Designation: D 1056 – 07

Standard Specification for

Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber1,2
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Methods 12001, 12005, 12011, 12021,
12031, 12041, 12151, and 12411 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 601.

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This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace MIL-STD-670 and MIL-STD-C 3133,
which were discontinued in 1986.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular rubber prod- 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
ucts known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does D 395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
not apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The Set
base material for an open/closed cellular product may be made D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
of synthetic, natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and plastic Elastomers—Tension
may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
be modified by organic or inorganic additives. These elasto- D 573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
meric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanized Oven
rubber, namely (1) the ability to be converted from a thermo- D 575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression
plastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization) D 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional
or (2) the substantial recovery of their original shapes when Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
strained or elongated, or both. D 832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning For Low Tempera-
1.2 Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cutting ture Testing
standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
methods and will usually require special testing procedures. D 1171 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
1.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of this general Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Speci-
specification and those of detailed specifications or test meth- mens)
ods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence. D 3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and
Reference to the test methods in this specification should Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-
specifically state the particular test or tests desired. ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D 3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
standard. Purposes from Products
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the 2.2 ISO Standard:4
test methods portions of this specification: This standard does ISO 6916-1 Flexible Cellular Polymeric Materials: Sponge
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, and Expanded Cellular Rubber Products—Specification
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Part 1 Sheet
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior 3. Terminology
to use. 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D 883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—ISO 6916-1 is similar to this specification.

1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1056 - 00. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
This version supersedes all prior versions of this specification. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 1056 – 07
3.2.1 cellular material—a generic term for materials con- alone or in combination, where specific resistance to the action
taining many cells (either open or closed, or both) dispersed of petroleum base oils is not required.
throughout the mass. 4.2.2 Class B—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber
3.2.2 closed cell—a product whose cells are totally enclosed or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, having
by its walls and hence not interconnecting with other cells. specific requirements for oil resistance with low mass change.
3.2.3 expanded rubber—cellular rubber having closed cells 4.2.3 Class C—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber
made from a solid rubber compound. or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, having
3.2.4 flexible cellular material—a flexible cellular organic specific requirements for oil resistance with medium mass
polymeric material that will not rupture within 60 s when a change.
specimen 200 by 25 by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around 4.2.4 Class D—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber
a 25-mm (1-in.) diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of 1 lap/5 or rubber-like materials alone or in combination having spe-
s in the form of a helix at a temperature between 18 and 29°C cific requirements for extreme temperature resistance (−75 to
(65 and 85°F). 175°C) (−103 to 347°F); but specific resistance to the action of
3.2.5 open cell—a product whose cells are not totally petroleum-base oils is not required.
enclosed by its walls and open to the surface, either directly or
4.3 Grades—Each type and class has been divided into a
by interconnecting with other cells.
number of different grades. Each grade is based on a specific
3.2.6 rubber—a material that is capable of recovering from
range of firmness as expressed by compression-deflection (see
large deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, or already
Sections 19 to 22). Grades are designated by digit, the softer
is, modified to a state in which it is essentially insoluble (but
grades being identified with the lower numbers and the higher
can swell) in boiling solvent (such as benzene, methyl ethyl
grades being identified with the higher numbers.
ketone, and ethanol-toluene azeotrope).
4.3.1 Grade 0—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a
3.2.7 Discussion—A rubber in its modified state, free of
compression-deflection range from 0 to 15 kPa (0 to 2 psi).
diluents, retracts within 1 min to less than 1.5 times its original
length after being stretched at room temperature (20 to 27°C) 4.3.2 Grade 1—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a
to twice its length and held for 1 min before release. compression-deflection range from 15 to 35 kPa (2 to 5 psi).
3.2.8 skin—the textured outer surface on the material 4.3.3 Grade 2—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a
formed during manufacture by contact with molds, cover plate, compression-deflection range from 35 to 65 kPa (5 to 9 psi).
air, or other curing medium. 4.3.4 Grade 3—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a
3.2.9 Discussion—Normally, this skin is formed by contact compression-deflection range from 65 to 90 kPa (9 to 13 psi).
with the mold or cover plates during manufacture. Molded 4.3.5 Grade 4—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a
open-cell (sponge) parts usually have a skin on all surfaces, compression-deflection range from 90 to 120 kPa (13 to 17
except when cut to length from longer strips. Parts made by psi).
cutting from open-cell (sponge) sheets usually have skin on 4.3.6 Grade 5—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a
two faces and open cells at the cut edges. Closed-cell (ex- compression-deflection range from 120 to 170 kPa (17 to 25
panded) rubber sheets are frequently split from thicker pieces psi).
and consequently do not have the skin faces. On some products
it is desirable to add a solid rubber skin coating. The use to NOTE 2—For conversion of types, classes, and grades to previous
versions of Specification D 1056, see Appendix X1.
which the cellular rubber product is to be put determines the
thickness of added skin required. Products subject to abrasion 5. Materials and Manufacture
or open-cell (sponge) rubber that must withstand absorption of
water or transmission of gases will ordinarily require an 5.1 Sponge Rubber—Sponge rubber is made by incorporat-
applied skin coating. Closed-cell (expanded) rubber does not ing into the compound a blowing agent, such as sodium
usually require an added skin for these reasons. bicarbonate, that gives off a gas which expands the mass during
3.2.10 sponge rubber—cellular rubber consisting predomi- the vulcanization process. Sponge rubber is manufactured in
nantly of open cells made from a solid rubber compound. sheet, strip, molded, or special shapes. Unless otherwise
specified, sheet and strip sponge rubber shall have a natural
4. Classification (Types, Classes, Grades, and Suffix skin on both the top and bottom surfaces. Fabric surface
Letters) impressions are ordinarily not objectionable. The coarseness of
4.1 Types—These specifications cover two types of cellular the impressions shall be agreed upon between the parties
rubber designated by the prefix numbers 1 and 2. concerned.
4.1.1 Type 1—Open-cell rubber. 5.2 Expanded Rubber—Closed-cell rubber is made by in-
4.1.2 Type 2—Closed-cell rubber. corporating gas-forming ingredients in the rubber compound,
4.1.3 See Section 3 for definitions of open and closed cell. or by subjecting the compound to high-pressure gas, such as
4.2 Classes—Both types are divided into four classes des- nitrogen. Expanded rubber is manufactured in sheet, strip,
ignated by the letters A, B, C, and D added to the number molded, tube, cord, and profile shapes by molding or extruding.
prefix. Basic requirements for classes are found in Tables 1 and Unless otherwise specified, the presence of skin on the top or
2. bottom surfaces of sheet and strip expanded rubber shall be
4.2.1 Class A—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber, optional. Extruded shapes have skin on all surfaces except cut
natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, or rubber-like materials, ends.
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2
 D 1056 – 07
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Cellular Rubbers, Type 1, Open-Cell Sponge

Basic Requirements
Compression Deflection after Oil-Aged 22 h at 70°C Compression Set, 50 % Low-
Compression Deflection, 25 % Oven Aging, Change from Original (158°F), Change in Volume Deflection, max,% Temperature
Grade Number
Deflection (Limits), kPa (psi) 168 h at 70°C 22 h at 150°C in ASTM Oil No. 3 (IRM 22 h at 70°C 22 h at 100°C Flex, 5 h at
(158°F) (302°F) 903) (Limits),% (158°F) (212°F) 55°C (−67°F)

Class A, Non-oil-Resistant
A
1A0 less than 15 (2) 620 ... ... 15 ... ...
1A1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 620 ... ... 15 ... ...
1A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 620 ... ... 15 ... ...
1A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 620 ... ... 15 ... ...
1A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 620 ... ... 15 ... ...
1A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 620 ... ... 15 ... ...
Class B, Oil-Resistant, Low Mass ChangeB
A
1B0 less than 15 (2) 620 ... −25 to + 10 40 ... ...
1B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 620 ... −25 to + 10 40 ... ...
1B2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 620 ... −25 to + 10 40 ... ...
1B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 620 ... −25 to + 10 40 ... ...
1B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 620 ... −25 to + 10 40 ... ...
1B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 620 ... −25 to + 10 40 ... ...
Class C, Oil-Resistant, Medium Mass ChangeB
1C0 less than 15 (2) 620A ... + 10 to + 60 50 ... ...
1C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 620 ... + 10 to + 60 50 ... ...
1C2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 620 ... + 10 to + 60 50 ... ...
1C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 620 ... + 10 to + 60 50 ... ...
1C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 620 ... + 10 to + 60 50 ... ...
1C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 620 ... + 10 to + 60 50 ... ...
Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant
1D0 less than 15 (2) ... 65 ... ... 50 pass
1D1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) ... 65 ... ... 50 pass
1D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) ... 65 ... ... 30 pass
1D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) ... 65 ... ... 30 pass
1D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) ... 65 ... ... 30 pass
1D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) ... 65 ... ... 30 pass

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3
 D 1056 – 07

TABLE 1 Continued
Requirements Added by Suffix Letters
Grade Number Compression Deflection, 25 % A4 B1 F M
Deflection (Limits), kPa (psi)
Compression Compression Set, Low-Temperature Flex Combustion
Deflection after 50 % Deflection, Characteristics,
Oven Aging, 22 h at 70°C max, 100
Change from (158°F), max % mm/min, (4
Original, 22 h, in./min)
at 175°C
(347°F),
Limits, %
F1 F2 F3
5 h at −55°C 5 h at −75°C
5 h at −40°C (−40°F)
(−67°F) (−103°F)
Class A, Non-oil-ResistantA
1A0 less than 15 (2) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass
1A1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass
1A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass
1A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass
1A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . . . . . . pass pass . . . [pass
1A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass
Class B, Oil-Resistant, Low Mass ChangeB
1B0 less than 15 (2) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass
1B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass
1B2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass
1B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass
1B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass
1B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass
Class C, Oil-Resistant, Medium Mass ChangeB
1C0 less than 15 (2) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass
1C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass
1C2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass
1C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass
1C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass
1C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass
Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant
1D0 less than 15 (2) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass
1D1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass
1D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass
1D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass
1D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass
1D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass
A
If this grade after aging still falls within the compression-deflection requirement of <15 kPa (2 psi), it shall be considered acceptable even though the change from the
original is greater than 620 %.
B
Terminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.

TABLE 2 Physical Requirements of Cellular Rubbers, Type 2, Closed-Cell Expanded

Basic Requirements
Oven-Aged, Change
from Original Compression
Water Absorption, max, Fluid Immersion, 7 Days at
Compression Set, 50 % Low-
Compression Change in Weight, % 23°C (73.4°F), max %A
Deflection Values Constant Temperature
Grade Deflection, 25 % (Limits), % Deflection, 22 Flex, 5 h at
Number Deflection (Limits), kPa
168 h at 22 h at Density over Density of Density over Density of h at 100°C −55°C
(psi)
70°C 150°C 160 kg/ 160 kg/ 160 kg/ 160 kg/ (212°F), max (−67°F)
(158°F) (302°F) m3(10 lb/ft3) m3(10 lb/ft3) m3(10 lb/ft3) m3(10 lb/ft3) %
or less or less
Class A, Nonfuel-Resistant
2A0 less than 15 (2) 630 ... 5 10 ... ... ... ...
2A1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 630 ... 5 10 ... ... ... ...
2A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 630 ... 5 10 ... ... ... ...
2A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 630 ... 5 10 ... ... ... ...

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4
 D 1056 – 07

TABLE 2 Continued
2A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 630 ... 5 10 ... ... ... ...
2A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 630 ... 5 10 ... ... ... ...
Class B, Fuel-Resistant, Low Mass ChangeB
2B0 less than 15 (2) 630 ... 5 10 50 100 ... ...
2B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 630 ... 5 10 50 100 ... ...
2B2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 630 ... 5 10 50 100 ... ...
2B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 630 ... 5 10 50 100 ... ...
2B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 630 ... 5 10 50 100 ... ...
2B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 630 ... 5 10 50 100 ... ...
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Class C, Fuel-Resistant, Medium Mass ChangeB

2C0 less than 15 (2) 630 ... 5 10 150 250 ... ...
2C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 630 ... 5 10 150 250 ... ...
2C2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 630 ... 5 10 150 250 ... ...
2C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 630 ... 5 10 150 250 ... ...
2C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 630 ... 5 10 150 250 ... ...
2C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 630 ... 5 10 150 250 ... ...
Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant
2D0 less than 15 (2) ... 65 5 10 ... ... 80 pass
2D1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) ... 65 5 10 ... ... 80 pass
2D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) ... 65 5 10 ... ... 60 pass
2D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) ... 65 5 10 ... ... 60 pass
2D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) ... 65 5 10 ... ... 60 pass
2D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) ... 65 5 10 ... ... 60 pass
Requirements Added By Suffix Letters
A B F M
Compression Deflection After Oven Aging, Compression Set, 50 % Low Temperature Flex, 5 h at
Compression Deflection Change from Original Limits, % Deflection, max % Temperature
Grade Combustion
25 % Deflection (Limits), 22 h at 22 h at 22 h at 22 h at 22 h at 22 h at Characteristics,
Number –40°C –55°C –75°C
kPa (psi) 100°C 125°C 150°C 175°C 23°C 23°C 100 mm/min,
(–40°F) (–67°F) (–103°F)
(212°F) (257°F) (302°F) (350°F) (73.4°F) (73.4°F) max, (4 in./min)
A1 A2 A3 A4 B2 B3 F1 F2 F3
2A0 less than 15 (2) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2A1 15 TO 35 (2 TO 5) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2A2 35 TO 65 (5 TO 9) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2A3 65 TO 90 (9 TO 13) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2A4 90 TO 120 (13 TO 17) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2A5 120 TO 170 (17 TO 25) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass

2B0 less than 15 (2) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2B1 15 TO 35 (2 TO 5) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2B2 35 TO 65 (5 TO 9) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2B3 65 TO 90 (9 TO 13) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2B4 90 TO 120 (13 TO 17) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2B5 120 TO 170 (17 TO 25) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass

2C0 less than 15 (2) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2C1 15 TO 35 (2 TO 5) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2C2 35 TO 65 (5 TO 9) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2C3 65 TO 90 (9 TO 13) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2C4 90 TO 120 (13 TO 17) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass
2C5 120 TO 170 (17 TO 25) 630 % 630 % 630 % 630 % 25 % 35 % pass pass pass pass

2D0 less than 15 (2) NAC NAC NAC 630 % 25 % 35 % NAC NAC pass pass
2D1 15 TO 35 (2 TO 5) NAC NAC NAC 630 % 25 % 35 % NAC NAC pass pass
2D2 35 TO 65 (5 TO 9) NAC NAC NAC 630 % 25 % 35 % NAC NAC pass pass
2D3 65 TO 90 (9 TO 13) NAC NAC NAC 630 % 25 % 35 % NAC NAC pass pass
2D4 90 TO 120 (13 TO 17) NAC NAC NAC 630 % 25 % 35 % NAC NAC pass pass
2D5 120 TO 170 (17 TO 25) NAC NAC NAC 630 % 25 % 35 % NAC NAC pass pass
A
This test (see Sections 26-33 ) of weight change in Reference Fuel B is used in place of the usual oil-resistance test of volume change of No. 3 oil for the following
reason: Oil or solvent immersion of flexible closed cellular materials usually causes loss of gas, by diffusion through the softened cell walls, that results in some shrinkage
of the test sample. This shrinkage counteracts the swell that would normally occur, therefore invalidating test data based on volume change. Reference Fuel B is used
because it produces a wider and more consistent differentiation among the A, B, and C classes than does the No. 3 oil.
B
Standard oil resistance test methods give inconsistent results on closed cellular materials. This test gives a general indication of oil resistance but more reliable
information should be obtained by testing in actual or simulated service conditions.
The values of 150 % maximum Class C and 50 % maximum Class B apply to cellular materials having densities of more than 160 kg/m 3(10 lb/ft3). For cellular materials
with densities of 160 kg/m3 or less, the values of maximum mass change allowed are 250 % for Class C and 100 % for Class B.
Terminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.
C
NA = Not applicable. Already covered as a basic requirement in Table 2.

5
 D 1056 – 07
6. Physical Properties 2 together with any additional requirements indicated by suffix
6.1 The various grades of cellular rubber shall conform to letters in the grade designations as described in Section 4 and
the requirements as to physical properties in Table 1 and Table Table 3.

TABLE 3 ASTM Test Methods

NOTE 1—See Table 1 or Table 2 for established requirements for open or closed cell forms respectively.
NOTE 2—Test Methods D 412 was intended for testing dense rubber samples. It requires a sample thickness of between 1.5 and 3 mm (0.060 and 0.120
in.). This thickness is difficult to achieve on some foam products. In addition, foam samples, particularly low-compression deflection products can be
difficult to measure gage. There is also no mention of allowance for skin or no skin samples. For these reasons, tensile samples tested in accordance with
Specification D 1056 are allowed to be up to 6.5 mm (.250 in.) thick and should be tested with or without skin as used in the application.

Basic Requirements and Suffix

Number Requirement or Suffix Basic Requirements Suffix Number 1 Suffix Number 2 Suffix Number 3 Suffix Number 4
Letter
Compression deflection Specification D 1056,
Sections 17-22
Heat resistance Specification D 1056,
Sections 16-22, change in
compression deflection
after aging 7 days at 70°C
(158°F)
Fluid resistance (1B and 1C Specification D 1056,
rubber only) Sections 23-33,
22 h
at 70°C (158°F)
Fluid resistanceA (2B and 2C) Specification D 1056 Sec-
tions 26-33, 7 days at
23°C (73.4°F)
Compression set (1A, 1B, and Specification D 1056,
1C) Sections 49-55, 22 h at
70°C (158°F), 50 % de-
flection, 30-min recovery
at 23°C (73.4°F)
Compression set (1D and 2D Specification D 1056,
rubber only) Sections 49-55, 22 h at
100°C (212°F), 50 % de-
flection, 30-min recovery
at 23°C (73.4°F)
Water absorption (2A, 2B, 2C, Specification D 1056,
and 2D) Sections 42-48
Suffix A, heat resistance Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056,
Sections 16-22, Sections 16-22, Sections 16-22, Sections 16-22,
change in compression change in compression change in compression change in compression
deflection after aging deflection after aging deflection after aging deflection after aging
22 h at 100°C (212°F) 22 h at 125°C (257°F) 22 h at 150°C (302°F) 22 h at 175°C (350°F)
Suffix B, compression set (B1 for Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056,
1A, 1B, and 1C only) (B2 & B3 Sections 49-67, 22 h at Sections 49-67, 22 h at Sections 49-67, 22 h at
for 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D only) 70°C (158°F), 50 % de- 23°C (73.4°F), 50 % de- 23°C (73.4°F), 50 % de-
flection, 30-min recovery flection, 24-h recovery at flection, 24-h recovery at
at 23°C (73.4°F), 25 % 23°C (73.4°F), 25 % 23°C (73.4°F) 35 %,
max max max
Suffix C, ozone or weather resis- Test Method D 1171, Test Method D 1171, Test Method D 1171,
tanceB ozone chamber outdoor exposure, ozone exposure (ozone
exposure, Method A: Exposure chamber or outdoor), Test
Method A. Exposure Rating Method B: Quality Reten-
rating (Exposure Method tion Rating
A or B)
Suffix D, load deflectionC
Suffix E, fluid resistanceC
Suffix F, Low-temperature resis- Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056, Specification D 1056,
tance Sections 56-60, 5 h at Sections 56-60, 5 h at Sections 56-60, 5 h at
−40°C (−40°F) −55°C (−67°F) −75°C (−103°F)
Suffix G, tear resistanceB Test Method D 624 Die C
Suffix J, abrasion resistanceC
Suffix K, adhesion capabilityC Rubber compound must
be suitable for, and able
to accept adhesive bond-
ing.
Suffix L, water absorptionC
Suffix M, combustion characteristicsD Test Method D 5132 100
mm/min, max (4 in./min,
max)
Suffix N, impact resistanceC
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6
 D 1056 – 07

TABLE 3 Continued
Basic Requirements and Suffix
Number Requirement or Suffix Basic Requirements Suffix Number 1 Suffix Number 2 Suffix Number 3 Suffix Number 4
Letter
Suffix P, staining resistanceC
Suffix R, resilienceB Test Method D 2632
(Shore Rebound)
Suffix T, Tensile/ElongationB Test Method D 412 except
specimen thickness, See
Note 2
Suffix W, densityB Specification D 1056 Sec-
tions 61-67
Suffix Z, special requirementsC
A
See Table 2 for materials having densities of 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft3) or less.
B
Ratings to be arranged between the purchaser and the supplier.
C
Test method and values to be arranged between the purchaser and the supplier.
D
Specimen to be at application thickness.

7. Tolerances on Dimensions 10. Test Methods

7.1 Tolerances on dimensions of cellular rubber products 10.1 Unless specifically stated otherwise, all tests shall be
shall be as specified in Table 4. made in accordance with the methods specified in Sections
14-67 and Table 3.
8. Color
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, the color of cellular rubber 11. Sampling
shall be black. 11.1 When possible, the completed manufactured product
shall be used for the tests specified. Representative samples of
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance the lot being examined shall be selected at random as required.
9.1 Cellular rubber furnished under this specification shall 11.2 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test
be manufactured from synthetic rubber, natural rubber, or specimens from the article, as in those cases where the entire
rubber-like materials together with added compounding ingre- sample is not required or adaptable for testing, the method of
dients of such nature and quality that the finished product cutting and the exact position from which specimens are to be
complies with the specification requirements. In permitting taken shall be specified. The apparent density and the state of
choice in use of those materials by the producer, it is not cure may vary in different parts of the finished product,
intended to imply that the different rubber materials are especially if the article is of complicated shape or of varying
equivalent in respect to all physical properties. Any special thickness, and these factors affect the physical properties of the
characteristics other than those prescribed in this specification specimens. Also, the apparent density is affected by the number
that may be desired for specific applications shall be specified of cut surfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered
in the product specifications, as they may influence the choice surfaces on the test specimen.
of the type of rubber material or other ingredients used. All 11.3 When the finished product does not lend itself to
materials and workmanship shall be in accordance with good testing or to the taking of test specimens because of compli-
commercial practice, and the resulting cellular rubber shall be cated shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, solid covers,
free from defects affecting serviceability. adhesion to metal, or other reasons, standard test slabs shall be
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TABLE 4 Tolerances on Dimensions of Cellular Rubber Products for General Applications

Thickness Length and Width
Form Tolerance, 6, mm Tolerance, 6, mm
Dimension, mm (in.) Dimension, mm (in.)
(in.) (in.)
Sponge Rubber
Sheet and strip 3.2 (0.125) and under 0.4 (0.016) 152 (6) and under 1.6 (0.063)
Over 3.2 (0.125) to 12.7 (0.50), incl 0.8 (0.032) Over 152 (6) to 457 (18), incl 3.2 (0.125)
Over 12.7 (0.50) 1.2 (0.047) Over 457 (18) 0.5 %
Molded or special shapes 6.4 (0.250) and under 0.8 (0.032) 6.4 (0.250) and under 0.8 (0.032)
Over 6.4 (0.250) to 76.2 (3), incl 1.6 (0.063) Over 6.4 (0.250) to 76 (3), incl 1.6 (0.063)
Over 76 (3) to 457 (18), incl 3.2 (0.125)
Over 457 (18) 0.5 %
Expanded Rubber
Sheet and strip 3.2 (0.125) and under 1.6 (0.063) 152 (6) and under 6.4 (0.250)
3.2 (0.125) to 12.7 (0.50), incl 1.6 (0.063) 152 (6) and under 6.4 (0.250)
Over 12.7 (0.50) 2.4 (0.094) Over 152 (6) to 305 (12), incl 9.6 (0.375)
Over 305 (12) 3%
Molded or special shapes 3.2 (0.125) to 12.7 (0.50), incl 1.6 (0.063) 152 (6) and under 6.4 (0.250)
Over 12.7 (0.50) to 38.1 (1.50), incl 2.4 (0.094) Over 152 (6) to 305 (12), incl 9.6 (0.375)
Over 38.1 (1.50) to 76.2 (3), incl 3.2 (0.125) Over 305 (12) 3%

7
 D 1056 – 07
prepared. When differences due to the difficulty in obtaining yields a 645.70-mm2(1-in.2) specimen. The specimens may be
suitable test specimens from the finished part arise, the cut with a revolving die5 using a soap solution as a lubricant.
manufacturer and the purchaser may agree on acceptable If a lubricant is used, the specimens shall be thoroughly dried
deviations. This can be done by comparing results of standard before proceeding with the testing. In some cases it may be
test specimens and those obtained on actual parts. necessary to freeze the cellular rubber to obtain parallel cut
edges. Samples shall not be compression die cut because this
12. Inspection and Rejection process distorts the sample, which will affect the final proper-
12.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of ties. When cut from standard test slabs they shall be cut from
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified. The the center area as shown in Fig. 1. The thickness shall be
manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities measured as described in 15.3.2. As stated under the test
for tests and inspection. methods, the minimum thickness of test specimens is 6.00 mm
12.2 The purchaser may make the tests and inspection to (0.24 in.). Plied-up samples may be used as indicated in the test
govern acceptance or rejection of the material at his own methods for compression set and compression deflection (see

--````````,`,,,`,``,`,`,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
laboratory or elsewhere. Such tests and inspection shall be Note 3 in 19.2).
made not later than 15 days after receipt of the material. 15.2 Test Slabs—Standard test slabs of all types of cellular
12.3 All samples for testing, provided as specified in Sec- rubber shall be pieces 150 6 5 mm (nominally 6 in.) square
tion 11, shall be visually inspected to determine compliance and 12.5 6 0.5 mm (nominally 0.5 in.) in thickness made from
with the material, workmanship, and color requirements. the same compound and having the same apparent density and
12.4 Any material that fails in one or more of the test state of cure as the product they represent. In all cases the
requirements may be retested. For this purpose, two additional surface skin shall be left intact on both top and bottom faces of
tests shall be made for the requirement in which failure the test slab. Standard test slabs shall be prepared either by
occurred. Failure of either of the retests shall be cause for final cutting them from flat sheets of the specified thickness or as
rejection. described in 15.2.1 or 15.2.2.
12.5 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by 15.2.1 When specially prepared standard test slabs of
the manufacturer. sponge rubber are required, they shall be made using the frame
13. Packaging and Package Marking shown in Fig. 2 together with top and bottom plates each
approximately 12.50 mm (0.50 in.) in thickness. The frame and
13.1 The material shall be properly and adequately pack- plates shall be made of aluminum or steel. The stock shall be
aged. Each package or container shall be legibly marked with in sheet form, cut into squares slightly smaller than the frame
the name of the material, name or trademark of the manufac- cavities. The thickness of the square sheets shall be such as to
turer, and any required purchaser’s designations. give the required apparent density when the material is blown
GENERAL TEST METHODS during cure to fill the molding cavities. The squares of stock
shall be dusted with talc and the excess brushed off to avoid
14. Scope pitting. They shall then be placed in the frame, and fabric
14.1 Except as otherwise specified in these test methods, the
following ASTM test methods and the various test methods in
Table 3, applicable in general to vulcanized rubber, shall be 5
A satisfactory die and its method of application are described in Section 4 of
complied with as required and are hereby made a part of these Test Methods D 575.
test methods:
14.1.1 General Physical Test Requirements— Practices
D 3182 and D 3183.
14.1.2 Aging Test—Test Method D 573, with modifications
as described in Sections 16-22 .
14.1.3 Compression Set, Suffıx B—Test method described in
Sections 49-55.
14.1.4 Fluid Immersion, Suffıx E—Test Method D 471 and
Sections 23-33.
14.1.5 Low-Temperature Test, Suffıxes F1, F2, and F3—Test
method described in Sections 56-60 . Suitable low-temperature
cabinets and conditioning procedures are described in Practice
D 832.
14.2 In case of conflict between provisions of the test
methods referenced in 14.1.1-14.1.5 and the procedures spe-
cifically described herein for cellular rubbers, the latter shall
take precedence.
15. Test Specimens and Slabs
15.1 Test Specimens—Standard test specimens shall be FIG. 1 Location from Which Standard Test Specimens Are to Be
disks 28.00 6 0.50 mm (1.10 6 0.02 in.) in diameter, which Cut When Testing Standard Test Slabs or Commercial Flat Sheet

8
 D 1056 – 07
15.3.3 The steel scale or tape used to measure length or
width shall be graduated to 1 mm (0.031 in.). The dial gage for
measuring thickness shall be graduated to 0.02 mm (0.001 in.).
The calipers used for measuring thickness shall be graduated to
0.1 mm (0.005 in.).
15.3.4 Results shall be reported as the average of three
measurements. If the results vary between the specimens more
than 10 %, two additional specimens should be taken into the
average.

ACCELERATED AGING TESTS

16. Test Specimen

16.1 The test specimen used in any of the aging tests shall
be of the size and shape as specified by the appropriate
called-out test method.

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COMPRESSION-DEFLECTION TESTS

17. Scope
17.1 This test method consists of measuring the force
FIG. 2 Four-Cavity Frame for Standard Test Slabs of Cellular
Rubbers
necessary to produce a 25 % deflection on a test specimen.

18. Apparatus
sheeting shall be applied on the top and bottom between the 18.1 Any compression machine that meets the following
frame and the plates to allow venting of gases produced during requirements will be satisfactory. The machine shall be capable
the cure. This fabric shall be a commercial sheeting with a of compressing the specimen at a rate of 12.5 to 50 mm/min
mass of approximately 135 g/m2(4 oz/yd2), having approxi- (0.5 to 2 in./min) gently without impact. The machine may be
mately 2.75 ends/mm (70 ends/in.) and 2.36 picks/mm (60 motor- or hand-driven. It shall be equipped with a gage to
picks/in.). The specimens shall be vulcanized in a platen press measure the deflection caused by the increase in load. The rate
under conditions of time and temperature chosen to produce of compression of the specimen is specified rather than the rate
the same state of cure in the standard slabs as in the finished of the compressing platform of the machine. This is an
products they represent. important consideration when scales are used, since sponges of
15.2.2 Where specially prepared standard test slabs of various compression-deflection characteristics will require dif-
expanded rubber are required, they shall be made using the ferent times to compress 25 % due to the travel of the scale
same process that was used for the product to be represented by platform under varying loads.
the test slab. The specimens shall be prepared to have approxi- 18.2 The deflection shall be read on a dial gage graduated in
mately the same density, and shall be vulcanized under 0.02 mm (0.001 in.). No gage is necessary if the machine
conditions of time and temperature chosen to produce the same automatically compresses the specimen 25 %.
state of cure in the standard slabs as in the finished products 19. Test Specimens
they represent.
15.3 Measurements of Test Specimens: 19.1 Standard test specimens can be used for this test.
15.3.1 The length and width shall be measured to 0.5 mm 19.2 Test specimen size may vary provided the indenter foot
(0.02 in.). Care shall be taken not to distort the cellular rubber. of the apparatus used is larger than the sample. Test specimens
15.3.2 Thicknesses up to and including 25.0 mm (1 in.) may be cylindrical or square. They shall be cut so that opposite
shall be measured using a dial-type gage6 having a maximum edges are parallel, either from the finished product in a manner
stem and foot mass of 25 g and a foot 30.0 mm (1.25 in.) in agreed upon between the parties concerned or, as shown in Fig.
diameter. Thicknesses over 25 mm shall be measured using a 1, from standard test slabs or from flat sheets. The thickness of
sliding caliper gage. When a sliding caliper gage is employed, the test specimens may vary, but shall be measured and stated
the gage setting shall be made with the gage out of contact with in the report. The minimum thickness shall be 6.0 mm (0.25
the cellular rubber. The sample shall be passed through the in.). Thin samples may be plied-up to obtain this thickness, or
previously set gage and the proper setting shall be the one in a standard test slab may be used if agreed upon between the
which the measuring faces of the gage contact the surfaces of manufacturer and the purchaser.
the article without compressing it. NOTE 3—In sponge rubbers, using the same compound, thin sections
under 6 mm (0.25 in.) do not blow in the same manner as those over 6 mm.
The thinner sections are usually higher in compression deflection and
density. However, in closed-cell (expanded) rubbers where thin sheet are
6
Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D20- split from thicker sheets there is usually very little difference between the
1198. thin sheet and thicker sheets.

9
 D 1056 – 07
20. Procedure 29. Procedure
20.1 Cellular rubber less than 6 mm (0.250 in.) in thickness 29.1 Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.01 g. Place a
shall be tested by plying up the proper number of plies to noncorrosive screen having 2-mm openings (10-mesh) on the
obtain a thickness as near 12.5 mm (0.50 in.) as possible. bottom of the container. Alternatively place specimens of one
Compress the standard test specimen between the parallel material and screens into the cans. Use one can per material.
metal plates of the machine until the thickness has been Fill the cans with ASTM Reference Fuel B and seal with their
reduced 25 %, and take the reading of the load immediately. lids. Store the cans for 7 days 6 30 minutes at a temperature of
Repeat the test with the same specimen until the load readings 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F). Remove one specimen at a time from
do not change more than 5 %. When repeating the test, do not the test fluid. Without squeezing the specimen, place it on top
re-measure the height of the specimen. The top and bottom of one sheet of paper towel and immediately place a second
plates shall be at least 38 mm (1.5 in.) in diameter. paper towel on top of it. Blot lightly without squeezing, then
remove the top paper towel. Immediately determine the mass
21. Report of the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g.
21.1 The unit load required for the last reading, expressed in
kilopascals (or pounds per square inch), shall be reported as the 30. Calculation
result of the compression-deflection test. 30.1 Calculate the percent change in mass as follows:
22. Precsion and Bias W 5 [~A 2 B!/B] 3 100 (1)
22.1 See Section 68. where:
W = change in mass, %,
OIL-IMMERSION TEST, OPEN-CELL SPONGE A = final mass of specimen, and
(SEE Table 1) B = initial mass of specimen.
23. Scope
31. Report
23.1 This test method determines the fluid resistance (oil) of
a sample (open cell sponge) by means of measuring volume 31.1 The report should include fluid type, time and tempera-
change after a specified immersion time/temperature. ture of test, data from three specimens, and the average of the
three.
24. Test Specimens
24.1 Standard test specimens approximately 12.5 mm (0.50 32. Requirements Requirements
in.) in thickness shall be used for this test. The diameter and 32.1 See Table 1 and Table 2.
thickness shall be measured before and after immersion in the
specified petroleum-base oil for 22 h at 70°C (158°F) and the 33. Precision and Bias
percent change in volume calculated. Three specimens shall be 33.1 See Section 68.
run on each test and the average of the three values reported.
TEST FOR COMPRESSION-DEFLECTION CHANGE
25. Procedure AFTER OVEN AGING
25.1 Follow the procedure of Test Method D 471, using
petroleum base oil No. 3 (IRM 903). 34. Scope
NOTE 4—ASTM 3 oil was discontinued. IRM 903 is a recommended 34.1 This test method determines the heat aging properties
replacement. Results may vary between oils. of a sample by measuring the change in compression deflection
after a specified time/temperature.
FLUID IMMERSION TEST, CLOSED CELL
(EXPANDED) (SEE FOOTNOTE B, Table 2)
35. Test Specimen
26. Scope 35.1 Sample Before Oven Aging—A representative sample,
26.1 This test method determines the fluid resistance (fuel) approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick and a minimum area of
of a sample (closed cell foam) by means of measuring weight 161 cm 2 (25 in.2).
change after a specified immersion time/temperature. 35.2 Specimen Size for Test Method— Standard specimen
size (in accordance with Section 15) shall be a disk 28.00 6
27. Apparatus 0.50 mm (1.10 6 0.02 in.) in diameter and approximately 12.5
27.1 Equipment required are an analytical balance, screens, mm (0.5 in.) thick. For thin materials the disks shall be stacked
ASTM Reference Fuel B (See Test Method D 471), paper to approximately 12.5 mm in height.
towels, and 250-cm3 (8-oz) containers (minimum size).
36. Apparatus
28. Test Specimens 36.1 The air-oven aging test as described in Test Method
28.1 The test specimens shall be 25 by 50 by 6 mm D 573 shall be used for cellular rubber, except that the sample
(nominally 1 by 2 by 0.250 in.). It is preferable that the and test specimen size shall be as described in Section 28. See
specimens be cut with clean, square edges. Section 18 for compression deflection apparatus.

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10
 D 1056 – 07
37. Procedure 45. Calculation
37.1 Cut three standard test specimens out of a larger test 45.1 Calculate the percent change in mass as follows:
sample and place the remaining part of the sample in an oven W 5 [~A 2 B!/B] 3 100 (3)
for 1686 1 h oven aging. Allow to cool for at least 2 but not
more than 24 h and then cut three standard test specimens that where:
are at least 1 in. from any edge or cut surface. Determine W = change in mass, %,
compression deflection (see Section 20). Determine percent A = final mass of specimen, and
change in compression deflection. B = initial mass of specimen.

46. Report
38. Calculation
46.1 Report the following information:
38.1 Express the results as a percentage of the change in
46.1.1 Original and final weights of three specimens,
compression deflection, calculated as follows:
46.1.2 Percent change in weight for each, and
P 5 [~A 2 O!/O] 3 100 (2) 46.1.3 Average percent change for the three specimens.
where: 47. Requirements
P = change in compression deflection, %,
O = original compression deflection, and 47.1 See Table 2.
A = final compression deflection after oven aging.
48. Precision and Bias
39. Report 48.1 See Section 68.
39.1 Report the following information: TEST FOR COMPRESSION SET UNDER CONSTANT
39.1.1 Time and temperature of test, DEFLECTION (CALCULATIONS BASED ON
39.1.2 Original and final compression deflection data, AMOUNT OF DEFLECTION) SUFFIX B (1, 2, 3)
--````````,`,,,`,``,`,`,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

39.1.3 Percent change for three specimens, and

39.1.4 Percent change, average of three specimens. 49. Scope
49.1 This test method determines the recovery properties of
40. Requirements a sample when subjected to a constant deflection for a specified
40.1 See Table 1 and Table 2. time/temperature/deflection by measuring its gage before and
after the test period.
41. Precision and Bias
50. Test Specimens
41.1 See Section 68.
50.1 Standard test specimens shall be used for this test.
WATER ABSORPTION TEST They shall be cut so that opposite edges are parallel, either
from the finished product in a manner agreed upon between the
42. Scope parties concerned or, as shown in Fig. 1, from standard test
slabs or from commercial flat sheets. The thickness of the test
42.1 This test method determines the water absorption
specimens may vary, but shall be measured and stated in the
properties of a closed cell foam by measuring the change in
report. The minimum thickness for open-cell sponge rubber
weight (mass) after a specified immersion period. This test
shall be 6 mm (0.250 in.). These samples of open-cell sponge
method is indirectly a measure of the sample’s cell structure/
rubber may be plied up to obtain this thickness. The minimum
closed cell content. The water absorption test (see Footnote A
thickness for closed-cell expanded rubber shall be 12.5 mm
of Table 2) is applicable to expanded rubber (closed-cell type).
(0.50 in.). The maximum thickness for closed-cell rubber shall
It should not be used on sponge rubber (open-cell type) unless
be 19.05 (0.75 in.). Thin samples of closed-cell expanded
they are completely encased in an added skin.
rubber shall not be plied up to obtain this thickness. Alternative
test specimen sizes may be used for either open-cell sponge or
43. Test Specimens
closed expanded material, if agreed upon between the manu-
43.1 Test specimens approximately 12.5 mm (0.050 in.) in facturer and the purchaser.
thickness and 2500 mm2 (4 in.2) in area shall be used for this
test. Round specimens are preferable. 51. Procedure
51.1 The apparatus and procedure shall be the same as that
44. Procedure prescribed in Method B of Test Methods D 395, except as
44.1 Submerge specimens in distilled water at room tem- follows: For open-cell (sponge) rubber, compress the test
perature (18 to 35°C (65 to 95°F)) 50 mm (2 in.) below the specimens to 50 % of their original thicknesses. Release the
surface of the water, and reduce the pressure above the water to load at the end of 22 h 6 30 minutes and measure the thickness
17 kPa (2.5 psi) absolute for 3 min. Release the vacuum, and after a 30-min rest at room temperature. For closed-cell
allow the specimen to remain submerged for 3 min at atmo- (expanded) rubber, compress the test specimens to 50 % 6 1 %
spheric pressure. Remove the specimen, blot dry, and calculate of their original thicknesses. Release the load at the end of 22
the percent change in mass. h 6 30 minutes and measure the thickness after 24 h at room

11
 D 1056 – 07
temperature. In both cases (open-cell sponge and closed-cell 59. Procedure
expanded rubber) measure the thickness as described in 15.3.2. 59.1 Place three test specimens and mandrel in a low
The temperature of the test for open-cell (sponge) rubber shall temperature chamber for 5 6 0.25 h at − 40°C
be 70 6 2°C (158 6 3.6°F), except for Class 1D rubbers. The (−40°F), − 55°C (−67°F), or − 75°C (−103°F) as specified by
temperature of the test for closed-cell (expanded) rubber shall the suffix letter and number.
be 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F), except for Class 2D rubber. For 59.2 At the end of the test period open the cold box and
Class 1D and 2D rubber, the temperature of the test shall be bend the specimen 180° around the mandrel taking no longer
100 6 1°C (212 6 1.8°F). The time of the test shall be as than 2 to 3 s to perform the bend. If there are multiple samples,
specified. Chromium-plated metal plates are not required. bend and record results as soon as possible to maintain
Aluminum plates or any stiff plates that are clean and smooth, temperature to within 65°C of set temperature.
and that will not deflect measurably under the load necessary
for deflection of the specimen, may be used. 60. Report
52. Calculation 60.1 Report the following information:
60.1.1 Whether the sample showed any indication of crack-
52.1 Calculate percent compression set as follows:
ing or if it was still pliable. All specimens must show no signs
compression set, % 5 [~t 0 2 t1!/~t0 2 t s!# 3 100 (4) of cracking.
where:
t0 = original thickness, TEST FOR DENSITY
t1 = thickness of specimen after specified recovery period, SUFFIX W
and
ts = thickness of spacer bar used. 61. Scope
61.1 Density Calculation (Suffıx W)— This test method
53. Report describes the procedure for determining the density by calcu-
53.1 Report the following information: lation from the mass and volume of a specimen.
53.1.1 Duration and temperature of oven exposure,
53.1.2 Original and final thickness for three specimens, 62. Test Specimen
53.1.3 Percent set for each specimen, and 62.1 Representative specimens of regular shape not less
53.1.4 Average percent set for the specimens. than 16 cm3 (1 in.3) in volume shall be cut from the sample to
53.1.5 Specimen size, if different than standard. be tested.
54. Requirements 63. Procedure
54.1 See Table 1 and Table 2. 63.1 Weigh the specimen on a balance or scale graduated to
55. Precision and Bias permit weighing within 61 % of the mass to be measured.
63.2 Determine the volume of the specimen to within 61 %
55.1 See Section 68.
of the sample either by direct measurement or volume displace-
LOW-TEMPERATURE FLEX TEST ment.
SUFFIX F1, − 40 6 1°C (−40 6 2°F)
SUFFIX F2, − 55 6 1°C (−67 6 2°F) 64. Calculation
SUFFIX F3, − 75 6 1°C (−103 6 2°F) 64.1 Calculate the density as follows:
56. Scope density, kg/m3 5 A/B (5)
56.1 This test is to determine the brittleness of cellular where:
rubber at low temperatures. A = mass of specimen, kg, and
B = volume of specimen, m3.
57. Apparatus
NOTE 5—To convert this value to lb/ft3 multiply by 0.0624.
57.1 A low-temperature chamber capable of − 75°C
(−103°F) that can be accurately controlled for low tempera- 65. Report
tures. If the box is cooled by dry ice, the specimen should not
65.1 Report the following information:
make direct contact with gaseous CO2. This chamber must be
65.1.1 Mass, volume, and density of each specimen as well
large enough to permit the bending of the test piece while it is
as the average value.
still in the box.
57.2 Mandrel diameter shall be approximately 4 times the
66. Requirements
sample thickness.
66.1 To be determined between the supplier and the pur-
58. Test Specimens chaser.
58.1 The test specimens shall be 50 6 10 mm (2 6 0.5 in.)
wide by 140 6 10 mm (6 6 0.5 in.) long by 3 mm (0.125 in.) 67. Precision and Bias
to 12.5 mm (0.50 in.) thick. 67.1 See Section 68.
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12
 D 1056 – 07
PRECISION AND BIAS TABLE 6 Compression Set in Accordance with Specification
D 1056, Sections 49-55
68. Precision and Bias NOTE 1—Values expressed in percent.
68.1 Precision and bias for Specification D 1056 are based NOTE 2—Data based on results from 12 laboratories.
on a round robin study conducted in 1996/1997 in accordance Mate- x̄ (aver-
SrA SRB rC RD
rial age)
with Practice E 691, involving three materials tested by 14
laboratories. For each material, all the samples were prepared C 20.02 0.60 3.28 1.87 9.18
B 20.06 0.92 3.69 2.57 10.34
at one source, but the individual specimens were prepared at A 38.68 0.67 3.43 1.87 9.60
the laboratories that tested them. Each test result was the
average of three individual determinations. Each laboratory A
Sr = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is
obtained two test results for each material. The number of data obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results
from all of the participating laboratories, as follows:
points for each test varied because not all laboratories were
Sr 5 [@~S1!2 1 ~S 2!2 ... 1 ~Sn!2#/n]1 / 2
able to participate in each test. The data obtained and the B
SR = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation,
number of laboratories participating in each test is indicated in as follows:
Tables 5-10. SR 5 [~Sr! 2 1 ~SL!2#1 / 2
where SL = standard deviation of laboratory means.
C
NOTE 6—Caution: The explanations of r and R (68.2-68.2.2) are only r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 3 Sr.
D
intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR.
precision of this test method. The data should not be applied to acceptance
or rejection of materials, as these data apply only to the materials listed in TABLE 7 Water Absorption in Accordance with Specification
the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative of other D 1056, Sections 42-48
lots, formulations, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test
method should apply the principles outlined in Practice E 691 to generate NOTE 1—Values expressed in percent.
data specific to their materials and laboratory (or between specific NOTE 2—Data based on results from 7 laboratories.
laboratories). Mate- x̄ (aver-
SrA SRB rC RD
rial age)
68.2 Concept of r and R in Tables 5-10—If S r and SR have
C 0.96 0.05 0.33 0.13 0.93
been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test B 1.44 0.08 0.74 0.22 2.08
results that were averages from testing three specimens for A 5.99 0.21 4.45 0.58
12.47
each test result, then the following applies:
A
68.2.1 Repeatability—Two test results obtained within one Sr = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is
obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results
laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more from all of the participating laboratories, as follows:
than the r value for that material (r is the interval representing Sr 5 [@~S1!2 1 ~S 2!2 ... 1 ~Sn!2#/n]1 / 2
the critical difference between the two test results for the same B
SR = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation,
as follows:
material, obtained by the same operator using the same
SR 5 [~Sr! 2 1 ~SL!2#1 / 2
equipment on the same day in the same laboratory). where SL = standard deviation of laboratory means.
68.2.2 Reproducibility—Two test results obtained by differ- C
r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 3 Sr.
D
ent laboratories shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR.

more than the R value for that material (R is the interval

representing the critical difference between two test results for TABLE 8 Density in Accordance with Specification D 1056,
Sections 61-67
the same material, obtained by different operators, using
different equipment in different laboratories). NOTE 1—Values expressed in kg/m3.
NOTE 2—Data based on results from 9 laboratories.
Mate- x̄ (aver-
TABLE 5 Compression–Deflection in Accordance with SrA SRB rC RD
rial age)
Specification D 1056, Sections 17-22
C 69.17 1.42 4.12 3.98 11.53
NOTE 1— Values expressed in units of kPa. B 144.09 4.63 9.05 12.97 25.33
A 201.01 1.35 6.98 3.77 19.54
NOTE 2— Data based on results from 14 laboratories.
Mate- x̄ (aver-
SrA SRB rC RD A
Sr = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is
rial age)
obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results
C 30.84 0.88 4.48 2.45 12.55 from all of the participating laboratories, as follows:
B 43.36 1.19 4.51 3.32 12.62 Sr 5 [@~S1!2 1 ~S 2!2 ... 1 ~Sn!2#/n]1 / 2
A 104.11 1.95 12.64 5.47 35.38 B
SR = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation,
as follows:
A
Sr = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is SR 5 [~Sr! 2 1 ~SL!2#1 / 2
obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results where SL = standard deviation of laboratory means.
C
from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 3 Sr.
D
Sr 5 [@~S1!2 1 ~S 2!2 ... 1 ~Sn!2#/n]1 / 2 R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR.
B
SR = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation,
as follows: 68.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with Tables 5-10 would
SR 5 [~Sr! 2 1 ~SL!2#1 / 2 have an approximate 95 % (0.9) probability of being correct.
where SL = standard deviation of laboratory means.
C
r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 3 Sr. 68.3 Bias—There are no recognized standards by which to
D
R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR. estimate bias for these test methods.
--````````,`,,,`,``,`,`,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

13
 D 1056 – 07
TABLE 9 Change in Compression Deflection after Oven Aging in TABLE 10 Fluid Immersion in Accordance with Specification
Accordance with Specification D 1056, Sections 34-41 D 1056, Sections 26-33
NOTE 1—Values expressed in percent. NOTE 1—Values expressed in percent.
NOTE 2—Data based on results from 11 laboratories. NOTE 2—Data based on results from 11 laboratories.
Mate- x̄ (aver- Mate- x̄ (aver-
SrA SRB rC RD SrA SRB rC RD
rial age) rial age)
C −5.17 2.12 4.46 5.93 12.47 C 113.15 3.60 21.61 10.07 60.52
B −8.44 3.61 5.60 0.83 15.93 B 153.46 5.54 28.82 15.51 80.70
A 21.95 4.28 6.33 11.97 17.71 A 250.21 11.02 36.36 30.85 101.82

A A
Sr = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is Sr = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is
obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results
from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: from all of the participating laboratories, as follows:
Sr 5 [@~S1!2 1 ~S 2!2 ... 1 ~Sn!2#/n]1 / 2 Sr 5 [@~S1!2 1 ~S 2!2 ... 1 ~Sn!2#/n]1 / 2
B B
SR = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, SR = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation,
as follows: as follows:
SR 5 [~Sr! 2 1 ~SL!2#1 / 2 SR 5 [~Sr! 2 1 ~SL!2#1 / 2
where SL = standard deviation of laboratory means. where SL = standard deviation of laboratory means.
C C
r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 3 Sr. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 3 Sr.
D D
R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR. R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 SR.

69. Keywords
69.1 expanded rubber; flexible cellular; sponge

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CROSS REFERENCE TABLES

TABLE X1.1 Cross Reference to Previous Versions of Specification D 1056

NOTE 1—Example: Grade 1A1C1F1 denotes soft sponge rubber containing natural, reclaimed, synthetic or blends of these rubbers with a compression
deflection value of 14 to 35 kPa (2 to 5 psi), having no specific solvent or oil resistance and requiring in addition to the basic tests, a weather resistance
test run in accordance with Test Method D 1171, Ozone Chamber Exposure, Method A, and a low-temperature test at –40°C (–40°F).
D 1056–68 D 1056–73 D 1056–77 D 1056–85
RE 41 BF1 RE 41 BF1 RE 41 B2F1 2A1 B2F1
SBE 43 BCF2 RE 43 BCE2F2 RE 43 B2C1E2F2 2B3 B2C1F2
SCE 42 RE 42 E1 RE 42 E1 2C2
SBO 12 BF1 SBO 12 BF1 SBO 12 B1F1 1B2 B1F1
SCO 13 CF2 SCO 13 CF2 SCO 13 C2F2 1C3 C2F2

TABLE X1.2 Cross-Reference of Specification D 1056 versus MIL–STD–670B

NOTE 1—Reference Mil Std. 670B Notice 1—April 14, 1986.

D 1056 MIL-STD-670B D 1056 MIL-STD-670B
Grade Numbers Grade Numbers Grade Numbers Grade Numbers
RO 10 RO 1 RE 41 SBE 3
RO 11 RO 3 RE 42 SBE 7
RO 12 RO 7 RE 43 SBE 11
RO 13 RO 11 RE 44 SBE 15
RO 14 RO 15 RE 45 SBE 20
RO 15 RO 20
SBO 10 SBO 1 RE 41 SCE 3
SBO 11 SBO 3 RE 42 SCE 7
SBO 12 SBO 7 RE 43 SCE 11
SBO 13 SBO 11 RE 44 SCE 15
SBO 14 SBO 15 RE 45 SCE 20
SBO 15 SBO 20
SCO 10 SCO 1 TO 11 TO 3
SCO 11 SCO 3 TO 12 TO 7

--````````,`,,,`,``,`,`,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

14
 D 1056 – 07

D 1056 MIL-STD-670B D 1056 MIL-STD-670B

Grade Numbers Grade Numbers Grade Numbers Grade Numbers
SCO 12 SCO 7 TO 13 TO 12
SCO 13 SCO 11 TO 14 TO 18
SCO 14 SCO 15 TO 15 TO 25
SCO 15 SCO 20
RE 41 RE 3 TE 41 TE 3
RE 42 RE 7 TE 42 TE 7
RE 43 RE 11 TE 44 TE 12
RE 44 RE 15 TE 45 TE 18
RE 45 RE 20 TE 25

TABLE X1.3 Specification D 1056 Equivalency Cross-Reference Chart for Years as Noted
1965 1967T 1968 1973 1978 1985 1991 1996
Type R Type R Class A Non Oil
Non-Oil Resistance General Purpose Resistant
G RE41 RE41 RE41 RE41 RE41 2A1 2A1 2A1
R RE42 RE42 RE42 RE42 RE42 2A2 2A2 2A2
A RE43 RE43 RE43 RE43 RE43 2A3 2A3 2A3
D RE44 RE44 RE44 RE44 RE44 2A4 2A4 2A4
E RE45 RE45 RE45 RE45 RE45 2A5 2A5* 2A5
All types and classes
listed as RE
Type S, Class SB Class B Oil Resistant
Oil Resistant - Low Mass Change Low Mass Change
G SBE41 SBE41 SBE41@ No Type S 2B1 2B1 2B1
R SBE42 SBE42 SBE42@ No Class SB 2B2 2B2 2B2
A SBE43 SBE43 SBE43@ Use Suffix E2 2B3 2B3 2B3
D SBE44 SBE44 SBE44@ Densities under 2B4 2B4 2B4
E SBE45 SBE45 SBE45@ 160 Kg/m3 100 % Allowed 2B5 2B5* 2B5
(10 lbs/ft3)
Type S, Class SC Class C Oil Resistant
Oil Resistant - Medium Mass Change Medium Mass Change
G SCE41 SCE41 SCE41@ No Type S 2C1 2C1 2C1
R SCE42 SCE42 SCE42@ No Class SC 2C2 2C2 2C2
A SCE43 SCE43 SCE43@ Use Suffix E1 2C3 2C3 2C3
D SCE44 SCE44 SCE44@ Densities under 2C4 2C4 2C4
E SCE45 SCE45 SCE45@ 160 Kg/m3 250 % Allowed 2C5 2C5* 2C5
(10 lbs/ft3)
Compression Set Suffix Suffix Suffix Suffix Suffix Rqmt. Suffix Suffix Suffix
Only a Suffix Rqmt. Rqmt. Rqmt. Rqmt. B2 added RT Rqmt. Rqmt. Rqmt.
Requirement As Same as Old Listed Listed Listed
Noted “B” as B as B as B
Suffix B - 25 % Max. Should Should Should
say B2 say B2 say B2

Oil/Fuel Immersion Suffix Suffix Basic Rqmt. Suffix Requirement Basic Rqmt. Basic Rqmt. Basic Rqmt.
Basic Rqmt. or Suffix Rqmt. Rqmt. R Can’t be for E1 and E2 2B 50 % 2B 50 % 2B 50 %
Requirement As Noted Type R Type R SBE or SCE & 100 % & 100 % & 100 %
Suffix E1 E2 Can be Can be SBE 50 % No SCE or SBE 2C 150 % 2C 150 % 2C 150 %
called called SCE 150 % & 250 % & 250 % & 250 %
SBE SBE 1st time
& SCE & SCE Fuel B

Compression deflection
* Range Changed from 24 to 25 Max. T = Temporary --````````,`,,,`,``,`,`,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

@ No Allowance for densities under 160 Kg/m3(10 lbs/ft3)

15
 D 1056 – 07
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D 1056 - 00) that may impact the use of this standard. (March 1, 2007)

(1) Revised 50.1 and 51.1; and added 53.1.5 under “Compres- (3) Revised 27.1 to add reference to D 471 for ASTM Refer-
sion Set” heading. ence Fuel B.

--````````,`,,,`,``,`,`,`````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(2) Revised Table 3 by adding test method for Suffix G; adding (4) Revised 20.1 to clarify that height of specimen shall not be
K1 requirement; and clarifying rating methods for Suffixes C1, remeasured when test method is repeated with the same
C2, and C3. specimen until change is less than 5 %.

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16