Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBALES ACADEMY INCORPORATED

WORK IMMERSION
San Narciso, Zambales

“THE INSUFFICIENT SUPPLIES OF ROAD/STREETLIGHTS

IN BARANGAY BEDDENG”

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Work Immersion 12.

By:
RHAYCA ZHARELL R. HIPOLITO
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(HUMSS)

JUNE 2021

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this study was made possible through the encouragement, support and
assistance of some persons who have given their time and solicited to this study.
Mr. Jun Tamayo and Mrs. Alma T. Bernolo, who assisted and give time to thought us
how to make this research even though there’s pandemic,
Our parents, who gave us life and guided us ever since we were born, and for the moral
and financial support;
Also, to our friends, who’s always there for us, to our classmates and batch mates who
have given their time and sacrifice just to finish this study
To the teachers who gave us inspiration, knowledge and support to create and find this
study.
And above all, to God, for his abundant graces, wisdom, strength and spiritual guidance
that led me to finish this feasibility study.

~R. Z. H

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ………………………………………………………………… 1

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………….. 2
Table of contents ……………………………………………………… 3
Researcher’s profile ………………………………………………….. 4

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….. 5

A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ………………………. 6
B. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY …………… 7
CHAPTER II. FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY ……………………. 8
A. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………………… 8
B. DEFINITION OF TERMS ………………………………… 13
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH MATHODOLOGY …………………… 14
A. THE REPONDENTS ……………………………………... 14
a.1 Location ………………………………………….. 15
B. DATA GATHERING …………………………………….... 15
CHAPTER IV. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS …………………… 16

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE ………………… 19

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 RESEARCHER’S PROFILE

HIPOLITO, RHAYCA ZHARELL R.

September 11 2003
Brgy. Beddeng San Narciso, zammbales
[email protected]
09511713990

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Secondary:

Senior high school

Zambales Academy Inc. SY. 2020-2021
School of IFI
(Barangay Alusiis San Narciso, Zambales)

Junior high school

Zambales Academy Inc. SY. 2018-2019
School of IFI
(Barangay Alusiis San Narciso, Zambales)

Primary:

Valiant Educational Institute SY. 2014-2015

(Barangay West Dirita San Antonio, Zambales

FAMILY BACKGROUND:
Father’s Name: Ryan A. Hipolito
Mother’s Name: Rachel R. Hipolito
Sibling/s Name: Ryel Eishie R. Hipolito

PERSONAL BACKGROUND:
Favorite subject: Filipino
Hobbies: Watch television, biking and cooking
Future career: Architect/ Anything Related to Information Technology course.

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 Chapter I:
INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, residents are demanding to improve street lighting because of

recent crime-ridden neighborhood but even though we need to improve street
lighting it will takes long to do so. It does have potential cost and there are many
things to be discussed as a guide because improving it is not as easy as usually
assumed. We need to improved street lighting because it will help everyone.
As a researcher, we made this research to consider the safety of people
especially women, child and teenagers. We made this research to learn and give
solution to the problems we are now encountered, which is improving street
lights. The study also aims to know how effective to have street lights in
barangay areas. This research is made to help community give information in
improving street lighting which may be an appropriate response to crime or
problem that might be happen. It explains why having a better street lighting will
definitely reduce the fear, people who have disorder, accidents and crime and
summarizes the effectiveness of it. This researched will focus on outdoor space
in residential area, that is why it is important to consider women’s concerns to
help them. The main goal of this study is to prove how effective street lighting is
and to achieve it is purpose which is security and safety.
Safety and security are essential needs of every community. Driving or
walking outside at night hours is more dangerous, that is why we need to
improve street lighting to be effective to prevent crimes and accidents. Feeling of
unsafety and fear of crime are common feelings among many people in
residential areas. Generally, women experience the higher level of fear of crime
in comparison with men.
Street light is a light pole, lamppost, street lamp or light standard that is a
source and serve as light on the edge of a road or path. It is the main source of
light which is used to provide light on the edge of the road and highways, in order
to be safe and convenient for people and drivers at night. It plays an important
role in terms of security and safety on streets and on public places.
Street lighting is recognized as the most important environmental features
that influences subjective perception of safety in dark, but barangay areas are
still not knowledgeable enough about how we badly needed street lights and how
it will help people if we have it. There are currently 304 million total streetlights in
the world and expected to grow up to 352 million total streetlights by year 2025.
These streetlights will transform cities and municipalities across the globe over
the next decade. Asia pacific is one of the prominent markets for growth of street
lighting. Recently in a street light project, Chinese government provided strong
incentives to replace streetlights with LED-based streetlights due to its energy
savings efficiency. While in the Philippines, six cities provided documents
regarding their streetlights as part of the PCIJ audit and Makati turned out to
have the biggest number of street lights which is 4,803 that were constructed
from 2004 to 2010. Malabon comes in second with 2,929, and then Quezon City
with 1,660, Mandaluyong with 1,616, and San Juan, 921.

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 Many studies have shown that darkness results in a large number of
crashes and fatalities, especially those involving pedestrians; 50% of accidents
and crashes usually happened in night and one of the reasons are unlighted
intersections and interchanges of road. Street lighting provides a safe
environment at night and it serves as public service to those who works at night
and to those who commutes alone. From night time accidents a scoping study
Improving street lighting as an operative tool provides economic and
social benefits to public places. It will low the accidents at night that will lead to
reduction of economic loss. If there are street lights in every street, of course it
will less the fear of people to walk and drive. Improving street lighting also
enhanced sense of personal security and aid to police protection. It will help to
the drivers because it will facilitate the traffic to flow smoothly. It is also
preventing and low the rates of crime, because crimes usually happen in
province or far away from cities because some places are dark and these places
is very near or easy to do crimes like robbery, rape, carnapping, kidnapping and
oftentimes, killing.
There are also disadvantages of street lights. It can actually cause
accidents if it is misused, it may cause light pollution and physical dangers.
Sometimes there are incidents that children are climbing to street lamps, and
motorists that have poor eyesight or under the influence of alcohol are hit by the
metal street lights.
One of the greatest problems of drivers is having lost of night vision
wherein their eyes are being emerged from unlighted area and quickly adjust to
the brighter light. This case usually happens to the person who is old. As a
person gets older, the function of their eyes gets slower also that’s why their
driving can be a problem and can cause accident. Because lacking of adequate
light at night has given rise to poor living condition.

Statement of the Problem:

This study aimed to determine the value of improving street lighting in

barangay Beddeng; specifically, it seeks to answered the following question:

1.What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Gender
b. Age
2. What are the advantages of having street lights in our community?
3. What action plan can be recommended to improve street lighting in barangay
areas?

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Significance of the Study:

The findings which this study will reveal, may benefit certain groups and the
benefits they may be able to gain are as follows:

 To the People of the community may use this study to prove that
they will benefit to the improving of street lights because it is one of
the essential needs of every community.
 To the Barangay officials may use this study to serve as their basis,
record or guide to know how effective to improve street lighting is.
 To the Police Administration will benefit of having street lights
because it can help them to solve crime and accidents cases
easier.
 To the Researchers will know the value of improving street lighting
that will serve as a good source of accurate and useful information
because of their findings of the study.

Scope and Limitation:

This study is all about the value of improving street lighting in barangay
Beddeng, San Narciso, Zambales. This research aimed to define and to know
the value of street lighting and how can improve it.
This study focuses only in residence of barangay which is Beddeng in San
Narciso Zambales. This involve a survey of those who are out in Brgy.Beddeng.
The selection of respondents is only limited since there are lots of people in
barangay.
This research is designed to have enough knowledge of problem o street
light to how they can improve and how to solve the problem of the study.

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 Chapter II:
FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

A: RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature of studies which reserve as a

frame of reference of this study. More so it presents the theoretical model of
framework which will serve as the researchers guide in conducting the study.

Foreign and Local Literature:

Rodrigo Villarroel Walker (2016), states that “Better Street lighting can
help reduce emissions, save money and improve safety, but national support for
cities is critical for overcoming the technical and financial barriers.” He indicates
that there are many strategies to improve street lighting but these strategies need
the help of external actors which is the government, to ensure that this project
will made not only from planning, given that many cities lack the necessary
funding and technical capacity. Walker also said that “Enabling cities to enjoy
these benefits will require national governments to develop a strong institutional
framework that can help cities overcome the technical and financial barriers to
better lighting.” which is definitely true and usually happened nowadays.
The present study is related to the literature written by Walker, the only
difference is the study of Walker focuses not only on the advantages of improving
street lighting but also the disadvantages of it, because many areas needed to
improve street lights. But in reality, if we will improve street lighting it will takes
long to do it. It does have some potential cost and there are many things to be
discussed as a guide because improving it is not as easy as usually assumed
because it is not easy to conduct a project that is not study clearly.
“Better Street Lighting Reduces Emissions, Saves Money and Improves
Safety” C Perkins (2015), said based on his study in Mexico. Improved street
lighting can help reduce crime, improve safety, and revitalize communities as a
whole, as more light means that potential crime areas are better lit and more
people feel comfortable on the street at night. Furthermore, improving street
lighting is a cost-effective measure for more energy efficient cities because
implementation can be relatively quick and produce immediate results.

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 Lighting represents about 15% of global power consumption and 5 percent
of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Street lighting alone represents
about 3% of world electricity consumption. Improving street lighting is a cost-
effective measure for more energy efficient cities. Because implementation can
be relatively quick and produce immediate results, it’s often considered a low
hanging fruit. A study in Mexico, estimates that retrofitting lighting generates
the largest net economic benefit per unit of reductions to carbon emissions.
The present study is related to the literature written by C Perkins, since he
shows the evidence that improving street lighting can reduced crimes, decreases
accidents, and traffic incidents in Mexico such as Ghana which help the society
to improve.
“Streetlights: Changing our night sky, one lamppost at a time” -Edward
Smalley (2012) said. Cities could be saving millions in infrastructure costs
annually — while saving valuable energy resources. He states that the nation’s
streetlights are part of an aging infrastructure, just like our bridges and roadways.
But nowadays, competing priorities like public safety, homelessness and other
concerns have made initial funding difficult to add the needs of street lighting.
The present study is related to the literature written by Smalley, since both
of the study wants to improve street lighting, the only difference is the study of
Smalley the people are not willing to give anything specially government. In short
like many infrastructures made, lights are also part of it and taxpayers have to
pay for them.
Street Lighting and Road Safety (2017) factsheet provides an overview of
research surrounding the effectiveness of street lighting. Street lighting provides
a number of important benefits. It can be used to promote security in urban areas
and to increase the quality of life by artificially extending the hours in which it is
light so that activity can take place. Street lighting also improves safety for
drivers, riders, and pedestrians. Driving outside of daylight hours is more
dangerous – only a quarter of all travel by car drivers is between the hours of
7pm and 8am, yet this period accounts for 40% of fatal and serious injuries to the
same group. Pedestrians and vulnerable road users suffer from decreased
visibility in the dark too. For this reason, ways of reducing the risk to all road
users during the hours of darkness must be found.
The present study is related to the literature written by of Street Lighting
and Road Safety because this study has shown that darkness results in a large
number of crashes and fatalities, especially those involving pedestrians, that’s
why they are related to each other since both of the study need to improve street
lighting.

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Foreign and Local Studies:

Foreign Studies

Escolar, Martinez, Pulido, Arnelio, Merodio, Stapic et:al: (2015) “A Study

to Improve the Quality of Street Lighting in Spain” states that street lighting has a
big impact on the energy consumption of Spanish municipalities. This study has
been done to analyze the different devices which influence energy consumption
with the intention of better understanding their behavior and performance. They
have been analyzed the changes in technology so they can improve street lights
and they use patterns and standards.
The present study is related to the study of them since both concluded
how to improve street lighting but it also focuses about the quality, efficiency,
reduce green-house-effect gas emissions, energy savings and consumption.

According to the study of Lawson, Rogerson and Barnacle (2018), the

effectiveness of CCTV and improved street lighting has been studied extensively
in terms of their potential for reducing the number of crimes in a certain area.
This study permits an exploration of stimulated options to find which is the most
cost effective and what the best strategy for implementation of street crime
reduction.
The present study is related to this study because they both states that
improving street lighting can be a way of reducing street crimes, but they not only
study how effective the street lights is but also the effectiveness of CCTV
cameras.
Peter Hiscocks (2016) “Improving Street Lighting” studied that
from its earliest use, street lighting has been based on
discrete sources of light placed at intervals along the path, sidewalk or roadway.
A typical arrangement is staggered poles street lighting installation. He also said
that street lights have worked acceptably well for many years, but the
development of new lighting technology suggests that it should be improve.
There are two major limitations of street lighting as it is currently configure
d. The distribution of light along the street surface is uneven. It is impossible to
avoid visual glare. A typical arrangement is staggered poles street lighting
installation. He also said that street lights have worked acceptably well for many
years, but the development of new lighting technology suggests that it should be
improve.

The present study is related to the study of Peter Hiscocks, since street
lighting has been used for many years but the development of it is not enough.
That’s why both studies are related to each other because of their goal to
improve street lighting to avoid accidents.
Arnold, Mellinger, Markowitz, Burke, Lahar (2014) “A Win-Win-Win for
Municipal Street Lighting: Converting Two-Thirds of Vermont’s Street Lights to
LED” study is all about reducing energy costs and enhancing the nighttime
environment with street lighting. But few municipalities and utilities have
successfully taken advantage of this opportunity to convert their street lighting
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operations to LEDs. This study presents a partnership model among the
statewide energy efficiency, electric utilities, and municipalities.
The present study is related to the study of Lahar et. al. since both want to
help the community to provide municipalities with better nighttime street lighting
and significant cost savings—at no additional capital expense to the
municipalities.
Michael Soper et: al., (2015) “Evidence regarding the impact of the street
lighting on crime and antisocial behavior,” wherein the context of his study is to
proposed part-night lighting to introduced in large parts of the country in
Cambridge shire, England. Soper study is all about pointing evidence towards
the limited benefit of streetlights in reducing cannot be switched and used to
argue that withdrawing lighting will result in an increase.
The present study is related to the study of Michael Soper since both
studies show a benefit in reductions in crime with the help of encouraging to use
more of street lights. In other word the improved lighting was introduced for a
reason.

B. Local Studies

“The response to street crimes is always police presence” Rinen (2014)

stated because Cebu City is further strengthening police visibility in public areas
implemented by the police as part of their strategy to home street crimes
because of having lack of street light. The part from increasing the number of
policemen in foot and mobile patrols, other strategies that will be employed are
establishment of check points, deployment of covert. People need to feel safe at
all times under any circumstances. It does not matter if you are at home at work
at school traveling at social event or in desperate need of emergency assistance.

The present study is related to the study of Rinen since both study wants
the safety of a freedom from harm or danger and the state of being safe which
every person assures in the place they were living and for their daily lives.

According to Abat, (2013) he stated that in Davao City, the police station is
increasing police visibility in communities to reduce the numbers of crime. Most
of the policemen are outside for advocacy programs and to maximize visibility an
also don’t let the ride in the mobile since mostly they are on foot patrol to observe
more the community safety, this way they could easily establish connection with
the community against criminal acts. Policemen also go house to house in
different village in subdivision within the area of their responsibilities to make
sure that they are safe by the police force.

The present study is related to the study of Abat since his study is all
about Reducing the number of crimes in Davao City to make safe by the police
force and to against criminal act because of lack of street lights.

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Conceptual Framework:

This shows the profile of the respondents and their perception when it
comes to their safety in their streets or in roads. It aims to identify the difference
between having street lights or not and relationship between their profile such as
age, gender and their experience in their barangay and their knowledge to
improve their safety and security especially at night.

Profile of the respondents

in terms of:
Gender
Age

Advantages of

having

street lights

Action plan can be

recommend to improve
street lighting in barangay
areas

Figure 1.0 Conceptual Framework

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Definition of Terms:

 Area - In this study the word is defined as the specific place within a
community/barangay.

 Accidents - An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and

unintentionally. (English and Filipino Dictionary)

 Barangay - It is the term in the Philippines as the smallest division within a

government and usually called barrio or specific district.

 Community - A group of people living in the same place or having a

particular characteristic in common. (English and Filipino Dictionary)

 Crimes - Action or omission that constitutes an offense. (English and

Filipino Dictionary)

 Gender - In this study the word is defined as the state of being male or
female.

 Security - In this study the word is defined as being free from any danger
and the state of being safe from any threat.

 Society - A people, population or form of a community living together as

general.

 Street lighting - In this study the word is defined as applying or putting light
in street.

 Street lights - In this study the word is defined as the source of light or the
one that gives light in a certain area.

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 Chapter III:
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the method used in the study, the research setting
conducted, the respondents of the study, the sampling technique, the research
instrument and validation, the data gathering procedures and the statistical treatment of
data.

A. The respondents and Location

The respondent of the study was the resident of the community who know about
the insufficient supplies of streetlights.

RESIDENT NUMBER OF PARTICIPANT

FEMALE (16-40 ABOVE) 15

MALE (16-40 ABOVE) 16

Barangay Official 2

Fig. 2 Distribution of the participants of the study

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 The research was conducted at Barangay Beddeng, San Narciso Zambales. San
Narciso is located on the central part of the province of Zambales. It is 169 km away
from San Fernando, Pampanga, the regional capital and 42 km away from the provincial
capital, Iba.

Fig. 3 Map of Barangay Beddeng San Narciso, Zambales

B. Data gathering procedure

To know more about the research paper, the researcher gathers some
data and information through internet and have look for the related literature and
study to this topic. Through this, the researcher has gathered some important
details and information related to this topic. The researcher will make letter of
request and submit to the Barangay Captain to allow the researcher administer
the survey. After receiving the approved permit, the researcher will conduct the
survey form or questionnaire to the Resident of the Barangay. The researcher
will give some time to the respondents to answer the questionnaire before
regaining it.

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 Chapter IV:
SUMMARRY OF FINDINGS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendations.

Summary

This study aimed to determine the value of improving street lighting in

barangay Beddeng; specifically;

 The Insufficient supply of streetlights in our barangay.

 The importance of having a sufficient supplies in our barangay.
 The benefits of improving and having a sufficient supplies of
streetlights in our barangay.

Base on the observation conducted by researcher, the residents of Brgy.

Beddeng.

 Both respondent have equal percentage which is 50% and

frequency of 7 out of 33.
 Most of the respondents who’s usually goes out at night is at the
age of 17-30 years old, forty years old and above is the fewest with
the frequency of 6 out of 30.
 Most respondent had picked neutral as an answer in the questions.

Conclusion:

Based on the data gathered of this study, the following conclusions were
drawn:

1. The community leaders should improve the streetlights for the

residents inside our community.
2. The Barangay officials should seek some help and allocate
some funds for this project.
3. The supplies of the streetlight in our barangay should be
sufficient.

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Recommendation:

1. The Barangay officials should take any and all the necessary
sufficient actions on how to improve the supplies of streetlights
in our barangay.
2. The higher government officials of a barangay should give
sufficient credit or funds for this project.
3. Barangay official should keep the supplies of streetlights inside
our barangay sufficient.
4. Residents inside the Barangay must keep or maintain the
streetlights properly and if its working.

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APPENDICES

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 APPENDIX A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Direction: Check the box(es) of your chosen answer.

 Streetlights helps you to clearly see your way home or where you are
going at night.
o Yes
o No
o Neutral

 Do streetlights reduce your fever walking alone at night?

o Yes
o No
o Neutral

 Does the supplies of streetlights in our barangay sufficient?

o Yes
o No
o Neutral

 Do we need to improve our streetlight in our barangay?

o Yes
o No
o Neutral

 Streetlights helps you overcome the fear of going out at night to buy
something you need at a store.
o Yes
o No
o Neutral

 What should the Barangay officials do on this issue?

o Find solutions to improve the streetlights in our barangay by
allocating some funds for this issue or project.
o Seek some help from other higher government officials.
o Don’t find solution for this issue.
o Solicit some funds for this issue or project.

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