N (G) - 2Nh (G) : Stoichiometry
N (G) - 2Nh (G) : Stoichiometry
Unit 11
Stoichiometry
B. Number of Molecules
• Balanced chemical equation gives you the ratio of molecules
• 1: 3: 2
• 10 molecules of N : 30 molecules of H: 20 molecules of ammonia.
C. Number of moles
• The coefficients of a balanced chemical equation also tells you the number of moles of reactants and products
D. Mass
• A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass
• The total mass of the atoms in the reaction does not change
E. Volume
• If you assume STP, the equation also tells you the volumes of gases
• Remember: 1 mol of any gas at STP = 22.4L
Practice Exercises
• Interpret the equation for the formation of water from its elements in terms of number of molecules and moles
and mass and volumes of gases at STP?
•
– H2(g) + O2(g) --> H2O(g)
Mole-Mole Calculations
• N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
• Mole ratios derived from the coefficients of this balanced chemical equation
1. Analyze
2. Calculate
3. Evaluate
1. Analyze
2. Calculate
3. Evaluate
2. This equation shows the formation of aluminum oxide, which is found on the surface of aluminum objects
exposed to the air.
4Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2Al2O3 (s)
a. Write the six mole ratios that can be derived from this equation
b. How many moles of aluminum are needed to form 3.7 mol of Al 2O3?
c. How many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 14.8 mol of Al?
d. How many moles of Al2O3 are formed when 0.78 mol O2 reacts with aluminum?
Stoich train Grams A / molar mass A x mole ratio of B/A x molar mass of B
1. Calculate the number of grams of NH 3 produced by the reactions of 5.40 g of hydrogen with an excess of nitrogen.
The balanced chemical equation is
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
Ans. : 30.4 g of NH3
• b. determine the number of grams of CaC 2 are needed to react completely with 49.0 g H 2O
How many liters of phosphine are formed when 0.42L of hydrogen reacts with phosphorus?
• In a chemical reaction, an insufficient quantity of any of the reactants will limit the amount of products that
forms.
• Limiting reagent – the reagent that determines the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction
• Excess reagent - the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction
1. Copper reacts with sulfur to form copper (I) sulfide according to the following balanced equation.
2Cu (s) + S (s) Cu2S (s)
Ans. Copper
If 2.70 mol C2H4 is reacted with 6.30 mol O2, identify the limiting reagent.
Ans. Dioxide O2
1. What is the maximum number of grams of Cu2S that can be formed when 80.0g Cu reacts with 25.0g S?
2Cu (s) + S (s) Cu2S (s)
Ans. C2H4
3. The heat from an acetylene torch is produced by burning acetylene (C 2H2) in oxygen.
2C2H2(g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2(g) + 2H2O (g)
How many grams of water can be produced by the reaction of 2.40 mol C 2H2 with 7.40 mol of O2?
Percent Yield
• Should not be more than 100%
• Reactions may not go to completion
• Impure reactants
• Competing side reactions
• Loss of product during filtration or transferring
• Reactants were not carefully measured
2. When 84.8g of iron (III) oxide reacts with an excess of carbon monoxide, iron is produced
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) 2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g)
Ans. 59.3 g Fe
4. If 50.0 g of silicon dioxide is heated with an excess of carbon 27.9 g of silicon carbide is produced.
SiO2 (s) + 3C (s) SiC (s) + 2CO (g)
What is the percent yield of this reaction?
Ans. 83.5%