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  • Cosmos

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    This document discusses Cosmos bipinnatus, a species of flower from the Asteraceae family originating in Mexico. It is commonly used as a cut flower, border plant, and in summer bedding due to its pleasant aroma and ability to attract butterflies. The flower has a diameter of 5-10cm with ray and disc florets. Breeding objectives for Cosmos include novel colors, double flowers, large size, long vase life, dwarf plants, increased flowering, and stress resistance. Breeding methods include selection, hybridization, and mutation induction through X-ray radiation. Commonly grown varieties are described.

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    This document discusses Cosmos bipinnatus, a species of flower from the Asteraceae family originating in Mexico. It is commonly used as a cut flower, border plant, and in summer bedding due to its pleasant aroma and ability to attract butterflies. The flower has a diameter of 5-10cm with ray and disc florets. Breeding objectives for Cosmos include novel colors, double flowers, large size, long vase life, dwarf plants, increased flowering, and stress resistance. Breeding methods include selection, hybridization, and mutation induction through X-ray radiation. Commonly grown varieties are described.

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    1K views2 pages

    Cosmos

    Uploaded by

    kanchana
    This document discusses Cosmos bipinnatus, a species of flower from the Asteraceae family originating in Mexico. It is commonly used as a cut flower, border plant, and in summer bedding due to its pleasant aroma and ability to attract butterflies. The flower has a diameter of 5-10cm with ray and disc florets. Breeding objectives for Cosmos include novel colors, double flowers, large size, long vase life, dwarf plants, increased flowering, and stress resistance. Breeding methods include selection, hybridization, and mutation induction through X-ray radiation. Commonly grown varieties are described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Cosmos

     Cosmos bipinnatus
     Family : Asteraceae
     Origin : Mexico
     x=11&12
     The word Cosmos is derived from Greek word kosmos means a balanced universe or order.
     The word bipinnatus derived from latin word meaning twice pinnate.

    Uses
     Used as cut flower
     As border annual in the gardens
     For summer bedding
     It as pleasant aroma and attracts butterflies in the garden
     Essential oil is extracted from leaves it contain 1517% beta-caryophyllene.

    Flower morphology
    • The flowers are 5-10cm in diameter. The flowers are produced in capitulum with ray and disc
    florets.

    • Ray florets are neutral and disc florets are hermaphrodite . Pollination by bees, lace wings ,
    flower flies and butterflies.

    • Anthesis of disc florets occurs centripetally and requires about a week for completion.

    • Emasculation was unnecessary bcz of their self sterility and self incompatability.

    Breeding objectives
     Novelty in flower colour
     Double whorled flower type
     Large flower size
     Long vase life
     Dwarf and ultra dwarf plant type
     Floriferous flowering
     Resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses
    Breeding methods
    Selection and hybridization

     No work has been done in India on varietal improvement.


     Some varities developed through these methods:
     New choco – unidentified selection of C.atrosanguineus .
     Strawberry choco - C.atrosanguineus* C.sulphureus.
     Cacao choco sanse - C.atrosanguineus*C.sulphureus.
     Commonly grown varieties
     Day dream – very tall , smallish and pink flowers.
     Double click – semi or fully doubled , it resembles chrysanthemum floating above airy cosomos
    foliage.
     Dwarf sensation – petite loosely petaled flower
     Picotee – the edges have been airbrushed with magenta
     Lemon twist – semi double bloom
     Psycho white – double bloom high above its thread like foliage and makes an excellent cut flower

    Mutation breeding
     It is irradiated with acute X-ray dose of 15kR. The variations were induced in flower forms.
    Genetic analysis showed that the induced condition of doublness was determined by a dominant
    mutation.

    Self incompatibility
    • The progeny of 3 crosses with Cosmos bipinnatus all included 4 mating types.
    • Some group within in a family were cross incompatible and thus were reciprocal
    difference in this incompatibility.
    • There was incompatibility b/w male and female parents and some of their progeny.

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