DR.

RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW

UNIVERSITY

ENGLISH-II

BOOK REVIEW – ―THE GREAT GATSBY‖

Submitted By- Submitted To-

Siddhartha Rao Dr (Mrs) Alka Singh,

200101139 Assistant Professor(English)
BA-LLB Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya
2st semester(sec-B) National Law University,Lucknow
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have put in effort in this project. However, it would not

have been possible without the kind support of many
individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Dr. Alka Singh for her guidance
and constant supervision as well as for providing
information regarding the project and also for their
support in completing the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents
and member of their cooperation and encouragement that
helped me in completing this project.
I would also like to express my special gratitude and
thanks to the faculty for giving me such attention and
time.
My thanks and appreciation also goes to my fellow batch
mates in developing the project and the people who
helped me out with the best of their ability.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project titled ― Book Review

:The Great Gatsby‖ submitted by me to Dr Ram Manohar
Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow in partial
fulfillment required for the award of the degree of
BA.LLB (Hons.) is a record of bonafide project work
carried out by me under the guidance of Dr Alka Singh (
Assistant Professor, Dept. of English).

I further report that the work reported in the project has

not been submitted, and will not be submitted either in
part or in full, for award of any other degree or diploma in
this institute or any other institute or university.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………5

ABOUT THE AUTHOR………………………………………………………..6

MAJOR CHARACTERS……………………………………………………….7

STORYLINE…………………………………………………………………...8-9

THEMES………………………………………………………………………...10-11

CRITICISM……………………………………………………………………...11

BACKGROUND………………………………………………………………..12

SYMBOLS………………………………………………………………………13

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….14-15

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………….15
INTRODUCTION

The Great Gatsby is a novel written in 1925 by the American author F. Fitzgerald. Set
on Long Island in the Jazz Age, the novel portrays the relationships of narrator Nick
Carraway with the enigmatic millionaire Jay Gatsby and Gatsby's fascination with his
former lover, Daisy Buchanan.
The novel was inspired by a youthful romance with a socialite that Fitzgerald had, and by
parties he attended on the North Shore of Long Island in 1922. Nick Carraway spends a
summer living in a cheap rental house surrounded by lavish mansions on Long Island in
the 1920s. Among his neighbors are his beautiful cousin Daisy, her husband Tom, and
her former lover, Jay Gatsby, whose history and epic parties are fodder for gossip. Nick
becomes caught up in the machinery of more than one romantic triangle in the novel.
He completed a rough draft in 1924, following a move to the French Riviera. Fitzgerald
was ambivalent about the book's title and considered a variety of alternatives, despite
being pleased with the content of the text after revision. Under the Red, White, and Blue
was the final title he was documented to have wished for.
The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews from literary critics following its publication
by Scribner's in April 1925, who believed that it did not hold up to the previous writing
of Fitzgerald and thus marked the end of the literary achievements of the author. As such,
Gatsby sold poorly, and although Fitzgerald believed that his work was not interpreted
correctly by negative criticisms of the novel, he believed himself to be a failure when the
author died in 1940, and his work was forgotten. However, the novel underwent a critical
and scholarly re-examination during World War II, and it soon became a core part of
most American high school curriculum and a focus of popular American culture.
Gatsby keeps attracting popular and academic attention. The novel was most recently
adapted by director Baz Luhrmann for film in 2013, while modern scholars emphasize
the novel's treatment of social class, inherited wealth compared to self-made people, race,
ecology, and its cynical attitude toward the American dream. Criticisms, as with other
Fitzgerald works, include allegations of antisemitism. The Great Gatsby is widely
regarded as a masterwork of literature and a contender for the Great American Novel's
title.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was an American novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and short-
story writer (September 24, 1896–December 21, 1940). He was best known for his novels
depicting the Jazz Age's flamboyance and excess, a term he popularized. He published
four novels during his lifetime, four short story collections, and 164 short stories.
Although in the 1920s he temporarily achieved popular success and fortune, after his
death, Fitzgerald only received broad critical and popular acclaim. He is widely regarded
as one of the 20th century's greatest American writers.
In St. Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was born into an upper-middle-class family, but was
primarily raised in New York. He attended Princeton University, but he dropped out in
1917 to join the Army because of a failed relationship and a concern for writing. He fell
in love with the rich socialite Zelda Sayre while he was stationed in Alabama. Although
she initially rejected him due to his financial situation, after he had published the
commercially successful This Side of Paradise, Zelda agreed to marry Fitzgerald.
Fitzgerald frequented Europe in the 1920s, where he was influenced by the modernist
writers and artists of the expatriate community of the Lost Generation, especially Ernest
Hemingway. He was propelled into the New York City elite by his second novel, The
Beautiful and Damned. He also wrote several stories for magazines in order to maintain
his lifestyle during this time. The Great Gatsby, his third novel, was inspired by his rise
to fame and his relationship with Zelda. The Great Gatsby is now widely praised,
although it received mixed reviews, with some even labelling it the 'Great American
Novel.' Fitzgerald completed his final novel, Tender is the Night, while Zelda was placed
at a mental institute for her schizophrenia.
Fitzgerald turned to Hollywood, writing and revising screenplays in the face of financial
difficulties due to the declining popularity of his works. He died in 1940, after a long
struggle with alcoholism, at the age of 44. Edmund Wilson completed a fifth, unfinished
novel, The Last Tycoon (1941), and published it after Fitzgerald's death.
MAJOR CHARACTERS

NICK CARRAWAY- A Midwest graduate from Yale University, a veteran of World

War I, and, at the beginning of the plot, a newly arrived West Egg resident, 29 years of
age (later 30). He also functions as the novel's first-person narrator. He's a next-door
neighbour of Gatsby's and a bond salesman. He is easy-going, occasionally sarcastic, and
somewhat optimistic, although as the novel progresses, this latter quality fades.
Ultimately, he despairs of Eastern life's decadence and indifference and chooses to return
to the West.
JAY GATSBY- A young, mysterious millionaire, originally from North Dakota, with
shady business links. He met the love of his life, the beautiful debutante Daisy Buchanan,
during World War I, when he was a young military officer stationed at the U.S. Army's
Camp Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky. After the end of the war, Gatsby is also said to
have briefly studied at Trinity College, Oxford in England. .
DAISY BUCHANAN- An attractive, though shallow and self-absorbed, young
debutante and socialite, identified as a flapper. She was Nick's second cousin, once
removed, and Tom Buchanan's wife. Daisy had a romantic relationship with Gatsby
before she married Tom. One of the central conflicts in the novel is her choice between
Gatsby and Tom.
TOM BUCHANAN- A millionaire living in East Egg, and a husband of Daisy's. With a
"husky tenor" voice and arrogant attitude, Tom is an imposing man of muscular
construction. At Yale University, he was a football star. Buchanan and William Mitchell,
the Chicagoan who married Ginevra King, have parallels. Buchanan and Mitchell were
both Chicagoans, with an interest in polo. Buchanan attended Yale, like Ginevra's dad,
whom Fitzgerald resented, and is a white supremacist.
JORDAN BAKER- An amateur golfer and a long-time friend of Daisy Buchanan's with
a sarcastic streak and an aloof attitude. For most of the novel, she is Nick's girlfriend,
although they grow apart toward the end. Due to rumours that she had cheated in a
tournament, which harmed her reputation socially and as a golfer, she has a slightly shady
reputation.
GEORGE WILSON- A mechanic and a garage owner. He is disliked by both his wife,
Myrtle Wilson, and Tom Buchanan, who describes him as "so dumb he doesn't know he's
alive." He kills Gatsby at the end of the novel, mistakenly believing that he was driving
the car that killed Myrtle, and then kills himself.
MYRTLE WILSON- The wife of George, and the mistress of Tom Buchanan. Myrtle is
desperate to find refuge from her disappointing marriage, which has a fierce vitality. She
gets killed by Gatsby's car accidentally, as she thinks Tom is still driving and is running
after it (driven by Daisy, though Gatsby takes the blame for the accident).
STORYLINE

Nick Carraway, a Yale alumnus from the Midwest and a Great War veteran, travelled
east to New York City in the spring of 1922 to obtain employment as a bond salesman. In
the Long Island village of West Egg, he rents a bungalow next to a luxury estate
inhabited by Jay Gatsby, an enigmatic multi-millionaire who hosts dazzling evenings but
doesn't take part in them.
One evening, Nick is dining in the fashionable town of East Egg with his distant relative,
Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is married to former Yale football star Tom Buchanan, whom
Nick knew during his college days. The couple recently moved from Chicago, directly
across the bay from Gatsby's estate, to a colonial mansion. Nick encounters Jordan Baker
at their mansion, an insolent flapper and golf champion who is Daisy's childhood friend.
Jordan tells Nick that Tom is keeping a mistress, Myrtle Wilson, who calls him brazenly
at home and lives in the "valley of ashes" That evening, Nick sees Gatsby standing on his
lawn alone, staring across the bay at a green light.
Days later, Nick accompanies a drunken and agitated Tom reluctantly by train to New
York City. On the way, they stop in the garage where mechanic George Wilson and his
wife Myrtle live. Myrtle joins them, and the trio moves on to the small New York
apartment Tom rented with her for a tryst. Guests arrive, and a party ensues that ends
after she mentions Daisy, with Tom slapping Myrtle and breaking her nose.
Nick receives a formal invitation to a party at Gatsby's mansion one morning. Nick is
embarrassed once there that he recognizes nobody and starts drinking heavily until he
meets Jordan. He is approached by a man while chatting with her, who introduces himself
as Jay Gatsby and insists that both he and Nick served during the war in the 3rd Infantry
Division. Gatsby attempts to ingratiate himself with Nick and he notices Gatsby watching
him when Nick leaves the party.
Nick and Gatsby have lunch at a speakeasy in late July. Gatsby is trying to impress Nick
with stories of his war heroism and Oxford days. Then at the Plaza Hotel, Nick meets
Jordan. She showed that Gatsby and Daisy had been meeting in the American
Expeditionary Forces around 1917 when Gatsby was an officer. They fell in love, but
Daisy married Tom unwillingly when Gatsby was deployed abroad. Gatsby expects
Daisy to reconsider his new wealth and shimmering parties. Gatsby uses Nick to meet
Daisy and the two start a sexual business.
Tom discovers the affair in September when Daisy carelessly addresses Gatsby in front
of him with unabashed intimacy. Gatsby and Tom argue about the affair later, in a Plaza
Hotel suite. Gatsby insists that Daisy should declare that Tom had never loved her. She
loves Tom and Gatsby, Daisy claims, upsetting both. Gatsby is a swindler whose money
comes from bootlegging alcohol, Tom reveals. Daisy chooses to stay with Tom upon
hearing this. Tom tells Gatsby scornfully to drive her home, knowing that Daisy is never
going to leave him.
Gatsby and Daisy drive by Wilson's garage while returning to East Egg and their car
accidentally strikes Tom's mistress, Myrtle, killing her instantly. Gatsby reveals to Nick
that the car was driven by Daisy, but that he wants to take the blame for the accident in
order to protect her. To avoid prosecution, Nick urges Gatsby to flee, but he refuses.
After Tom tells George that Gatsby owns the car that hit Myrtle, a distraught George
assumes that Myrtle's paramour must be the owner of the vehicle. George shoots Gatsby
fatally in the swimming pool of his mansion, then commits suicide.
A few days after the murder of Gatsby, his father, Henry Gatz, arrives for a sparsely-
attended funeral. Nick comes to hate New York after Gatsby's death and decides that
Gatsby, Daisy, Tom, and he were all Westerners who were unsuited to Eastern life. Nick
encounters Tom and refuses to shake his hand initially. Tom confesses that he was the
one who told George that the vehicle that killed Myrtle was owned by Gatsby. Nick
returns one last time to Gatsby's mansion before returning to the Midwest, staring across
the bay at the green light emanating from the end of Daisy's dock.
THEMES

THE AMERICAN DREAM

Later critical writings on The Great Gatsby concentrated on Fitzgerald's disillusionment
with the American dream in the context of the hedonistic Jazz Age following the revival
of the novel. Scholar Roger L. Pearson asserted in 1970 that the work of Fitzgerald, more
so than other novels of the twentieth century, is particularly linked to this
conceptualization of the American dream. Pearson traced Colonial America to the literary
origins of this particular dream. This dream "is the belief that every man, whatever his
origins, may pursue and attain his chosen goals, be they political, monetary, or social. It
is the literary expression of the concept of America: The land of opportunity."
POSITION OF WOMEN
Despite the newfound societal freedoms achieved by flappers in the 1920s, the work of
Fitzgerald nonetheless critically examines the continuing constraints during this period on
women's agency. In this context, although early critics considered Daisy's character to be
a "monster of bitchery," later scholars such as Leland S. Person, Jr. asserted that the
character of Daisy exemplifies the marginalization of women in Fitzgerald's elite social
milieu. Person, writing in 1978, noted that Daisy is more of a hapless victim than a victim
of manipulation. She is the first target of the callous domination of Tom and the next
target of the dehumanizing adoration of Gatsby. At the centre of Gatsby's unrealistic
quest to be steadfast to a youthful conception of himself, she involuntarily becomes the
holy grail. Daisy is reduced to a trophy wife or a glorified ornament in the ensuing
contest of wills between Tom and Gatsby, whose sole existence is to increase the socio-
economic success of her possessor.
WHITE SUPREMACY
Every scholar has written about the treatment of race and displacement in the novel; in
particular, a perceived threat posed by new immigrants to America, causing concerns
about the loss of socio-economic status. Tom Buchanan, the antagonist of the novel,
claims in one instance that he, Nick, and Jordan are racially superior Nordics and
denounces immigration and advocates white supremacy. Fitzgerald intended a fictional
book alluded to by Tom, The Rise of the Coloured Empires by Goddard, to be a parody
of The Rising Tide of Colour by Lothrop Stoddard, which was a bestseller in the 1920s.
Stoddard cautioned that immigration would alter the racial composition of America and
destroy the nation.
CLASS SYSTEM
Although scholars provide different explanations for the continuation of class differences
in the United States, there is a consensus in conveying its underlying permanence
regarding the message of the novel. Although Gatsby's fundamental conflict occurs
between entrenched socio-economic power sources and upstarts such as Gatsby who
threaten their interests, Fitzgerald's novel demonstrates that despite the capitalist
economy of the country that prizes innovation and adaptability, a class permanence
persists. Dianne Bechtel argues that, to illustrate that class transcends wealth in America,
Fitzgerald plotted the novel. Although poorer Americans become wealthy, they remain
inferior to those Americans with "old money".
ENVIRONMENT
Gatsby's technological and environmental criticisms seek to place the novel and its
characters in a broader context of history. In The Machine in the Garden, Leo Marx
argued in 1964 that the work of Fitzgerald shows a tension between a complex pastoral
ideal of a bygone America and the societal changes caused by industrialization and
machine technology. Specifically, the valley of the ashes is a man-made wasteland that is
a by-product of the industrialization that made the booming lifestyle of Gatsby, including
his car, possible. Marx claims that through Nick, Fitzgerald expresses a pastoral desire
that is typical of other American writers of the 1920s, such as William Faulkner and
Ernest Hemingway. Although such writers cherish the pastoral ideal, they accept that this
ideal has been deprived of almost all meaning by technological progress. The repudiation
of the East by Nick in this context represents a futile attempt to withdraw into nature. Yet
any technological demarcation between East and West has vanished, as Fitzgerald's work
shows, and one cannot escape into a pastoral past.

CRITICISM

By using Jewish stereotypes, the Great Gatsby has been accused of displaying anti-
Semitism. The book describes Meyer Wolfsheim, a character based on Arnold Rothstein,
a Jewish gambler, as "a small, flat-nosed Jew" with "tiny eyes" and "two fine growths of
hair" in his nostrils. His nose is described as "expressive" "tragic" and capable of "flash
indignantly." Wolfsheim was also interpreted as representing the Jewish miser stereotype,
a corrupt profiteer who assisted Gatsby's bootlegging operations and manipulated the
World Series. The author of Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopaedia of Prejudice and
Persecution, Richard Levy, argues that Wolfsheim serves to connect Jewishness with
corruption.
Milton Hindus, an assistant professor of humanities at the University of Chicago, stated
in a 1947 article for Commentary that while he believed the book was "excellent" on
balance, Wolfsheim was its most abrasive character, and the work reads similar to "an
anti-Semitic document‖. Nevertheless, Hindus argued that Wolfsheim's Jewish
stereotypes were typical of the time period in which the anti-Semitic document was
presented.
A 2015 article by essayist Arthur Krystal agreed with Hindus' assessment that the use of
Jewish caricatures by Fitzgerald was not driven by malice and merely reflected the
beliefs of his time that were commonly held.
BACKGROUND

The Great Gatsby provides a critical social history of Prohibition-era America during the
Jazz Age, set on the prosperous Long Island of 1922. That period is fully rendered in the
fictional narrative of Fitzgerald, known for its jazz music, economic prosperity, flapper
culture, libertine mores, rebellious youth, and omnipresent speakeasies. Fitzgerald uses
many of these social developments of the 1920s to tell his story, from simple details such
as car petting to broader themes such as the discreet allusions of Fitzgerald to bootlegging
as the source of the fortune of Gatsby.
In the historical context of "the most raucous, gaudy era in U.S. history," which "raced
along under its own power, served by great filling stations full of money," Fitzgerald
educates his readers about the hedonistic society of the Jazz Age by placing a related
plotline. In the eyes of Fitzgerald, the 1920s represented a morally permissive time when
Americans of all ages became disillusioned.
Throughout The Great Gatsby, different events in Fitzgerald's youth are reflected.
Fitzgerald was a young Minnesota Midwesterner, and he was educated at the Ivy League
school, Princeton, like the novel's narrator, who went to Yale. The 19-year-old Fitzgerald
met Ginevra King while at Princeton, a 16-year-old socialite with whom he fell in love.
However, due to his lower-class status, Ginevra's family discouraged Fitzgerald's pursuit
of their daughter, and her father allegedly told the young Fitzgerald that "poor boys
shouldn't think of marrying rich girls."
Fitzgerald, rejected as a suitor because of his lack of financial prospects, joined the U.S.
Army and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He was stationed in Montgomery,
Alabama, at Camp Sheridan, where he met Zelda Sayre, a lively 17-year-old Southern
beauty. Zelda agreed to marry him, but until it could prove a financial success, her
parents ended their engagement. Fitzgerald is therefore similar to Jay Gatsby in that,
while a military officer stationed far from home, he fell in love and then sought success
to prove himself to the woman he loved.
Fitzgerald married Zelda and moved to New York after his success as a novelist and as a
short story writer. In the exclusive Long Island social milieu, he found his new affluent
lifestyle to be both seductive and repulsive at the same time. Like Gatsby, Fitzgerald had
always exalted the rich and was driven by his love for a woman who symbolized all he
wanted, even as he was guided to a lifestyle he loathed.
SYMBOLS

MYRTLES APARTMENT
Myrtle's Manhattan apartment isn't simply a place for her to host parties, but it also
stands for her ambitions to leave her working-class life behind. More globally, it stands
for the vulgar approximation of the upper class that the East Egg crowd scorns and
mocks.
PEARL NECKLACE
The ridiculously expensive pearl necklace Tom gives Daisy before their wedding. He
means it to be symbolic of his love for her, but it is also clearly a symbol of the way he
uses his wealth to control other people (something he will later do with Myrtle).
OUTSTRETCHED ARMS
One of Gatsby's most defining characteristics is his striving drive to attain Daisy's love
and a position in the upper class—basically, a life that's just out of reach. His habitual
gesture of reaching for the ungraspable symbolizes this trait.
BODY TRAITS
Myrtle's graphic corpse which speaks to the many ways her body is mistreated, or Daisy's
siren-like voice, which points to the way Gatsby sees her more as a mythically desirable
prize than as a real live person, body parts are meaningful.
THE VALLEY OF ASHES
The phrase "the valley of ashes" connects to the Biblical "the valley of the shadow of
death" found in Psalm 23. In the psalm, this terrifying place is made safe by the presence
of God. But in the novel, the valley has no divine presence or higher moral authority.
Instead, the ashes point to the inexorable march toward death and dissolution, linking this
valley with the Anglican burial services reminder that the body is "ashes to ashes, dust to
dust." Even when George tries to sense a divine presence through the eyes of Doctor T.J.
Eckleburg, the fact that no one else is impacted by this billboard's inanimate presence
ultimately dooms George as well.
ECKLEBURGS EYES
Like Gatsby, who is also compared to "the advertisement of the man", the billboard is a
sham representation of a deeper idea. People want to read God or at least an overseeing
presence into it, but, in the end, they are simply externalizing their anxiety about the
moral vacuum at the centre of their world.
THE GREEN LIGHT
The light stands for Gatsby's dreams, hopes, and desires to reunite with Daisy and
recapitulate their beautiful month of love from five years earlier. This positive association
connects with the color green. Green means go (stoplights were introduced in the 1910s-
20s, so this was a relatively new association), green means spring, rebirth, and the start of
new life.
CONCLUSION

Above all, as a pessimistic examination of the American Dream, The Great Gatsby was
read. A remarkable rags-to-rich story is at its centre, about a boy from a poor farming
background who has built himself up to fabulous wealth. Jay Gatsby is someone who
once had nothing but who, in his huge house on Long Island, now entertains rich and
celebrated individuals. Nevertheless, although the wealth of Gatsby may be proportionate
to Tom Buchanan's likes, he is ultimately unable to break into the "distinguished secret
society" of those who were born wealthy. His attempt to win over Daisy Buchanan, a
woman from a well-established American elite family, ends in disaster and his death. In
the book, the contrast between West Egg and East Egg represents this tension between
"new money" and "old money". In an age of unprecedented materialism, West Egg is
portrayed as a tawdry, brash society that "chafed under the old euphemisms," full of
people who made their money. In contrast, East Egg is a sophisticated society populated
by the "staid nobility" of America, those who have inherited their wealth and frown on
West Egg's rawness. In the end, it is East Egg that could be said to triumph: while Gatsby
is shot and his garish parties are dispersed, the terrible events of the summer are
unharmed by Tom and Daisy.
With the rich symbolism that underpins its story, the Great Gatsby is memorable. The
green light at the end of Daisy's dock is a recurring image throughout the novel that
appeals to Gatsby's sense of ambition. It is a symbol of "the orgasmic future" in which he
believes so strongly that when Nick first sees him, his arms are stretched out. It is this
"extraordinary gift of hope" that Nick admires so much in Gatsby, his "enhanced
sensitivity to the promises of life." However, once Daisy is within the reach of Gatsby,
the green light's "colossal significance" disappears. In essence, at the end of the novel, the
green light is an unattainable promise, one that Nick understands in universal terms: a
future that we never understand but that we always reach for. Nick compares it to the
hope in the promise of the New World that the early settlers had. The dream of Gatsby
fails, then, when he fixes his hope on a true object, Daisy. Thereafter, his once indefinite
ambition is confined to the real world and becomes prey to all its corruption.
An industrial wasteland between West Egg and Manhattan, the valley of ashes serves as a
counterpoint to the brilliant future promised by the green light. As a dumping ground for
the refusal of nearby factories, the ugly truth behind the consumer culture that supports
newly wealthy people like Gatsby stands as a consequence of America's post-war
economic boom. Men like George Wilson who are "already crumbling" live in this
valley. They are the underclasses who live without hope, all the while strengthening the
greed of a thriving economy. In particular, Gatsby does not ultimately escape the ash that
built him from this economy: it is George Wilson who comes to kill him, the moment
before he shoots Gatsby, described as an "ashen" figure. The bespectacled eyes of Doctor
T.J. Eckleburg, which appear on an oculist's advertising billboard, hover over the valley
of ashes. In the morally vacuous world of The Great Gatsby, these eyes become almost a
moral conscience; they are the eyes of God to George Wilson. They are said to "brood"
and "[keep] their vigil" over the valley, and they witness some of the novel's most corrupt
moments: the affair of Tom and Myrtle, the death of Myrtle, and the valley itself, full of
the industrial waste of America and the toiling poor. In the end, however, they are
another product of the era's materialistic culture, set up by Doctor Eckleburg to "fatten his
practice." Just one more person is trying to get rich behind them. As a divine being that
watches and judges, their function is thus ultimately null, and the novel is left without a
moral anchor.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Berrin, Danielle. " The Great Gatsby's Jew." The Jewish Journal of Greater Los
Angeles (2019).
 Churchwell, Sarah. "What Makes The Gatsby Great?" The Guardian (2013).
 Flanagan, Thomas. "Fitzgerald's Radiant World." The New York Review Of Books
(2000).
 Ford, Lillian C. "The Seamy Side Of Society." Los Angeles Times (2013).
 Gillespie, Nick. "The Great Gatsby's Creative Destruction." Reason (2013).
 Hoover, Bob. " The Great Gatsby' Still Challenges Myth of American Dream."
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (2013).