Tamban, Seny Joy E.

January 22, 2021

Patalen, Jhareca Kelly Ms. Kristine Cell Garcia

BSP-1A

Assessment

▪ Prove or disprove the following statements using counterexample. Write a short explanation of
your step-by-step process for each test item. (maximum of 5 sentence)
1. All numbers that end in 1 are prime numbers.
➢ First let us list all numbers that ends in 1. 11, 21,31,41,51,61,71,81,91
Prime numbers are numbers that only have 2 factors, 1 and themselves, lets see if
these numbers are all prime numbers with listing their factors;
Numbers Factors
11 1,11
21 1,3,7,21
31 1,31
41 1,41
51 1,3,17,51
61 1,61
71 1,71
81 1,3,9,27,81
91 1,7,13,81
Since 21,51,81 and 91 have more than 2 factors they are considered composite
number and we can say that not all numbers that end in 1 are prime numbers. So we
call 21 as a counterexample.
2. All numbers that end in 3 are composite numbers.
➢ First let us list numbers that ends in 3; 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93. Let us
define composite numbers, they are number that have more than two factors,
lets see if these numbers are all composite numbers by listing their factors:
Numbers Factors
13 1,13
23 1,23
33 1,3,11,33
43 1,43
53 1,53
63 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 63
73 1,73
83 1,83
93 1, 3, 31, 93
With this we can see that 12,23,43,53,73 and 83 only have 2 factors which
means they are not composite number but prime numbers. So, we call 12 as a
counterexample.
3. The sum of any two whole numbers is divisible by 2.
➢ First let us list and add 2 pairs of whole numbers and divide its sum by 2.
1+2= 3 3/2=1.5
3+4= 7 7/2=3.5
5+7= 12 12/2=6
9+12= 21 21/2=10.5
Since 1 and 2 are whole numbers and when they are added the sum is 3, and when it
is divided by 2 the answer is 1.5 which means it is not divisible by 2. So, we call 1 and
2 as a counterexample.
 ▪ Use inductive and deductive reasoning in answering the problems below. Write a short
explanation of your step-by-step process for each test item. (maximum of 5 sentence)
1. 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, _____, _____, _____, …
➢ By observing these terms, we can see that the succeeding terms are added by 3.
Therefore, we can say that the next term will be the result of adding 3. We are
looking for the 6th, 7th and 8th terms, then we add 3 to the 5th term, add 3 to the
6th term and add 3 again to the 7th term so the next three terms are 23, 26, and
29.
2. 15, 7, -1, -9, ___, ___, ___, …
➢ Looking at these terms we can see that the succeeding terms are added by -8.
Thus, we can say that the next term will be the result of adding -8. We are
looking for the 5th, 6th and 7th term, then we will add -8 to the 4th term, add -8 to
the 5th term and add -8 again to the 7th term so the next three terms will be -17, -
25 and -33.
3. 32, 3.2, 0.32, 0.032, ___, ___, ___, …
➢ Looking at these terms we can see that the succeeding terms are multiplied by
0.1. Thus, we can say that the next term will be the product of 0.1. We are
looking for the 5th, 6th, and 7th term, then we will multiply 0.1 to the 4th term,
multiply it to the 5th and 6th term so the next three terms will be 0.0032,
0.00032, and 0.000032.
4. 20,40, 160, 960, 7680, ___, ___, ___, …
➢ Looking at these terms we can that the succeeding terms are multiplied by the
consecutive even numbers 2,4,6,8. Thus we can say that the next term will be
the product of the next even number. We are looking for the 6th, 7th, and 8th term
so we will multiply 10 to the 5th term, then we will multiply 12 to the 6th term
and multiply 14 to the 7th term so the next three terms will be 76,800, 921,600,
and 12,902,400.
5. 5, 8, 13, 20, 29, ___, ___, ___, …
➢ Looking at these terms we can see that the succeeding terms are added by the
consecutive odd numbers 3,5,7,9. Therefore we can say that the next term will
be the result of adding the next odd number. We are looking for the 6th, 7th and
8th term, then we will add 11 to the 5th term, add 13 to the 6th term and add 15 to
the 7th term so the next three terms will be 40, 53, and 68.

▪ Use deductive reasoning to answer the following. Show the 4 steps in problem solving to answer
these.
1. Suppose that you arrange dots in triangular shapes are shown below. How many dots will there
be in a triangle that has 10 rows?

Step 1: Understand the problem

This problem seeks to know how many dots will there be in a triangle that has 10 rows.
Step 2: Devising Plan
We will use the “Looking for a Pattern Strategy” since the figure presented shows a
sequential pattern.
Step 3: Carrying out the Plan
The dots arrange in triangular shapes have a sequence of 1,3,6,10 that have an interval of
adding consecutive number that will start with 2 following the next number which is 3, then 4 and so on.
Rows:
1. 0+1=1
2. 1+2 = 3
3. 3+3 = 6
 4. 6+4=10
5. 10+5=15
6. 15+6=21
7. 21+7=28
8. 28+8=36
9. 36+9=45
10. 45+10=55

Step 4: Looking Back

Each row has been solved and our answer is 55 with the question “How many dots will
there be in a triangle that has 10 rows?“

This triangle has 10 rows and have a total of 55 dots and by counting it all our answer is
proven.

2. Complete the magic square below

2 13

11 10

12 6

1 4 15

Step 1: Understand the Problem

We need to complete the magic square and fill in the blanks with the numbers that will
complete each row to have a sum of 34 horizontally and vertically.
Step 2: Devising a Plan
We can use the Guess and Check strategy here to complete the magic square until we
arrive to the correct answers.
Step 3: Carrying out the Plan
Rows:
 11. Guess 2+13+16+3 sum is equal to 34
12. Guess 11+8+5+10 sum is equal to 34
13. Guess 7+12+9+6 sum is equal to 34
14. Guess 14+1+4+15 sum is equal to 34
Columns:
1. Guess 2+11+7+14 sum is equal to 34
2. Guess 13+8+12+1 sum is equal to 34
3. Guess 16+5+9+4 sum is equal to 34
4. Guess 3+10+6+15 sum is equal to 34
Step 4: Looking Back
To check if our answer is all correct, we put it in the magic square and add each row and
column.
34 34 34 34 34 34

34 2 13 16 3 34

34 11 8 5 10 34

34 7 12 9 6 34

34 14 1 4 15 34

34 34 34 34 34 34

Since each column and row all have the sum of 34 in the magic square therefore the answer is
proven.

IV. Solve the following problem comprehensively using the four steps in problem solving devised by
Polya. Show all your solutions, if necessary.
Four married are members of couples for Christ. The wives’ names are Kathy, Sally, Jovie and
Apple. Their husbands are (in some order) Dannie, Wally, George, and Fernando.

• Wally is Jovie’s Brother.

• Jovie and Fernando dated some, but then Fernando met his present wife.
• Kathy is married to George
• Apple has two brothers.
• Apple’s husband in an only child.

Find out who is married to whom.

5. Understanding the Problem:

➢ In this problem we are to find out who is married to whom with the
hints or clues that is given.
6. Devising a Plan
➢ The most suitable strategy for this problem is “Eliminating Possibilities”
since we can use it to eliminate possible answers until we get to the correct
answer.
7. Carrying out the Plan
➢ So, we can start by understanding the clues given in the problem to see
who is married to whom.
 ▪ Clue 1: Wally is Jovie’s Brother.

Kathy Sally Jovie Apple

• Dannie • Dannie • Dannie • Dannie

• Wally • Wally • Wally X • Wally
• George • George • George • George
• Fernando • Fernando • Fernando • Fernando

▪ Clue 2: Jovie and Fernando dated some, but then Fernando met his
present wife.

Kathy Sally Jovie Apple

• Dannie • Dannie • Dannie • Dannie

• Wally • Wally • Wally X • Wally
• George • George • George • George
• Fernando • Fernando • Fernando X • Fernando

▪ Clue 3: Kathy is married to George

Kathy Sally Jovie Apple

• Dannie • Dannie • Dannie • Dannie

• Wally • Wally • Wally X • Wally
• George ✓ • George • George • George
• Fernando • Fernando • Fernando X • Fernando

▪ Clue 4: Apple has two brothers.

Kathy Sally Jovie Apple

• Dannie •Dannie •Dannie •Dannie X(brother)

•Wally •Wally X •Wally X
• Wally •George •George •GeorgeX(brother)
• George ✓ •Fernando •Fernando X •Fernando
• Fernando
 ▪ Clue 5: Apple’s husband is an only child.

The married couples are;

Kathy and George
Sally and Wally
Jovie and Dannie
Apple and Fernando

8. Looking Back
Our
Kathy Sally Jovie Apple

• DannieX •DannieX •Dannie ✓ •Dannie X(brother)

•Wally ✓ •Wally X (brother) •Wally X
• WallyX •GeorgeX •George X •GeorgeX(brother)
• George ✓ •FernandoX •Fernando X •Fernando✓
• FernandoX

answer is correct because it satisfy all the given conditions in the problem
➢ Clue 1: Wally and Jovie can’t be a couple since they are siblings.
➢ Clue 2: Jovie and Fernando cannot be a couple since they are in a relationship
before but Fernando met his wife.
➢ Clue 3: George and Kathy are married.
➢ Clue 4: Apple has two brothers which is Dannie and George
➢ Clue 5: Apple’s husband is an only child which is Fernando that is the only man
who doesn’t have any siblings according to the clues given.