FOREWORD

A virtual adventure requires an

interactive ability in today’s generation, to
express one’s ideas freely on the various
issues that confront our country as a whole.
Welcome! This is CATALYST. Our fate is
determined upon how one deals with
the problems encountered and find answers to
it. Self- discovery is very important to
measure the strengths and weaknesses
of one, considering the capability to
adjust and maximize whatever resources
are available. Having a positive
perspective, strong determination,
confidence, and faith in God, will lead to a
life worth living for. Therefore, the
consequences that are ahead must be
faced with open-mindedness and empathy.
As you journey through this module
you will engage in activities that will develop
your communicative skills and discreet
thinking.
Your journey as a catalyst starts here.
Have fun while learning!

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 • The learner demonstrates understanding of
how Anglo-American literature and other text
types serve as a ameans of valuing other
people; also how to use processing
CONTENT information
strategies, different forms of adverbs and
conditionals for him/her to play an active
STANDARD part in a Chamber Theater presentation.

• The learner proficiently plays actively in a

Chamber Theater presentation through
employing effective verbal and non-verbal
strategies based on the following: Focus, Voice,
PERFORMANCE Delivery, Facial Expressions, Style and
STANDARD Body Movements or Gestures.

• The learner demonstrates communicative

competence through his/her understanding of
British-American Literature, including
Philippine Literature and other texts types for a
GRADE LEVEL deeper appreciation of Philippine Culture and
STANDARD those of other countries.

In this lesson, you will

COMPETENCY

express permission, obligation and

OBJECTIVES
LEARNING

prohibition using modals

&

1.familiarize list of modals that express permission,

obligation and prohibition
2.create a sentence using modals
3.complete a comic strip using modals

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The CATALYST includes four challenging activities that you
need to pass. These are the following:
1. Power - Exercise 1: Fill in
2. Prestige - Exercise 2: Complete me
3. Perseverance - Exercise 3: Make one
4. Passion - Assessment: Choose the best

WHAT HAPPENED?

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 has

clearly made many countries paralyzed. In
the country, many of our
fellowmen suffered from its effects in
many aspects. There is a massive
unemployment, hunger, illness, and death.
However, many felt the need to respond
to this call. In fact, kindness and love
shine in the hearts of many of our
brethren.

Read the lyrics of the song below

and reflect on how you can make a
positive change in the society.

I can make a positive

change!

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 Let’s Reminisce!
Instructions: Read the lyrics of the song by Phil Collins. Answer the
questions that follow.

ANOTHER DAY IN PARADISE Oh Lord, is there nothing more anybody

by Phil Collins can do?
Oh Lord, there must be something you
She calls out to the man on the street can say
“Sir, can you help me?”
It’s cold and I’ve nowhere to sleep You can tell from the lines on her face
Is there somewhere you can tell me?” You can see that she’s been there
Probably been moved on from every
He walks on, doesn’t look back He place
pretends he can’t hear her ‘Cause she didn’t fit in there
Starts to whistle as he crosses the street
Seems embarrassed to be there Oh, think twice, ‘cause it’s another day
for you and me in paradise
Oh, think twice, ‘cause it’s another day Oh, think twice, ‘cause it’s another day
for you and me in paradise for you and me in paradise You and me
Oh, think twice, ‘cause it’s another day in paradise
for you and me in paradise You and me in
paradise Just think about it Mhm
Think about it
Think about it
It’s just another day for you and me in
She calls out to the man on the street paradise
He can see she’s been crying It’s just another day for you and me in
She’s got blisters on the soles of her paradise
feet (para-paradise) Paradise
She can’t walk but she’s trying Just think about it (para-paradise
Paradise
Oh, think twice, ‘cause it’s another day Mhm, paradise Paradise
for you and me in paradise
Oh, think twice, ‘cause it’s another day https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/philcollins/anotherdayi
nparadise.html
for you and me in paradise You and me in
paradise

Just think about it

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1.In the first verse of the song, what did the woman ask from
the man?
A. aid B. money C. shelter D. direction

2. How did the man respond to the woman’s plea?

A. He ignored her. C. He embarrassed her.
B. He gave her money. D. He enlightened her.

3. Phil Collins sings: “Oh Lord, is there nothing more

anybody can do? Oh Lord, there must be something you can
say.” Who does he address?
A. somebody in authority C. God
B. an elderly D. his father

4. Which of the following is the subject of the problem

mentioned in the song?
A. homelessness C. helplessness
B. poverty D. evil

5.What is the song all about?

A.To share heartily is the passion of the generous.
B.Life on earth is temporary; real judgement is set in the
afterlife.
C.Kindness is rewarded well in heaven.
D.Do not do unto others, what you don’t want others do
unto you.

6.In the given lines below, the word in bold is an example of

what kind of modal?
“You can see that she’s been there
Probably been moved on from every place”
A. possibility C. obligation
B. ability D. prohibition

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II. Instructions: Choose the best modal that would
complete each statement correctly. Encircle your answer.
1. You come to the assembly but I would appreciate if
you’re there.
A. can't C. shouldn’t
B. mustn’t D. don’t have to

2. As safety protocol, you wear a mask wherever you go.

A. can C. must
B. should D. may

3. I can’t contact my mother on my phone. I borrow

yours?
A. Can C. Should
B. Must D. Might

4. Mrs. Cruz, I speak with you on your free time?

A. can C. should
B. must D. may

5. Did they tell you that you _ come to this area? It is

restricted to administration staff only.
A. shouldn't C. don’t have to
B. couldn’t D. can’t

How did you find the song? Is it reflective? If

you were in the shoes of the woman, how
would you feel? If you were the man, would
you do the same?
The song is full of modals. In fact, you
already identified one.
Study the guide below for you to
familiarize more of its kind.
Be a catalyst. Be a model for modals.

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Let’s Discover!
A MODAL VERB is a class of auxiliary verb which combines with the
base form of verbs to make verb phrases. It expresses an ability,
permission, request, capacity, obligation, or advice.

MODAL VERBS EXPRESSING OBLIGATION

Note: The modal of obligation is categorized into two.
MUST/HAVE TO – express a strong obligation or necessity
SHOULD/OUGHT TO – express a recommendation or moral
obligation

1. the modal verb MUST

All Persons Present Present Perfect Example
Affirmative Must Must have You must see a
physician fast.
Negative Must Must not have, You must not touch
not/mustn’t mustn’t have my things, these are
sharp.

2. the modal verb HAVE TO

Principal Present Present Past Future Example
Tense Perfect
Affirmative Has to Has had Had to Will have I have to be
Have to to to early
Have had tomorrow for
to the exam.

Negative Does Has not Did not Will not She does not
not have had to have to have to have to wash
to; do Have not Didn’t Won’t her uniform
not have had to have to have to today. It is a
to; don’t holiday
have to tomorrow.

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 Progressive Am Has been Was Will be I am having to
or having to having to having to having to take care of
Continuous Is having Have Were my siblings
to; are been having to now that our
having to having to parents are no
longer here.

Take note!
Had to vs must have
They had to go to the clinic.
(There is a need for them to go to the clinic)
They must have gone to the clinic.
(On my opinion, they have gone to the clinic.)

3. The modal verb SHOULD

All Persons Present Present Perfect Example
Affirmative should Should have You should stop
criticizing the
government.
Negative Should not Should not have, You shouldn’t have
Shouldn’t Shouldn’t have done that! You made
her mad.

4. The modal verb OUGHT TO

All Persons Present Present Perfect Example
Affirmative Ought to Ought to have You ought to stop
drinking liquors.
Negative Ought not Ought not to have You ought not to
to Oughtn’t to have have done that. You
Oughtn’t to made her mad.

Source: http://linguapress.com/grammar/modal-obligation.htm

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MODAL VERBS EXPRESSING PERMISSION
We use can, could, and may to ask permission.

1. The modal verb CAN

• Can I have some juice? – Yes, you can.
• Can I borrow your book, please? – Sure!
• Can I use your cellphone? – Of course!
Take Note: ‘Can‘ is informal. We use it when we are asking a
friend or someone we know for something in an informal situation;
or if we are asking someone we don’t know for something which is
small or unimportant.

2. The modal verb COULD

•Excuse me, could I sit here, please? – I’m sorry, but you
can’t. This seat is taken.
•Could I have your attention, Ma’am? – Sure.
•Could you tell me the way to the town center, please? –
Of course, it’s straight ahead.

Note: ‘Could‘ is more polite than ‘can’, so we can use it in more

formal situations like talking to your boss or a stranger or to ask for
something more important.

3. The modal verb MAY

•May I make an appointment for Saturday? – Yes, you
may.
•May I begin? – Of course.
•May I see your notes? – Sure, here you are.

Note: ‘May‘ is similar to ‘could’ but it is even more polite, and

also a little old-fashioned, so it is not used as often.

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MODAL VERBS EXPRESSING PROHIBITION

Modal verbs that are used for prohibition basically means that you
are not allowed to do something. The modal verbs to use are can’t,
many not, mustn’t.

1. The modal verb CAN’T

• You can’t park here.
• You can’t wear a hat in class.
• You can’t smoke in the room.
You could also ask questions about the rules:
• Can I smoke in here?
• Can I park my car here?

Take Note!
Can’t is the most common way to prohibit something, however, it
is the least formal compared to must not or may not.

2. The modal verb MAY NOT

• You may not smoke in this house.
• You may not wear shoes in the office.
• You may not eat in the conference room.
Like can, you could ask questions about the rules with may:
• May I smoke here?
• May I eat in this room?

Take Note!
‘May not’ is the formal way to prohibit something. Because it is the
most formal, you will often see it in writing.

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 3. The modal verb MUST NOT
• You must not use a cell phone in the class.
• You must not write with pencil in filling out this form.
• You must not play while the mass is going on.
Unlike the first two examples, you can’t ask questions about
rules with must.

Take Note!
‘Mustn’t’ means you are not allowed or it is important that you
do NOT do something.

https://grammartop.com/modal-verbs-permission-requests-and-offers/

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 Let’s Practice!

Exercise No. 1

General Instructions: Do what is asked for each activity. Write

your answer on the blank provided.

A.Use must or have/has/had to.

1.He be over forty. He was born in 1975.
2.If I remember it well, it be on this area.
3.I to pass through the window. I forgot my key.
4.You consider taking a rest. You are not feeling well.
5.If my sister is not at home, then she be in her
friend’s house.

B. Use may, can, could

1.Excuse me sir! I speak with you about the
assignment?
2.She take those books back to the shelves.
3.She have asked me about it in private.
4. I excuse myself from the meeting.
5.If you do it now why wait for tomorrow?

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C. Put in must or must not.
1.The movie be good. It has positive reviews from movie
goers.
2.You are very quick. You have run fast.
3.It rained everyday this summer. She _ have had enjoyed it.
4.They make any noise. This is a library.
5.You make hand washing a habit.

D. Complete the sentences with must not or cannot.

1.How can you say such a thing? You be serious.
2.Ben is a good friend of Shine, but he hasn’t come during her
birthday.
He have known the address.
3.Their car is not on the garage. They be home yet.
4.You haven’t started your assignment. You answered
everything in just 10 minutes.
5.I just bought cereals this morning. The jar be empty
just now.

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 Exercise No. 2

Instructions: Fill on the blank the correct modal that

would complete the conversation. Choose the correct
modal to use and combine it with the verb in
parentheses.
Delia and Frank are conversing over their quarantine
experience.
Frank: Hello there! How are you?

Delia: I am doing well so far. I (1) (imagine) how we

survived the two-month lockdown.
Frank: We are on the same boat. My father lost his job. Our
family savings are all gone. I was thinking of not going to
school this school year. I (2) (work).
Delia: What! Why? I think, you (3) (quit). You will miss a
year.
Frank: My parents don’t have enough. I (4) (bare)
looking at them suffering.
Delia: You (5) _ (work). I can help you look for a scholarship.
My mother knows someone who
(6) __ (sponsor) your schooling. You can help by
doing well in school. You’re smart.
Frank: (7) you really ask your mom? It would be a
big help.
Delia: There is nothing wrong if we try.
Frank: Thank you. Anyways, when will this pandemic be over?
Delia: I really do not know. I guess we (8) (deal) with
this for quite sometime.
Frank: The new normal?.... In that case, for us to be safe form
the virus, we (9) (wear) a mask anywhere we go.
Yes. You are right. We also (10) (make)
Delia: handwashing a habit. (Giggling)

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Exercise No. 3

Instructions: Fill in the space provided to make a comic

strip out of the given pictures. Use the different modals of
permission, obligation and prohibition.

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Let’s Assess!
Instructions: Read each item carefully. Choose the modal
that correctly completes the thought of the sentence.
Encircle the letter of your choice.
1.George be lazy but he is not stupid.
A. mustn't B. should C. may D. can

2.You be serious about playing outside under this heavy rain.

A. can't B. shouldn’t C. might D. mustn’t

3.You thank the man who return your lost wallet. It was very
kind of him.
A. must B. should C. may D. can

4.Sheila study tonight. The test was postponed next month due
to the epidemic.

A. mustn't C. shouldn’t
B. don’t have to D. doesn’t have to

5. you excuse me for a minute?

A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Might

6. She take care of himself before he gets ill.

A. should B. must C. would D. can

7. Billy prepare well for the exam or else he will fail.

A. has to B. have to C. should D. can

8. If people live forever, the world be very crowded.

A. may, must C. could, would

B. will, may D. must, should

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 9. A: When did you send the letters to John?
B: Yesterday. He receive it by Thursday.
A. can B. must C. might D. has to

10. A: The cleaners clean the room. B:

Why?
A: The officers already did it for them.
B: They _ have been spared
A. mustn't, should
from the task. C. don’t have to, must
B. shouldn’t, would D. couldn’t, might

II.Instructions: Make sentences in parentheses. Add the

necessary modal of permission, obligation or prohibition.
Two points each.
1. Why are you going home early? (You/go/home/yet)

2. I was not able to catch up with the assignment.

(I/call/you/tonight/for/some/questions)

3. Smoking is bad for your health. (You/stop/smoking)

4. You miss the bus again. (You/be/early/next/time)

5. I did not bring my book. (I/borrow/yours?)

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HOW WELL DID YOU LEARN?

_/20

Tally your
_/20 score! _/10

_/20

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Congratulations! Good job!

Change is indeed the most
constant thing in this world.
You are now ready to
write your commitment
towards positive change.
In today’s uncertainty, how
will you be able to help others
in your own ways? Be the
change and make it happen.

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Let’s Reflect!

Instructions: Write a short commitment on how you can

make a positive change in the society. Make use of the
modals that you learned in this module.

I AM A CATALYST FOR POSITIVE CHANGE

REFERENCES

Almonte, Liza, et al. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Learner’s

Material for English), Department of Education. Pasig City. 2014

Murphy, Raymund and William R. Smalzer. Grammar in Use Intermediate.

Singapore. Cambrige University Press. 2009

https://grammartop.com/modal-verbs-permission-requests-and-offers/
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/modals/prohibition.html

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 SHERRILYN A. PANCHO
Writer

RHEA KRIS S. TORREON

Writer/Layout Artist

NEZA MAE O. VILLANUEVA

Writer/Layout Artist

EPHRAIM L. PRACA
Illustrator

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