Thesis Report-Final

ECO-TOURISM
INTERPRETATION CENTRE
@BATTAMUGILAALAM,
DENKANIKOTTAI
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
DIVYA SHREE.J
AC14UAR019
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE (B.ARCH)
in
ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HOSUR
(Autonomous)
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2019
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “ECO-TOURISM INTERPRETATION

CENTRE” is the bonafide work of “DIVYA SHREE.J” who carried out the
project work under my supervision.
Prof. Ar. R.Seetha, M.Arch. Ar. Rajeev Kumar, M.Arch.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Department of Architecture Department of Architecture
Adhiyamaan College of Engg. Adhiyamaan College of Engg.
Dr. M.G.R. Nagar Dr. M.G.R. Nagar
Hosur – 635 109. Hosur – 635 109.
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DECLARATION
DIVYA SHREE.J (Reg no. AC14UAR019) a bonafide student of the

Department of Architecture, Adhiyamaan college of Engineering
(autonomous), Hosur, hereby declares that this thesis report entitled
”ECO-TOURISM INTERPRETATION CENTRE@
BATTAMUGILAALAM, DENKANIKOTTAI” for the award of the degree,
Bachelor of Architecture, is my original work and has not formed the basis or
submitted to any other universities or institution for the award of a degree or
diploma.
DATE :
PLACE : HOSUR (DIVYA SHREE.J)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I first thank lord almighty, whose graceful blessings enabled me to complete

this thesis project for the fulfilment of my B.Arch degree course.
I convey my heartfelt thanks to the college, especially to our Principal

Dr. G. Ranganath, M.E, Ph.D, M.I.S.T.E., M.I.E., C.Eng (I), for providing the
wonderful environment and their support.
I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to our beloved H.O.D, Prof.

Ar. R. SEETHA, M.Arch, for rendering hi valuable guidance, support,
encouragement and advice to make my efforts and the project successful.
I specially thank my Guide, Ar. Rajeev Kumar, M.Arch, for his timely
guidance and encouragement. I thank all other faculty of the architecture
department for their help and guidance.
I am grateful to My parents and My family members who offered great

support and encouragement during the thesis.
(DIVYA SHREE.J)
Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGENO
LIST OF FIGURES 1
CHAPTER 1.0 PROJECT GENESIS………………………………. 2

1.1 Introduction……………………………………... 3
1.2 Critical Issue…………………………………….. 4
1.3 Thesis goal……………………………………….. 5
1.4 Inspirational Project…………………………...... 6
1.5 General background of the Study……………… 8
1.6 Battamugilaalam as an Rural Settlement……… 10
1.6.1 Significant magnets of the settlement
1.6.2 Present Scenario of the settlement
1.6.3 Development of the settlement
1.7 Justification of the Project………………………. 16
1.7.1 Reason for choice of site
1.8 Definition of the Project…………………………. 16
CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE STUDY…………………………….... 17
2.1 Tourism…………………………………………… 18
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Different forms of Tourism
2.1.3 Global Perspective on Tourism
2.1.4 Tourism Development in India
2.1.5 Tourism Development in Tamil Nadu
2.1.6 Tourism circuits of Tamil Nadu
2.1.7 Conclusion
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Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE NO
2.2 Typology…………………………………………….. 30
2.2.1 Eco-tourism
2.2.2 Ecotourism and types
2.2.3 Logics of Order: Eco-tourism
2.2.4 Place
2.3 Regional Architectural Vocabulary……………… 41
2.3.1 Vernacular Architecture of Tamil Nadu
2.3.2 Parameter for Climatic Responsive Design
2.3.3 Study and Analysis of Dwelling Unit
2.3.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3.0 SPECIAL STUDY……………………………………….. 48
3.1 Conservation Architecture……………………. 49
3.2 Case Study-Pondicherry……………………… 52
3.3 Rural Tourism Conservation Architecture….. 61
3.4 Case Study-Mumbai…………………………... 63
3.5 Literary observation…………………………... 66
CHAPTER 4.0 SYNOPSIS……………………………………………………….. 67
4.1 Need of the Project
4.2 Intention
4.3 Objective
4.4 Scope of the Project
4.5 Limitations of the Project
4.6 General Statement
4.7 Project Typology
4.8 User typology
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Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE NO
4.9 Methodology
4.10 Assumptions
CHAPTER 5.0 CASE STUDIES ……………………………………… 71
5.1 Based on Functional Character……………….. 72
5.1.1 Eco link-Wayanad, Kerala, India
5.2 Based on Village Redevelopment……………… 78
5.2.1 Anegundi, Hampi, Karnataka,India
5.2.2 Korzak, Himalayas
5.3 Based on Vernacular Construction System….. 82
5.3.1 Gandhi Nu Gaam, Ludiya , Kutch,
Gujarat, India
5.4 Based on Forest and community
development................................................. 91
5.4.1 Pichadikulam, Pondicherry, India
5.5 Based on Rural Tourism………………………. 94
5.5.1 Obsaya Village,Turkey
CHAPTER 7.0 WHY DENKANIKOTTAI?............................................ 101
CHAPTER 8.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT……………………………. 102
CHAPTER 9.0 DENKANIKOTTAI : IN DEPTH…………………….. 103
9.1 Denkanikottai Basics……………………................... 104
9.2 SWOT…………………………………………….... 105
9.3 Graphic Analysis…………………………………... 107
9.4 Site Selection……………………………………….. 109
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Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE NO
REGAINING PARADISE
CHAPTER 10.0 PRE-DESIGN……………………………………… 110

10.1 Site-Study……………………………………….. 111
10.2 Programming…………………………………… 117
10.3.1 Guidelines for program Derivation
10.3.2 Derivation of Design Component
10.3 Proposed Design Intervention………………….. 119
CHAPTER 11.0 DESIGN……………………………………………... 120
CHAPTER 12.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………... 125
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LIST OF FIGURES
Images
Chapter-1
Image 1: Italo Calvino’s Invisible Space
Image 2: Rural Studio book
Image 3: Trollstigen plateau
Image 4: Rural Studio
Image 5: Sammieri
Image 6: Bamboo forest
Chapter-2
Image 7 : Ecotourism and types
Image 8 : Horizontal nature of Ecotourism
Image 9 : Local Houses
Image 10 : Agriculture
Image 11 : View of Water forest plants
Image 12 : View of Drainage
Image 13 : View of Learning in Forest
Image 14 : View of Sin boards
Image 15 : Vernacular Houses
Image 16 : Raised Plat forms –Thinnai
Image 17 : Traditional hut
Image 18 : Rammed Earth Construction
Image 19 : Laying dried weaved coconut
Image 20 : Wattle and Daub House
Image 21: Wattle and Daub Construction
Image 22 : Courtyard minimum openings and projected eaves reduce
solar heat gain and regulate air flow through building
Image 23:Laying dried weaved coconut fronds
Image 24:Thatch roof and wall
Image 25:Plan of a typical hut
Image 26:Raised Plat forms –Thinnai
Image 27:Kitchen space in the hut
Image 28:Plan of a Typical Unit in Thanjavur
Image 29:Elevtion of the typical unit
Image 30 :Thinnai
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LIST OF FIGURES
Graphs
Graph 1: Total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in India from

2013 to 2027(in billion U.S. dollars)*,
Graph 2 : Direct and total contribution of travel and tourism to the
global economy from 2006 to 2016
Graph 3 : Tamil Nadu Tourism statistics for 2016
Graph 4 : Tamil Nadu Tourists statistics from 2012-15,
Tables
Table-1:Building tactics for warm-humid climate type

Table 2:Parameters for Courtyard House

CHAPTER 1.0 PROJECT GENESIS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Critical Issue
1.3 Thesis goal
1.4 Inspirational Project
1.5 General background of the Study
1.6 Battamugilaalam as an Rural Settlement
1.6.1 Significant magnets of the settlement
1.6.2 Present Scenario of the settlement
1.6.3 Development of the settlement
1.7 Justification of the Project
1.7.1 Reason for choice of site
1.8 Definition of the Project
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1.1 Introduction
Can architecture change the world for the better? Does it have the
ability to rehabilitate environments to help slow rapid climate changes?
Can it inject itself in a community and help stimulate the identity lost to
globalization? Can it boost economies and raise the standard of living
for the 80% of the world’s population living in poverty?
. . . Probably not . . .
. . . But . . .
Architecture is the stage where our lives play out. It can be used
responsibly as a tool in accordance with nature to stall the negative
systems quickening the pace of climate change.
It has the ability to house all moments of human life: relaxation, work,
play, joy, sadness, celebration, and more. It can be adapted to meet our
needs, moulded around us, our customs, our lives. After all, architecture
is created to shelter, protect and comfort us.
And it can accommodate a program that brings income to impoverished

communities and help raise their standard of living.
It is my belief that architecture can improve the environmental,

economic and sociocultural issues facing the world today. And when
coupled with policy, architecture has the capacity to guide future
development in a positive direction; one that accounts for, and enjoys
the idea of change; because when change occurs, lives can improve.
1.2 Critical Issue
Ecotourism is not a new field. Presumably, it has been in existence in
some form since tourism began. Within the past few decades, there has
been a surge in the popularity of tourism that focuses on nature and
natural areas. Ecotourism, as a part of nature tourism is said to account
for 25% of worldwide tourism today.
However, the ecotourism industry suffers from disjointedness caused by

hundreds of sources defining ecotourism hundreds of different ways. As
well, tourism typologies that are essentially the same: geo, responsible,
sustainable, eco, work as separate sections under tourism when they
would have much more success combining their starkly similar goals
into one comprehensive movement and set of principles.
The lack of a unifying definition and one comprehensive set of

principles restricts the ability to form an international accrediting
program with criteria that everyone agrees upon. As it is, ecotourism is
not monitored for performance, which is leading to extensive “green
washing” within the field.
To grow the field, a unifying name, definition, and policy need to be

established that certification programs can follow to ensure eco-
endeavours are in fact eco-friendly.
Future development needs to focus on improving the economy,
environment and sociocultural conditions in affected areas, but still
provide fun and relaxation to guests as a necessary component of a
capitalist tourism operation.
1.3 Thesis Goal
Use the principles of ecotourism and “Sustainability” to create a

policy that will guide the development of ecotourism endeavours
with the aim of improving the local environmental, economic and
sociocultural conditions.

Certain works: buildings, books, artists, people, etc. change the way
you look at architecture. They help you find new ways to interpret and
transverse space; understand the many different parts creating that space
and how they affect the people who inhabit them. The following is a
compilation of projects, depicted through images, diagrams and words,
that show my inspirations in the field of architecture and design.
The most inspirational text I’ve read, Italo Calvino’s Invisible Space,
led me to view architecture as an ephemeral state
more than a physical structure: architecture that
emerges from feeling. Image 1: Italo Calvino’s
Invisible Space
Source: Italo Calvino
Samuel Mockbee is the ultimate example of how that particular belief

can extend beyond school and into the real world in spirit and in
realized projects.
Samuel “Sambo” Mockbee is best known for his work in low-income areas in the
South with Rural Studio, a design build program run out of Auburn University.
It is this work that caught my attention early on in my
architectural education. But it is not who the work is for,
or where the projects are located that makes them so
amazing. It is how, and with what materials these projects
are constructed.Mockbee is a master at designing and
building projects with only the materials at hand. This does not just mean
Local materials like clay and on site lumber, but local
waste material as well. He would ask if he could have, or
pay a small fee for old tires and construct retaining walls
out of them, like in the Yancey Chapel. Or, he would
purchase old windshields for a ridiculously low price and
use them to create a glass wall in a local community Image 2: Rural Studia
centre in Mason’s Bend. With these unlikely materials, Source: Samuel Mockbee
found materials, Mockbee and the Rural Studio have
assembled buildings that have small costs and large impacts
on the communities they are a part of.

Architects: Oslo Norway, Architect: Auburn University

Reiulf Ramstad Rural Studio under
Arkitekter Samuel Mockbee
Location: Romsdalen,Rauma, Location: Mason’s Bend,
Norway Alabama
Completed: 2010 Completed: 2000
The project will enhance the The Mason’s Bend Community

experience of the Trollstigen Center has an interesting array
plateau’s location and nature. of materials used in
Thoughtfulness regarding construction to help lower
features and materials will costs. The wood was cut from
underscore the site’s temper and the site itself, the foundation is
character, and well-adapted, a rammed earth wall, and
functional facilities will because the community could
augment the visitor’s not afford glass, the large glass
experience. The architecture is wall is comprised of recycled
to be characterised by clear and windshields that had no other
precise transitions between use.
planned zones and the natural
landscape.
Image 3: Trollstigen plateau Image 4: Rural Studio

Source: archdaily.com Source: Samuel Mockbee
Community Based Tourism is a form of sustainable tourism that allows

visitors to connect closely with the communities they visit. This
emerging form of travel gives tourists authentic experiences, while
allowing revenue generated by tourism to remain in the often rural,
poor, or economically marginalized community. These communities run
these tourism enterprises that provide services such as village tours,
nature walks, performances, and meals on their own initiatives.
Community ecotourism is a particular facet of community based
tourism, where at least some of the experiences are natural resourced-
based. Community ecotourism benefits both environmental
conservation and local communities, the former generating financing
for the management of the natural resource area.
Community tourism not only encourages cross-cultural understanding

between host and visitor but also embraces the bottom line of
environmental protection, cultural conservation, social responsibility,
economic health, and the enhancement of livelihoods. Because
communities are the owners of these tourism enterprises, they have the
incentive to establish standards for international tourists and invest in a
quality tourism product. As such, Community Tourism has been
promoted as a means of development where the social, economic, and
environmental needs of local communities are met through the offering
of a tourism product.

The community:
 Brings recognition and attention to the community

 Adds value to a community’s economy
 Diversifies economic activity in a community
 Provides an alternative to unsustainable forms of income such as
poaching or logging, thus helping safeguard the livelihoods and
well being of both locals and indigenous peoples
 Natural resource-based conservation, where the main product is
wildlife or natural-resource related
 Cultural conservation
 Tourism income is more likely to remain in the community
 Encourages community pride and protection of community
resources
 Involves and encourages the participation of women
The tourist:
 Receives an authentic experience and learns first-hand about the

community from a local guide
 Has an opportunity to create a deeper connection to the destination
 Knows exactly where the money will go and can feel good about it
 In the case of ecotourism, achieves a win-win benefits for
supporting natural heritage conservation
 Gets a unique look at a particular destination
 Receives personal tour, individualized service, and attention

Battamugilalaam is a large tribal hamlet in Denkanikotta district. It is
located in south-western extreme of the Deccan plateau, east of the
Western Ghats It is a Agricultural product area in Tamil Nadu. The
village is surrounded Bamboo forest and habitation of elephants
Aiyur forest is a relatively less known place. A slightly better-known

place is Battamugilaalam. The route to Battamugilaalam goes through
the Aiyur forest.
The Aiyur forest landscape changes while driving. The bamboo trees
lining the road on both sides. The roads are winding. There is a small
watering hole that is known to be frequented by elephants, called
Samiyeri. The silence is absolute and golden, barring the coos of birds
and the jarring-yet-soothing sound of tall bamboo shoots rubbing
against each other.
Most of the villagers believe in traditional customs that being followed

in generations to generations as result of Agriculture Occupation.
Even the Location of the village is near
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu border. Most
of the villagers are working in
Agricultural sectors as farmers, castor
seed plantation, Bamboo plantation.
and few small industry occupants
and labourers.

Timeline of Battamugilaalam:
16
Denkanikottai was ruled by
54
Kantirave Narasa Raja
of Srirangapattana. 16
Later, the territory moved
60
into the Hands of Hyder Ali.
17
During third Anglo-Mysore
91
War.The forts in this region
was captured Major Gowdie.
17
The forts of this region was
92
ceded to the British.
.
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan 18
00
ruled Rayakotta and
Rathanagiri fort.. 16 The Wodayers of Mysore
00
commisioned to the
BetrayaSwamy Temple for
pillared halls & major
Vijayanagara Empire- 16
46 shrines
Ballaraya was a ruler of
16
Paligar family built the Itapel Rao,a Maratha feudatory
52
temple. annexed the region which
changed hands to Chandrasekara
Muslim rulers increased 18
00 rao and built the Temple Hoysala
The dieties was hidden
architecture style.
under the forest
1.6.1 Significant magnets of the settlement:

Battamugilaalam is an idyllic spot with rich cultural heritage and
natural beauty. The most significant cultural magnets of the settlement
are:
The Aiyur Forest:

The Aiyur forest landscape changes while driving. The bamboo trees
lining the road on both sides. The roads are
winding. There is a small watering hole that is
known to be frequented by elephants, called
Samiyeri. The silence is absolute and golden,
barring the coos of birds and the jarring-yet- Image 5: Sammieri
Source: Internet
soothing sound of tall bamboo shoots
rubbing against each other.
Bamboo craft and Society:

Aiyur Forest road to Battamugilalaam. The roads are lined with
Bamboo trees. The Anchetti village is formed by the confluence of two
streams, one of which drains the Salivaram
plateau and descends by the Kundu-kota
Ghat, and the other rises near Javulagiri and
flows via Pani and Mariyalam.
Image 6: Bamboo forest

Source: Internet

1.6.2 Present Scenario of the settlement:
 It is a paradise for nature lovers. This town is Well Known for its
Climate.
 FLORA-a variety of timber trees, hundreds of medicinal herbs
and Pungam oil from Pungam trees
 The Village have the prime elephant habitat and lot of bamboos.
 The forest attract large number of
migratory birds.
 Kodakkarai shola forest is known for large scale
migratory butterflies.
 Primarily inhabited by Irula tribes.
 Eco types Battamugilalaam provides ample scope for commercial
cultivation of tamarind.
 It represents the rural hamlets and culture of the region.
 It is famous for Bamboo forest and Cattle farming, Vernacular
houses.
 Battamugilalaam is located in Denkanikottai is a Town panchayat
town in Krishnagiri district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is
altitude 3000 feet above from the sea level. It is an agrarian
economy depending on the agricultural output of surrounding
villages in its taluk. One can easily reach the highly grown up
tourist place Hogenekkal from Bangalore through Attibele -
Denkanikottai – Anchetti.

1.6.3 Development of the settlement:

Battamugilaalam as a whole showcases great potential for future
developments due to its different attributes. The first one being the
Natural Attribute of the setting as the village is surrounded with a close
Bamboo Forest like an oasis of beauty in the open Battamugilaalam
Valley. The setting is said to be a lively manifestation of a Yogi in
meditation. The surroundings are mystic and leave permanent imprints
on the visitor.
The second and most specific of its kind in a Sloped village like this is
the Cultural Attribute, Battamugilaalam is a living
cultural heritage initially envisaged as an Artist colony with
great minds in Agriculture, Bamboo construction and Crafts. The idea
was efficiently achieved, marking Battamugilaalam as a huge platform
for cultural interactions and vibrant discussion about art, drama and
philosophy in a rural environment. But after Urbanisation Came into
role the setup became virtually dysfunctional. Slowly Battamugilaalam
lost its cultural identity and Natural identity due to its growth happening
in a haphazard way which in the way affects the forest.
Thus the setting redirects towards a guided growth of
the village to vitalize the artist colony and enhance its magnitude
by creating a global meeting platform of discussion and work
for artists in all the creative personas like theatre, painting, music,
literature etc. This would preserve Battamugilaalam village.

Development of the settlement:
The villagers would be benefit from certain improvements and visitors

would continue to enjoy the peace and tranquillity of such an idyllic
spot. The idea is to teach, learn and showcase work of Village to the
outside world. Thus sensitize tourists or visitors to creative expression
of art & culture by forming a dialogue with the villagers to learn. This
would positively transform the economic and social behaviour of the
region and eventually lead to community development of the setting.
Being a Hill village is an added benefit to the village for its efficient
growth, as the state is in search of such small towns with rich cultural
heritage to provide them the needed support and infrastructure for
collective growth and enhance its touristic value in the state. This would
promote different modes of tourism in state which further add up to
state’s economic growth and will place such villages on world’s
cultural map.
Thus for a guided directive growth there is a need to do an

intricate study of the settlement and its potential magnets of
attraction for definition of the project in action.

1.7 Justification of the Project
1.7.1 Reason for choice of site:
Battamugilalaam village is one of the oldest tribal communes of its

kind. It was a meeting point of researchers and travellers and actors of
local importance. For many travellers and wildlife's the village was their
home. It used to be a platform of discourse and learning on art, drama
and philosophy in a rural environment. The settlement became virtually
defunct after Urbanisation..
Thus due to its rich cultural attribute, serene surroundings and
effective road connectivity for tourists and visitors. Battamugilalaam
showcases a great potential to vitalize its lost cultural heritage
of again being an Rural commune.
1.8 Definition of the Project

Eco-Tourism Interpretation Centre is basically a combination of Eco-
Tourism and Interpretation Centre. The both together forms steps for
exploring Bio-diversity.
ECO-TOURISM: It is derived from the two words ”ECOSYSTEM” &

“TOURISM” which combines to form ECOTOURISM.
INTERPRETATION CENTRE: Interpretation is a communication tool

that is used to facilitate the way visitor engage with the places and the
people they visit.

CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 Tourism
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Different forms of Tourism
2.1.4 Tourism Development in India
2.1.5 Tourism Development in Tamil Nadu
2.1.6 Tourism circuits of Tamil Nadu
2.1.7 Conclusion
2.2 Typology
2.2.1 Eco-tourism
2.2.2 Ecotourism and types
2.2.3 Place
2.3 Regional Architectural Vocabulary
2.3.4 Conclusion

2.1 Tourism
2.1.1 Introduction:
Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails
the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual
environment for personal or professional purposes. These people are
called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents
or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of
which imply tourism expenditure.(Source : United Nations World
Tourism Organization, 2008)
Tourism embraces nearly all aspects of our society and is not
an activity for pastime & entertainment but is an enriching and
energizing activity.
Tourism is a complex and diverse business sector that operates in every
country in the world. Merriam-Webster defines tourism as: “the practice
of traveling for recreation.” Recreation today has many different
possibilities within the realm of tourism. People are traveling for
medical reasons (to help or be helped), for spiritual reasons, business,
adventure, relaxation, fun, education, etc. and any combination
thereof.
Tourism as a field is an interesting lens to view the issues of
environment, economy and culture through. It brings together the ideas
of luxurious relaxation and equal monetary distribution; in a way, it
equates the very rich with the extremely impoverished in that
those who are willing to spend large sums of money to lie around and
do nothing actually benefit those who do not otherwise have
access to wealth

2.1.2 Different forms of Tourism:
DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains
ECO-TOURISM the well being of the Local people contains the aspect for most, if not all form of
alternative Tourism.
2.1 Tourism
Page | 19
2.1 Tourism
World tourism is considered as a significant factor in the economy of

many nations. Today tourism related infrastructure in various parts of
the country has improved the quality of life of the local people and
helped to promote local arts and crafts. Tourism has contributed to
increase awareness about conservation of the environment and the
cultural heritage. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern
world. People have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see
monuments, arts and culture, taste new cuisine etc.
Tourism is multi-faceted phenomenon which involves

movement to and stay in destination outside the normal place
of residence.
Tourism is composed of three basic elements.
 A dynamic element which involves travel to a selected destination

or destinations.
 A static element which involves the stay in the destination.
 A consequential element resulting from the two
preceding elements, which is concerned with effect
on the economic, physical and social subsystems
with which the tourist is directly or indirectly
in contact.

2.1 Tourism
2.1.4 Tourism Development in India:
India’s glorious traditions and rich cultural heritage are closely related
with the development of tourism. Its magnificent monuments attract a
large number of tourists from all over the world. The natural
surroundings, the architectural masterpieces, the music, dance,
paintings, customs and languages all these go to make India as tourist
paradise. Indian tourism has become one of the major sectors of
the economy, contributing to a large proportion of the National Income
and generating huge employment opportunities. It has become the
fastest growing service industry in the country with great potentials for
its further expansion and diversification. Tourism has now become a
significant industry in India, contributing around 5.9 percent of the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing employment to about
41.8 million people. As per the World Travel & Tourism Council, the
tourism industry in India is likely to generate US$ 275 billion of
economic activity by 2018 and Hospitality sector has the potential to
earn US$ 40 billion in foreign exchange by 2018.
Graph 1: Total
contribution
of travel and
tourism to GDP in
India from
2013 to 2027(in
billion U.S.
dollars)*,
Source:
statista.com

2.1 Tourism
2.1.4 Tourism Development in India:
Early development
The first conscious and organized efforts to promote tourism in India
were made in 1945 when a committee was set up by the Government
considering tourism. Thereafter, the development of tourism was taken
up in a planned manner in 1956 coinciding with the five year plan but it
was in Sixth five year Plan that marked the beginning of a new era
when tourism began to be considered a major instrument for social
integration and economic development. But it was only after the 80’s
that tourism activity gained momentum. The Government took several
significant steps. A National Policy on tourism was announced in 1982.
Later in 1988, the National Committee on Tourism formulated a
comprehensive plan for achieving a sustainable growth in tourism. In
1992, a National Action Plan was prepared and in 1996 the National
Strategy for Promotion of Tourism was drafted. In 1997, the New
Tourism Policy recognized the roles of Central and State governments,
public sector undertakings and the private sector in the development of
tourism in India.
Present Situation
Tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of
6.23% to the national GDP and providing 8.78% of the total
employment. India witness’s more than 5 million annual foreign tourist
arrivals and 562 million domestic tourism visits.

2.1 Tourism
The Tourism Industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008

and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4%
annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the
development and promotion of tourism in India and maintains the
“Incredible India” campaign. According to World Travel and Tourism
Council, India will be a tourism hotspot from 2009-2018, having the
highest 10-year growth potential. As per the Travel and Tourism
Competitiveness Report 2009 by the World Economic Forum, India is
ranked 11th in the Asia Pacific region and 62nd overall, moving up three
places on the list of the world’s attractive destinations. It is ranked the
14th best tourist destination for its natural resources and 24th for its
cultural resources, with many World Heritage Sites, both natural and
cultural, rich fauna, and strong creative industries in the country. India
also bagged 37th rank for its air transport network. The India travel and
Tourism Industry ranked 5th in the long-term (10-year) growth and is
expected to be the second largest employer in the world by 2019.
Graph 2 : Direct and total contribution of travel and tourism to the

global economy from 2006 to 2016, Source: statista.com
2.1 Tourism
2.1.5 Tourism Development in Tamil Nadu:
About Tamil Nadu:
Tamil Nadu is a State with multifarious tourist attractions. It has

mountains, verdant vegetation, sandy beaches, mammoth monuments,
timeless temples, fabulous wildlife, scintillating 8 sculptures and
reverberating rural life. It has picturesque spots, continuing heritage,
cultural confluence and aesthetic magnificence. Tourism is declared as
an “Industry". Facilities for tourists.
Physical Features:
The land can be divided into five major physical divisions - the Kurinji
or mountainous region, the Mullai or forest region, the Palai or arid
region, the Marudham or the fertile plains and the Neidhal or coastal
region. The Eastern and Western Ghats meet in Tamil Nadu and run
along its eastern and western boundaries. The Cauvery River,
originating in the Coorg district of the neighboring state of Karnataka, is
the lifeline of the state. The lush Coromandal plains are irrigated by the
Cauvery and its Thanjavur-Nagapattinam delta is called the granary of
Tamil Nadu.
Palar, Pennar, Vaigai, and Tamiraparani are the other rivers of the state.

2.1 Tourism
Climate:
The climate of the state is tropical. April and May are the hottest
months with temperatures, rising to as high as, 40°C. During the day in
the summers, even the coastal regions are warm and humid. Nightfall,
however, brings some respite in the form of the cool sea breeze.
During the winter season, extending from November to February, the

mercury hardly falls below 20°C, except in the hill stations. The winter
monsoons of Tamil Nadu occur in the months of October to December.
Rivers:
Palar, Pennar, Vaigai, and Tamiraparani are the rivers of the state.
Population:
Area: 1,30,058 sq. km.
the population of Tamil Nadu from 2014-18, it is evident that the
population has gone up by 5.4856 Million in the previous 5 years..
Tamil Nadu Population 2019 –86.3712 Million. (estimated).

2.1 Tourism
Tourism in Tamil Nadu
Graph 3 : Tamil Nadu Tourism statistics for 2016,

Source: statista.com
Graph 4 : Tamil Nadu Tourists

statistics from 2012-15,
Source: statista.com

2.1 Tourism
2.1.6 Tourism circuits of Tamil Nadu:
The state of Tami Nadu has a treasure of religious Heritage buildings.

From the Cholan period to the local vernacular architecture most of the
buildings, are frequently visited by tourists. The state of Tamil Nadu is
divided in the five major tourist circuits namely:
• Nilgiri Voyage
• Kaveri Voyage
• Elephant Voyage
• Tribal Voyage
• Chola Voyage
Elephant Circuit
The study area i.e. Battamugilaalam falls in the Elephant circuit of the
state. The Elephant Voyage circuit passes in the shadow of the mighty
and majestic Bamboo forest and Shola forest ranges, which dominate
the beautiful Kolli valley, dotted by flower filled meadows, temples,
Bamboo forest and Tribal settlements.

2.1 Tourism
Objectives of Tourism Policy in Tamil Nadu:
 To promote economically, culturally and ecologically

sustainable tourism in Tamil Nadu.
 To promote responsible tourism, that will be welcomed as
both preferred employer and new community industry.
 To use tourism as a means of providing new employment
opportunities in rural, tribal and remote areas.
 To increase private sector participation in tourism, both
as a means of generating employment and providing new
infrastructure.
 Encourage different modes of tourism that focus to develop
activity based tourism so as to increase the duration of
tourist visits.
Strategies for Development through Tourism
Create low impact, non-degrading tourist infrastructure in

the region.
 Increase avenues to generate income from tourist activities.
 Enhancement of connectivity infrastructure.
 Enhanced tourist experience and a high quality
hospitability experience.
 Increase average length for stay of tourists in the state.
 Extension of tourist season in the state.

2.1 Tourism
2.1.7 Conclusion
Eco-Tourism in India is still at a very nascent stage, but there are for
sure conscious efforts to save the fragile natural environment, eco
system and culture and heritage of the indigenous people, which is
probably the largest concentration in the world. There are various forms
of ecotourism in India that attract an increasing number of tourists each
year. Some of the most prominent forms include Wildlife tourism, Agro
tourism, Village tourism and even Religious tourism. Of these, wildlife
tourism is emerging as one of the most popular forms of ecotourism in
India. India has an unbelievable diversity with respect to flora and fauna
and has some of the most renowned national parks and tiger reserves.
Apart from this, agro tourism is making its own mark and tourists are
flocking to India to get a taste of the natural life of the countryside.
These are 72 some of the aspects that have promoted ecotourism in
India to a great extent. However, India's full potential is yet to be
realized and in the future years the country can expect to reap some
great rewards. The significance of eco-tourism in India, especially at
Tamil Nadu, the home to many natural resources, grand Hindu temples
of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious
pilgrimage sites and state has eight UNESCO World Heritage sites.
An analysis and interpretation on the growth and development of

tourism in India and tourists perception and understanding
about eco-tourism.

2.2 Typology
2.2.1 Eco-tourism
Ecotourism, a unique subset of the tourism industry, is ‚focused on the
enhancement or maintenance of natural systems through tourism.
Ecotourism means different things to different people. To some, it is the
general term that encompasses nature-based, adventure, soft adventure,
and cultural tourism. The term ecotourism was coined in 1983 by
“Hctor Ceballos Lascurain” a Mexican environmentalist, and was
initially used to describe nature based travel to relatively undisturbed
areas with an emphasis on education. Ecotourism guarantees the
sustainable use of environmental resources, while generating economic
Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development 775 opportunities for
the local people (Farrell & Runyan 2001; Bhattacharya, Chowdhury and
Sarkar, 2011).Ecotourism itself is meant to be a sustainable form of
natural resource-based tourism.
Environmentally responsible travel and visitation to natural areas, in
order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural
features, both past and present) that promote conservation, have a low
visitor impact and provide for beneficially active socio-economic
involvement of local peoples (Joshi, 2011)
Ecotourism tries to raise environmental consciousness by exploring
ecology and ecosystems and by providing environmental type
experiences. Taking part in ecology actively and getting first hand
impressions of how ecosystems work influence peoples’ ways of
thinking, which finally raises awareness of conservation and protection
(Ecotourism – Sustainable Tourism in National Parks and Protected
Areas, 2005).
2.2 Typology
2.2.2 Ecotourism and types:
Image 7 : Ecotourism and types,

Source: ecotourism.com
This diagram shows the different areas that ecotourism affects within a
local community. Ecotourism focuses on repairing and conserving local
biodiversity and enhancing what they can. It can stimulate the economy
by buying food from local farmers, hiring locals for labour or tour
guides, and of course guests buying trinkets from local shop owners.

2.2 Typology
2.2.3 Logics of Order: Eco-tourism:
Ecotourism is a very dependent business. I mean this in a good way. In
order for an eco endeavour to operate successfully, all people and
elements must work together and be at the same level of importance. No
one person is in charge, no one goal is more important, no one tourist
draw is better than others. For example, a local farmer unable to grow
the crop necessary to feed the guests is just as bad as the manager
leaving in the middle of a shift and the operation falling to shambles.
True ecotourism must have all pieces working together at all times to
ensure that it remains sustainable. It has what can be called a horizontal
operating structure.
This is perhaps the most difficult aspect to understand and achieve in

these endeavours, and it deals more with operation than with
architecture. However, even the architects who design Eco lodges need
to be an integral part of the organization, no more or less important than
the person funding it.
The attached policy seeks to alleviate the problem of organization

within the collaborative design team. It attempts to outline every section
clearly so that its users can understand what needs to be accomplished,
the specialist most suited to reach that goal and where goals overlap
and require extra collaboration between specific individuals. The hope
is with this policy, collaborative design won’t appear to be more
difficult than individual design and ecotourism projects will become
easier to design, manage, monitor and certify.
2.2 Typology
Horizontal & Interconnected Structure
nature of ecotourism operations.

Image 8 : Horizontal nature of Ecotourism,
The diagram represents the

Source: ecotourism.com
interwoven/ horizontal
In ecotourism, the lack
of hierarchy means that
every piece of the
operation must fit
well with the others to
ensure success. If one
piece does not fit, the
operation is in danger
of failure. There is no
formal structure to the
components that make
up an ecotourism
endeavour. Everyone,
and everything relies on
each other to make the
system work. Remove
one, and there is a fatal
needs support from another
another to work that in turn
removed, the whole system
flaw that harms the

charted. Each part needing
piece. If any one aspect is

this very complex system
of interdependencies is
intent and success of the

operation.
will fail.

2.2 Typology
Any structures built on site should use local
knowledge and research to determine the
best type of structure with respect to local
tradition and site conditions. Image 9 : Local Houses

Source: Vernacular Houses of Tamil
Nadu.com
Social benefits need to be part of the

endeavours. These are things like clinic that
both the locals and the eco endeavour would
gain something from.
Image 10 : Agriculture
Source: Physicalfeatures.com
Environmental rehabilitation should be

undertaken. This project in Pondicherry
Sadhana Forest attempts to halt
desertification with a “green wall.”
Image 11 : View of Water forest plants
Source: Sadhanaforest.org
Any systems put in should fit in to the
landscape. This is a basic black water
filtration system that uses natural systems to
provide clean water for locals.
Image 12 : View of Drainage
Source: Author

2.2 Typology
Education must be key to the endeavour.

Educating the locals and guests ensures they
gain an understanding of the problems the
world faces and what they can do to help.
Image 13 : View of Learning in Forest
All parts of the operation need to be

sustainable. That means even tours into the
environment should be mindful of the harm
they can cause and minimize it as much as
possible.
Image 14 : View of Sin boards
BOTTOM LINE POLICY: All interjections into natural

environments should cause no detrimental Effect. Any change in the
Environment should be restorative in nature and improve the original
conditions.

2.2 Typology
2.2.4 Place:
Place. In this instance place can be defined as “a proper or designated
niche or setting” (Battamugilaalam). By this I mean to say that place is
not necessarily a defined site, rather a set of desired characteristics that
help to locate a specific site. Something that could help narrow down
the most appropriate location for an eco-endeavour in the scope of this
project.
When determining place I considered three of the factors very important

to ecotourism: environment, economy, and culture. Ecotourism is a
capitalist endeavour first and foremost. It must have specific elements
to draw guests in like adventure or leisure activities, but it must also
have elements key to the goals of ecotourism, like education and
conservation.
What does this mean when finding an appropriate location? Ecotourism

can take place anywhere, just as normal tourism, but it is most often
associated with nature and education in addition to fun. However,
ecotourism endeavours that seek to fulfil the goals discussed in the
attached policy will often locate themselves in places that are
in need of help. Places with high poverty rates or an environment that is
in danger of being overexploited; somewhere with high educational
value for visitors and locals alike.

2.2 Typology
2.2.4 Place:
When I considered a place for my Eco-tourism, two factors were
important: a location in a country that falls on the “Least Developed
Villages” list, because these are villages that would greatly benefit from
a new type of economic gain, and somewhere with a forest with a high
level of species diversity, and without which the world would move
faster towards catastrophic climate change. From there, the chosen
village will be studied to find possible tourism draws like sites and
cultures that can help to narrow down a more specific location for
construction and operation.
It is important to note that these criteria were evaluated as a way to

meet specific goals of the final design project and do not imply that
all eco-endeavours must be in low-income villages with natural forests.
There is also a breakdown of the various factors of ecotourism that

could drive an endeavour. It gives examples of the three driving factors:
environment, economy and culture, and various elements that can
comprise these factors. It then utilizes the idea that ecotourism can take
place anywhere, for any reason, to postulate possible scenarios of
where, how and why other ecotourism endeavours could take place.
Ideally, this will help illustrate the fact that a low-income village or a
forest are not needed to create a successful endeavour's desirable
activity and a drive from local communities is all an
endeavour needs to get started.

2.2 Typology
2.2.4 Place:
I have chosen to work in Bettamugulaalam for the final design project.
Bettamugulaalam fits the criteria. As well, 45% of Denkanikottai is
covered in Bambooforest, about 3 percent of which is untouched old
growth forest (Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan).
Denkanikottai does not have much of a tourism presence, however, the
Bambooforest, popular endangered species, numerous attractive natural
features, in addition to a strong tribal culture makes it a very interesting
and desirable location to operate an ecotourism endeavour. There are
many different organizations running programs in Denkanikottai to help
rehabilitate the villages. These organizations may prove to be very
useful in the implementation of ecotourism in hard to reach areas where
they may have good relations with locals.

To determine place I decided
Ecotourism endeavours focus on three that the base criteria would be
aspects when choosing a location: an to find a site located within a
economy that can possibly be country listed on the Low
stimulated, an interesting culture, ECOTOURISM income village that contained
and a desirable environment a forest.
2.2.4 Place:
ECONOMY
CULTURE ENVIRONMENT

Looking for:
Many have tourism as part of -Large amount of biodiversity
poverty reduction strategy -Provide ingredients for many
-Festivals and events
-People of the community medicines
-Want to develop further -Contain large amount of energy
-Interesting architecture
economic gain from high sunlight levels
-Monuments
-Low literacy rates -Maintain water cycle to prevent
-Large portion of population drought
living in poverty -Also causing massive erosion
2.2 Typology
-Few have access to improved that further damages ecosystems

sanitation
Page | 39
like streams
-Possible political turbulence
2.2 Typology
2.2.4 Place:
Multiple site selection: To show the different ways eco-endeavours
can arise, be operated and marketed, the following page lists different
features of ecotourism that can be combined to create a wide variety of
project types.
Economic conditions do not need to be poor, however many ecotourism

endeavours operate in countries with large numbers of impoverished
people.
Cultural conditions
Interesting cultural elements can help
in diversifying visitor experiences,
encouraging longer stays with less long
distance travel.
Villages suffering
from extreme poverty
or experiencing great
wealth
Agriculture changing
to dry land without
rainfall.
Environmental condition
An desirable environment is the base
Landscapes from fornEco tourists. But attention must
desert to greenery
be paid to ecotourism’s ability to
restore as well as protect
environments.
The architecture in which the major creative force is the local needs,
construction materials, which reflects a long local tradition is called
Vernacular architecture. Vernacular architecture shows slow evolution
over time and reflects environmental, Historical, Cultural,
Technological and Economic context in which it exists.
It has a long sandy seacoast and a vast expanse of semi-arid plains, once
covered with scrub forests, grass and groves
of bamboo. Water was scarce and wells per
village were few in numbers. Families
clustered together, to be close to each other Image 15 : Vernacular Houses
Source: academia.edu
and to the source of water. Wood was never in abundance, but was used
for columns and beams. Rafters and reapers were usually of bamboo.
The pride of each house was the front door and this was carved and
decorated to be as welcoming and auspicious as could be. Trees were
felled from nearby, preferably from the house owners own compound.
The village set rules where trees could and
could not be felled. The potters made the
terracotta roofing tiles floors were most often
made of rammed mud, finished with the or
baked brick or mud which were also regularly treated with the cow
dung slurry, which kept the bus away with its antiseptic properties.
Most Tamil houses have an inner courtyard which is used for drying
grains, shelling pods and for functions. There is a raised veranda or
small area in the front of the house, called a Tinnai.
Houses in Tamil Nadu:
The character of a Tamil Nadu vernacular house is the story unit which
is basically a cuboid. The smallest houses are stacked with only ground
floor. The size of the house increases by placing cuboids side by side
and then extending. Each house is determined by capacity. The capacity
is not only the size of the family but also the family’s socio economic
status. Spaces of dwelling are used in a pattern that makes it a cohesive
unit.
The type of mud-house construction is Rammed Earth in which damp

earth lay between the formwork and molded and compacted by
ramming. The huts were made of local materials like timber, bamboo,
clay, straw, cow dung, and a special variety of grass called nanal were
used to build houses. The walls were made of mud mixed with cow
dung and chopped straw to make the raw material for the walls. The
walls are approximately 450 mm thick.
The huts usually had a thatched roof. Bamboo sticks formed the
mullions to support the thatch. The thick thatch used as roofing material
prevented rain from entering the house and at the same time provided
insulation to the building
Image 16 : Raised Plat forms -
Thinnai
Source: researchgate.net
Image 17 : Traditional hut
Source: researchgate.net

Construction Technique:
There are 2 different types of traditional building construction
techniques:
Rammed earth Construction Technique:

The method of constructing mud walls by ramming needs to have
parallel wooden planks held apart, tied at both ends with wooden planks
and bolts. Mud is thrown into space between the planks and then
rammed down with wooden ramrod. Once the layer is completed the
next layer is created. Mud walls possess natural insulating properties
suited for our climatic conditions.
Image 18 : Rammed Earth Construction Image 19 : Laying dried weaved coconut

Source:indjst.org fronds Source:indjst.org
Bamboo and earth Construction Technique:

This Technique uses mud as a plaster to cover thin panels of cane, split
bamboo or other stalks that are woven together and held in place by
wooden or bamboo posts and beams. This is called Wattle and Daub.
Image 21:
Wattle and
Daub
Construction
Image 20 : Wattle and Daub House Source:Internet
Source:thannal.com
Major design elements to control the thermal
environment in the buildings to suite the climatic conditions
of the place:
• Shape of the building (massing),
• Fenestration (size, positioning and orientation of windows),
• Building fabric (insulation & thermal storage),
• Solar control (shading & surface finishes),
• Ventilation
Courtyard House
Image 22 : Courtyard minimum
openings and projected eaves reduce
solar heat gain and regulate air flow
through building
Source:indiaenvironmentportal.org
Mud walls with compacted mud

flooring with thatched roof are good
thermal and acoustic insulators;
they protect from weather
conditions and are biodegradable
Image 23:Laying dried weaved
coconut fronds
Image 24:Thatch roof and wall


Climate Type Adverse Climatic Climate Method Response Strategies

Elements
Warm-Humid High heat, Minimize heat 1.Thin bar building
High humidity gain with an east-west
Insolation Maximize axis.
Small diurnal ventilation 2. Cross ventilation
variation Maximize 3. High ceilings
shading 4. Ventilated roof
5. Window shading
all the year
6. Shaded Veranda
TABLE-1:Building tactics for warm-humid climate type
An average hut measured
approximately 5 to 6 meters long
and 3 to 4 meters wide. There are
also a considerable number of
the larger huts that extend up to
12 to 14 meters in length and 8
to 9 meters in width. A typical
hut usually consists of a
multipurpose space and a
kitchen with storage space in the
Image 25:Plan of a typical hut front
Source:jmest.org
Image 26:Raised Plat forms -Thinnai Image 27:Kitchen space in the hut
Source:jmest.org Source:jmest.org
Courtyard Traditional House:
Understanding and exploring Traditional vernacular House of Tamil
Nadu.
Image 29:Elevtion of the typical unit

Image 30
:Thinnai
Source:indiaen
Image 28:Plan of a Typical Unit in Thanjavur vironmentportal
Source:indiaenvironmentportal.org .org
Parameters Features Remarks

Planning North south oriented Solar passive House
Designing Living hall and Private Average design owing to

rooms oriented around changed
the courtyard. lifestyle pattern
Materials & Solar passive Building Highly energy efficient,
Techniques technique Low cost and
sustainable
Openings Human Thermal comfort Maintains conducive
temperature
inside
Sunspaces Long verandas in front Helps in maintaining
and courtyard comfort level
inside rooms
Table 2:Parameters for Courtyard House
2.3.4 Conclusion
In the forest, the elements of nature shape the spatial order and the man
has to adapt himself to these forces. The traditional architecture of
Tamil Nadu is the outcome of the prevailing topography, extremes of
the climate and other natural forces. Indigenous architectural solutions
have responded well to these natural forces. Moreover the study of
vernacular architecture is the prerequisite for understanding the
architecture style and factors shaping it. Typical building construction
style also highlights socio economic and cultural factors of the region.
Further It helps to realize the potential of vernacular technology which
is affordable, energy efficient and earthquake resistant.
Structures done by natural materials and vernacular practices set high

degree of quality of finishes and workmanship which motivates the
present generation to raise the quality quote. Now a day’s information
on vernacular practices is available and had encouraged modern
architects to take their view of vernacular practices to different level.
Rejuvenating these sustainable practices help us to know how well to

use the local materials, how the building is created and constructed in
their respective places, how well it is suitable for the climate and how it
is in harmony with environment by not harming the environment. Best
part being the quality achieved through these materials motivates to
raise quality quote for present day execution process.

CHAPTER 3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.1 Conservation Architecture
3.2 Case Study
3.3 Rural Tourism Conservation
Architecture
3.4 Case Study
3.5 Literary observation

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.1 Conservation Architecture:
Architectural conservation describes the process through which the

material, historical, and design integrity of any built heritage are
prolonged through carefully planned interventions
Why Conserve?
The majority of India’s architectural heritage and sites are unprotected.
They constitute a unique civilization legacy, as valuable as the
monuments legally protected by ASI/ SDA and other governmental and
non-governmental agencies. This legacy is being steadily eroded as a
result of insensitive modernization and urbanization, and the fact that it
does not command the same respect as legally protected monuments.
Many unprotected heritage sites are still in use, and the manner in
which they continue to be kept in use represents the ‘living’ heritage of
India.
What to Conserve?
The objective of conservation is to maintain the significance of the
architectural heritage or site. Significance is constituted in both the
tangible and intangible forms.
The tangible heritage includes historic buildings of all periods, their
setting in the historic precincts of cities and their relationship to the
natural environment. It also includes culturally significant modern
buildings and towns.

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
The intangible heritage includes the extant culture of traditional
building skills and knowledge, rites and rituals, social life and lifestyles
of the inhabitants, which together with the tangible heritage constitutes
the ‘living’ heritage. Both tangible and intangible heritage, and
especially the link between them, should be conserved.
Conservation ethics
Authenticity
The traditional knowledge systems and the cultural landscape in which
it exists, particularly if these are ‘living’, should define the authenticity
of the heritage value to be conserved.
Conjecture
Conjectural restoration or rebuilding must nevertheless respect the
overall spatial and volumetric composition of historic settings. The
parameters of the historical setting should be defined through
comprehensive urban design studies
Integrity
The integrity of the heritage is to be defined and interpreted not only in
terms of the physical fabric of the building, but also with respect to the
collective knowledge systems and cultural
landscape it represents

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
Patina
The patination of historic fabric due to age or natural decay should not
compel the preservation of a ruin as it exists, frozen in time and space.
In conformity with local aesthetic traditions, and for the well being of
the heritage building or site, renewal, restoration, repair or rebuilding is
acceptable
Conjecture
Conjectural restoration or rebuilding must nevertheless respect the
overall spatial and volumetric composition of historic settings. The
parameters of the historical setting should be defined through
comprehensive urban design studies
Integrity
The integrity of the heritage is to be defined and interpreted not only in
terms of the physical fabric of the building, but also with respect to the
collective knowledge systems and cultural landscape it represents.

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
OBJECTIVES
Preservation It is necessary to retain the specific visual

identity of a place created by the presence of
unprotected architectural heritage and sites.
The objective must be to integrate unprotected
heritage and sites into daily social life by
balancing their needs
Adaptation
The objective of conservation should be to sustain the building and/or the
traditional skill and knowledge system of
building. In this context, continuity must be
seen as evolving over time. The test of its validity must be the positive
contribution it makes to the quality of life of the local community.
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
Maintenance
The re-use of historic buildings and neighbourhoods

is economically sensible. It is an effective strategy to
conserve architectural heritage, particularly by using
traditional craftspeople in the process. Such re-use
distinguishes between preservation as an ideal on the
one hand and, on the other, the goal to prolong the useful life of
architectural heritage by retaining as much of the surviving evidence as
a vestigial presence.
Restoration
Restoration is an appropriate conservation
strategy to reinstate the integrity or complete
the fractured ‘whole’ of the architectural
heritage/ site. It must aim to convey the
meaning of the heritage in the most effective
manner
Reconstruction
The use of local materials and traditional technologies must invariably

be preferred. Their choice must be based
on the availability of traditional
knowledge systems. Modern substitutes
should be considered only after their use
is proven efficient and judicious, and must not compromise the
integrity and continuity of local building traditions
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.2 Case study-Pondicherry
Pondicherry’s unique architecture, the threats it is facing and what is

being done by INTACH it is collaboration
with the Government and the citizens in
Pondicherry to preserve this rapidly
disappearing heritage, a valuable generator
of local income and employment in tourism. Image 31:Rue Francis Martin
Source:INTACH
As preserving architectural heritage is not
priority in developing country. But it is
important to take action to preserve the
unique identity of the city otherwise this
valuable asset can generate income by
Image 32:75,Rue Cary tourism promotion.
Source:INTACH
INTACH is a non-governmental ,non-

profit organisation that makes strategic
and timely intervention to conserve and
promote Indian natural, built and living
heritage. It helps to preserve and enhance
Image 33:65, Rue Calve’s
local heritage Source:jmest.org
Presently, Pondicherry is one of the 7 union territories in

India. With a population of 12 lakh living in an area of 480 sq.km
it has a high population. The population of Pondicherry has been
growing at the rate of nearly 30%, as revealed by census 2011.
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
Timeline:
Pondicherry has an interesting cross-cultural History and its built form
lends an unique identity to the town. The old part of Pondicherry is
known as Boulevard Town since it is bounded by four boulevards that
once constituted the outer limits of the city’s fortification. The
Boulevard Town presents two architectural styles in Tamil and French
quarters, which are separated by a canal and unified by a rectilinear grid
plain French town the buildings are in European style adopted to a
Tropical climate, whereas in the Tamil town area they are in the Local
Vernacular.
Image 36:Timeline of Pondicherry

Source:INTACH
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
Image 37:French Street Image 38:Tamil Street

Source:INTACH Source:INTACH
Image 39:Settlement palnning

Source:INTACH

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
Documentation of heritage buildings, comprising preparation of

measure drawings and taking photographs, is a central part of
INTACH’s work. It is the basis for carrying out various activities
related to preservation of the built heritage. These activities include
restoration, adaptable re use and extension of listed buildings, design
new buildings in heritage precincts, preparation of publications and
conducting awareness programs
Image 40:French Street
Source:INTACH
Image 40:Tamil Street

Source:INTACH
Image 41:Heritage Planning

Source:INTACH
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
LEGAL PROTECTION
Image 42:Restoration Building

Source:INTACH
RESTORATION
 The objectives of the programme were:
 To address urban and environmental issues and enhance residents’

quality of life
 To develop global networking and introduce a participative

process through decentralized planning and management
 To encourage the exchange of information between partner cities
Image 43:Preserving
Source:INTACH
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
HERITAGE PRESERVATION INITIATIVES

Model Street Restoration
The principal objective of the project was to

preserve one of the very few remaining Tamil
streets and to evoke a sense of pride and
ownership among the community. The project
represented an effort by local residents, heritage
professionals and the Asia Urbs Programme to
forestall further loss of Pondicherry’s heritage
buildings and therefore its identity, and to
demonstrate an alternative approach to modern
development
A section of Vysial Street, also known as Rue

Calve Subraya Chetty, located between Rue de
Mission and Gandhi Street, which had retained
the traditional Tamil character and flavour was
selected.
The street is named after Calve Subraya Chettiar,a

wealthy banker and philanthropist who lived there
at the turn URBAN HERITAGE in Indian Cities Image 44:Street Restoration
41 of the twentieth century Source:INTACH

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
The project covered façade restoration, improvements to the street surface

and walkways, and general improvements to services such as organizing
the telecommunication lines, street lights, drains etc
Facades of 20 houses were restored to their original pattern and colour

schemes including providing new wooden grills between wooden posts,
replacement of damaged Mangalore tiles, repair and replacement of
damaged wood rafters, battens, ceiling tiles, doors and windows, restoring
column flutings, and exposure of granite edging or original plastered
surface of thinnais etc. introducing necessary new details to ensure their
durability.
The project also included redesigning of the exteriors of the eight new
buildings by providing verandas and other features like traditional doors
and windows to ensure they harmonize with the older buildings
All work was accomplished in accordance with approved

conservation standards with the use of traditional lime mortars
and sensitive repairs to the historic fabric. The project was titled the
“Model Street and Facade Restoration Project
Image 45:Restoration
Source:INTACH
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.2 Rural Tourism
The richness and diversity of natural and cultural assets in rural areas
presents an important potential for the development of tourism and
recreational activities. Rural tourism is the main means of rural
development. Rural tourism has economic and socio-cultural impact on
rural development. Rural tourism includes not only farm tourism, green
tourism or highland tourism but also nature vacations and especially
ecotourism, shopping, skiing, cycling and horseback nature sightseeing,
adventure, rafting, sports, thermal tourism, hunting and fishing, art,
history and ethnic indexed tourism type.
Rural Tourism
Rural Rural
Rural Life Rural Activity
Environment Heritage
Rural Tourism – Traditional Architecture Relation
In the emergence and development of rural tourism the followings are

leading conditions: the geographical location of the place, the natural
beauties, the existence of historical and cultural values, and the
preservation of these values, infrastructure competence, the existence of
traditional rural production forms and the possibility of presenting
them to tourists, accommodation facilities and the local people being
volunteer for tourism affairs. The priority of rural tourism is to create
environmental management projects that do not interfere with the
natural-cultural texture.
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.2 Rural Tourism
The environmental management refers to the system that includes the

organizational structure, the responsibilities, policies, practices,
procedures, processes and resources meant to achieve and maintain a
specific environmental behaviour that can reduce the impact caused
by Daily operations of establishments on the natural environment
(Erdoğan, 2009). The tourist profile of rural tourism prefers a respectful
planning and construction that is sensitive to the environment,
harmonious with the nature but not forcing its carrying capacities, and
is compatible with the local architect. For this reason, rural tourism also
affects the preservation of traditional architectural style positively.
Traditional architecture could be sustained because of the necessities of

life, through climate adaptation and the use of materials. It can be used
to give a clear limitation to the local concept of sustainability for
architecture and environmental planners, and supply hope for
architecture science to turn back to the local traditional architecture
because the local architectural typology is really successfully
responding in a way that is most appropriate with the local
climatic conditions.
Although traditional architecture, local architecture, rural architecture
and ecological architecture are separated from one another, the design
parameters evolve around the same main criteria. The ecological
architecture must have certain corresponding design principles and
design objects pointing to various components.
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.2 Case study-Mumbai
1.Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism
In sociology, ethnocentrism occurs when we use our cultures to judge

or measure the worth of other cultures that may be different from ours.
Often, without meaning to, we in urban India do this when it comes to
rural areas.
Compared to this, cultural relativism is the act of viewing and
understanding a culture from its own eyes. Travel to rural areas
ultimately helps us to be less ethnocentric and more accepting of the
ways of a different culture, especially in a country as culturally diverse
as India.
2.A Need for Environmental Responsibility

Rural India, being largely agricultural and often even subsistent, relies
heavily on nature. There is little overconsumption and often a reverence
for nature among tribes and villages that is missing from urban India,
where too often goals of profit and industrialization for ‘progress’
overlook the necessity for sustainability.
Visits to rural India can wake cities up to the reality that we can
survive, and even be happy by having just what we need. Even more
so, travel helps us understand our carbon footprint and how on any
level we can reduce it and make many lives better, especially lives that
depend on nature for their survival.

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.Learning and Acculturation

Acculturation is, in sociology, the inevitable exchange that occurs when
two cultures meet. Rural India can definitely benefit from many of the
comforts created by industrialization. However, we have a lot to learn
from village life too. Many skills to do with agriculture, sustainability
and sometimes, even subsistence, can be taught to us by those who do
much of this on a daily basis.
4.Collectivism vs. Alienation

Often in industrial setups and large cities we are alienated,
individualistic and disconnected from the world save for anything that
goes on online. The collective culture of small villages and tribes help
us form a bond with the people around us, and viewing
interdependence in a completely different way. You may end up
personally connecting with your neighbours and even those whose
services you employ, forming a primary group with face-to-face
interaction rather than only a cold, contribution and work-based
secondary group.
5.Finding Comfort in Discomfort

Learning to step outside the comforts of urban life and facing the
hardships of rural life really helps us value the contribution of rural
India. Among other things, living without Wi-Fi, bathtubs, and colossal
malls is a lesson in humility, learning to accept and adapt to discomfort.

3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
Image 46:Mumbai Ecotourism

Source:grassroutes.org
Page | 65
3.0 SPECIAL STUDY
3.5 Literary Observation:
Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials Case Studies in Ecotourism.

and Possibilities. Buckley, Ralph.
Wallingford: CABI Publishing,
-Stephen Waring and John Neil. 2003. Print.
2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.,
2009. Print.
Buckley’s book of case studies
This book will help with provided two things: a reference
understanding the basics of of possible projects suitable for
tourism, and one of its subtypes: an in depth case study and
ecotourism. It reviews the origins an understanding of the vast
of ecotourism, current policy and number of activities that are
planning frameworks, considered ecotourism. After
sustainability requirements for reading this, I have a more
protected areas and provides a comprehensive understanding of
base for understanding community the different components of
development. And understand ecotourism and how they might
what has been done and the pros work together to form a full and
and cons of their tactics. enjoyable tourism experience.

CHAPTER 4.0 SYNOPSIS
4.1 Need of the Project
4.2 Intention
4.3 Objective
4.8 User typology
4.9 Methodology
4.10 Assumptions

4.0 SYNOPSIS
4.1 Need of the Project:
A key reason for the growing focus of Eco-Interpretation

Centre is that it represents the greening of the community
around the area and cutting the edges of ideas, action, and
technologies which will hopefully lead the way for sustainable
future for the community and tourism Industry. Awareness of
Local community.
4.2 Intention:
One step at a time! Creating sustainable community centred experiential

platforms to understand rural living. The dream that keeps us going!
To trigger a more conscientious society through rural engagements.
4.3 Objective
A need for an open, living and formal setting for
collective growth that focuses on idea to “think globally and
act locally” which would promote a socio-cultural &
sociostructural growth within the nation. This above objective
becomes much easier and relative in a setting like India as the
country portrays a composite culture i.e a perfect blend of
economy, environment and culture.

4.0 SYNOPSIS
 Improve ecosystems in decline or sustain healthy ecosystems

 Empower local cultures through financial means while allowing
them to maintain their unique identity
 Provide an enriching and genuine experience for the traveller
Culture & Tourism industry is very vast and provides a plethora of

cultural dynamics nationally as well as globally. For a thorough study to
be carried out it is very necessary to set a limitation to the setting or
defining a potential ground of study. Thus considering the time
constraint of the thesis, the focus area will be limited to a stretch of 1km
between 5 nodes.
Create a global platform for Rural art and architecture in all the creative
personas to teach, learn and showcase their work on public grounds
who in return gets formally sensitized to creative expressions leading a
dialogue with the individual to learn.

4.0 SYNOPSIS
Rural development project with an aim to restore the associative

cultural identity of village via explicitly bringing out the role of nature
along with the culture in making of settlements, clusters and building
types.
4.8 User typology
Tourists, Visitors, Locals, Artists, Workshop Participants, Local

Artisans, Farmers, Wildlife animals, Local Infrastructure.
4.9 Methodology
Study of the settlement - Study of related literature -Overview of case

examples - Comprehensive study of the village and local construction
practices - Identification of potential nodes for intervention -
Preparation of guidelines for village development - Generating physical
and spatial Programmatic requirements - Design Proposal.
4.10 Assumptions
The project assumes to provide a new way of pursuing and conserving
architecture via establishing a dialogue in a public space. This module
of cultural preservation is a two way approach of interaction between
community and tourists i.e. Locales, tourists and travellers.

CHAPTER 5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.1 Based on Functional Character
5.1.1 Eco link-Wayanad, Kerala, India
5.2 Based on Village Redevelopment
5.3 Based on Vernacular Construction System
5.3.1 Gandhi Nu Gaam, Ludiya , Kutch, Gujarat, India
5.4 Based on Forest and community development
5.4.1 Pichadikulam, Pondicherry, India
5.5 Based on Rural Tourism
5.5.1 Kamarpukur, West Bengal, India
5.5.2 Obsaya Village,Turkey

5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.1 Based on Functional Character
5.1.1 Eco link-Wayanad, Kerala, India:
Uravu Indigenous Science and Technology Study Centre commonly

known as Uravu located in Thrikaipetta village of Wayanad District,
Kerala is a not for profit, non-governmental organisation that strives for
rural empowerment through sustainable solutions. Established in 1996,
URAVU works with people, governments and businesses to facilitate
initiatives with the prime motive of sustainable development and
implements focused end-to-end programs in the bamboo sector.
Image 47:URAVU Entrance

Source:Ecolinks.org
Promotion of bamboo handicrafts and utility products as a sustainable
alternative and means of employment for rural women and promotion
and cultivation of bamboo for its environmental and economic benefits
are the core activities of the organisation. Uravu’s bamboo nursery is
the largest in South India in terms of species diversity and hosts around
50 different species. Uravu has trained and established 16 SHGs that
depend on bamboo handicrafts as their primary source of livelihood.
Around 200 artisans- 90% women- work in these SHGs. These SHGs
are organised in the form of a cluster

5.0 CASE STUDIES
The common facility centre is the nerve centre of all the activities and
provide forward and backward linkages to the SHGs. The CFC also
hosts our in house designers and trainers, art enthusiastic, student and
designers across the globe who constantly engage in efforts and
research to redefine bamboo.
Uravu’s major contribution lies in main streaming bamboo based
economic activities in Kerala. It has helped tremendously to improve
the social status of bamboo artisans by removing caste based
perceptions in the occupation. Their per day income levels have rose
from Rs. 20-30 in 1990s to Rs. 250 – Rs. 1500 now. From 8 families in
1996, around 100 families depend on bamboo based actives as their
primary income source in Thrikaipetta village alone today, transforming
the whole village economy. This small rural remote village is known
today for its expertise in bamboo and is identified and acclaimed across
the globe as a bamboo village. The sate government has also
acknowledged this growth by declaring Thrikapetta as the first and the
only heritage village in Bamboo in Kerala.
Vision
Rural Empowerment through Sustainable
Solutions.
MISSION
To inspire, initiate, innovate and implement
processes from the premises of eco-fraternity to
facilitate sustainable development.
To identify and promote secure means of
livelihood out of sustainable alternatives thereby reducing rural poverty.
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Impact
The Thrikkaipetta village in Wayanad district is now known as the
Heritage Village of Bamboo, the only one of its kind in the state of
Kerala. The village could now boast of a heritage built around bamboo,
the green gold. In the homesteads in the village, small farmers cultivate
several species of bamboo and reap substantial secondary income.
There are a couple of innovative bamboo houses, bamboo bridges and
even a bamboo bus shelter in the village. There is a demonstrative
bamboo grove and bamboo cottages built in it that receive tourists.
Environmental
 Improved bamboo species availability in and
across Wayanad district through promotion of
bamboo cultivation in non-forest areas. Reduced
forest dependency for bamboos.
Social
 Evolved micro enterprises wherein women from
different caste, class and community groups
work together.
 Improved the social status of bamboo artisans by
removing caste-based perceptions on the occupation.
Economic
 Has helped to mainstream the bamboo based
economic activities and establish it as a sustainable
mode of livelihood.

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 48:Bamboo Planning

Source:Ecolinks.org
Initiated by a group of individuals who were seeking alternative ways

of living where social consciousness and sustainable economic and
political involvement were essential complements of daily life, URAVU
is a nongovernmental organization working in Thrikkaipetta village in
Wayanad district of Kerala. The network now comprises of the Uravu
Indigenous Science & Technology Study Centre, a non-profit trust;
Uravu Eco Links Ltd., implementing and marketing company; Kalpetta
Bamboo Cluster Producers’ Association, a society of artisans and Uravu
Bamboo Village, a community collective in the village. Working with
local people,

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Uravu Bamboo Grove Resort:

An eco-friendly community tourism project,
the resort is a standing revelation of
homespun designs and proof to their
resilience and efficiency. A spectacular
combination of local and international
knowledge and the involvement of local
people resulted in the creation of this golden
Image 49:Natural lighting assured in the edifice near Kalpetta,12 km from Soochipara
unit
Falls.
PROJECT : URAVU INDIGENOUS SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STUDY CENTRE
LOCATION : WAYANAD, KERALA
INSTITUTION : NGO
DESIGN TEAM : BAMBOO PRODUCT MAKING
Image 50:A 450 sq. ft model house
Source:eco-limks.org AND SKILL TRAINING
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Inferences
• Inter-relationship between closed, open ,
semi-open spaces to create natural and fresh
working environment.
• Building modules are effectively placed in
such a way to form beautiful scenary.
• Dwellings repeat to form beautiful
Image 51:Community centre homestays with own garden space.
Source:eco-limks.org

5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.2 Based on Village Redevelopment
Anegundi or Anegondi actually means Elephant Gorge (Ane = elephant;
Gundi = Gorge). The depth of the river in this area is of the height of an
elephant, making it a convenient location to bathe elephants. Gundi also
means ‘group’ since a stable was located here one could see elephant
herds and hence the name Anegundi. Anegundi is the cradle city of
Vijayanagara.
Anegundi is situated on the banks of the river Tungabhadra. While
strolling along this mantappa dotted landscape, you feel as if time
stands still! Traditional coracles (light weight round boats with a
bamboo frame, covered with buffalo-hide, said to have been used since
pre-historic times) are still in use today.
Anegundi’s architectural heritage is relatively unspoilt and it’s inspiring
landscape makes it not only an important heritage site, but a living,
natural one as well.
With the help of The Kishkinda Trust (TKT), the implementing agency
of endogenous tourism in Anegundi, the village has become a role
model in heritage conservation and a number of sustainable and
development projects.
Image 53:North Gate to Anegundi Image 54:Culture of Anegundi

Source:tkt Source:tkt

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 55:Map of Anegundi Village

Source:tkt
The humble architecture of Anegundi as a matter of pride and example to show how
conservation is a progressive concept rather than the misconception of it being
hindrance of development. In this process we have involved communities also we
have been actively documenting village homes and ruined houses, and some with
suggested plans that relate to the current needs and materials. Needless to mention
that we have a few examples of living projects such as heritage homes as tourists
accommodation, village library, TKT office, etc in such homes.
Image 56:Restoration of Anegundi

Source:tkt
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Development of responsible tourism, especially in the fragile high-
altitude Himalayan region, is fraught with significant challenges. These
challenges include operational and infrastructural barriers as well as
issues related to adverse impacts on the local environments. However,
tourism is also one of the few available alternative pathways that can
create new jobs and reduce poverty for the communities in the remote
and resource-scarce region of Ladakh. By providing supplementary
income to the rural communities, ecotourism can also prevent land
abandonment and subsequent rural–urban migration.
Location: 32u589N and 78u159E;

altitude: 4595 masl.
• The temperature ranges from
30uC in summer to 240uC in
winter. Absence of frost-free
season results in formation
Image 57: Korzok Village with Lake Tsomoriri and
the designated tourist camps in the background. of extensive permafrost.
Source:bioone.org
• The nearest urban center is Leh, 215 km away.

• Connectivity by a single-track road, which has limited
accessibility during winter.
• Population: 179 households; 22 households live in permanent
structures but they also migrate seasonally; the rest of the
households live in tents called Rebos.
• One primary health center at the village.

5.0 CASE STUDIES
• No school; there used to be one primary school, but now all
students have been shifted to a centralized school in the Puga
Valley.
• No electricity or running water; recently the village was provided
with a diesel generator by the local hill council, which is used to
provide electricity to the local villagers for 4 hours in the evening.
• Seventy percent practice subsistence agriculture during a short
cultivation season and are nomadic pastoralists.
• Barley, wheat, and peas are grown mainly for fodder.
• This village is one of the very few highest permanent
settlements and one of the very few such places in the world
where agriculture is practiced.
Green tourism in practice:
a path to sustainable
development
• Use of green, efficient,
and renewable energy
sources
• Efficient water
consumption and usage
• Efficient waste
management
• Conservation of fragile
ecosystem and
biodiversity
Image 58:Resource map of Korzok.

• Improving livelihoods
Source:bioone.org
5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.3 Based on Vernacular Construction System
5.3.1 Gandhi Nu Gaam, Ludiya , Kutch, Gujarat, India:
Redevelopment with Community Participation The region of Kutchchh
is richly diverse in its landscape, culture, craft and architecture. Each
sub-region has its own uniqueness and particularity. There exists an
intricate
web of relationships in their interdependency and linkages for
livelihood ,trade and sustenance. Redevelopment efforts therefore must
recognize and strive to retain these qualities. The approach must arrive
at a creative balance to maintain the moorings of the deep rooted
traditions as well as be the catalyst to induct the element of ‘new’ to
realize the aspirations. Intervention must strive for the culturally
appropriate, environmentally sustainable as well as holistic living
environments inclusive of housing, socio-economic structure,utility
infrastructures and resource management. As rehabilitation it also needs
to involve users to maintain the continuum and induct the sense of
belonging.
Areas of Intervention Scope of Work
• Housing • Community building
• Social Structure • Social redevelopment
• Economic structure • Rehabilitation
• Amenities and facilities • Newer development
• Resource management

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 59:Map of Bhuj,Gujarat,

Source: publication by vastu shilp foundation
Village Profile
Incremental growth of
• Name: Ludhiya
unit and cluster.
• Location: Banni district Kutch
Intricately decorated
• Area: 10sq.kms
dwellings inside and
• Address: Ludiya Village; Banni
outside.
District; Kutch
Characteristic typology
• Population: 2300people
of bhunga housing.
• Occupation: Decorative furniture,
• Climate And topography:
Bharat poten, Agriculture,
Summers: hot and dry
Labour, Cattle breeding
Winters: cold
• Organisational Structure:
Average rainfall: 5” per yr
Organic plan geometry.
Dry desert land with
Unit edge defined by plinth,
negligible plantation
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Livelihood Craft and Architecture
Craft is a significant part of local culture.

Two principal crafts in ludiya village are : Embroidery
Woodworking
The Importance of craft is reflected in architecture. The doors and windows are
locally made and reflect the woodworking and decorative skill. The exterior of
bhungas are collectively painted. the interiors have plaster and relief work.
Image 60 : View of Bhunga Houses

Image 61 : Interior view of

Bhunga house
Source: publication by
vastu shilp foundation

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Lay out of Existing Cluster
Each cluster is comprised of various dwelling units, depending
on the number of families in the cluster. The size of each dwelling
unit depends on the number of people in the family. The cluster is
surrounded by a twig fence.
Image 62 : Layout of existing clusters, Ludiya, Kutch,

Individual Cluster
The dwelling unit for a family is made of several components. The
bhunga and the chowki are the main components. The bhunga is
primarily the living space and there can be several within the dwelling
cluster. The chowki is small rectangular building and is used for cooking.
the area between them is covered by a thatch roof to create a shaded.

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 63 : Layout of individual cluster, Ludiya, Kutch,

The Bhunga House form

The typical dwelling of the kutch region, the ‘bhungas’, have withstood
the test of time for centuries. The bhunga brings together:
• Indigenous wisdom perfected over the ages through practical
application.
• Sensitive understanding of local available resources,
material and mastery of technique optimised to alleviate
extreme climatic and physical conditions.
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 64 : Exploded view of bhunga house, Ludiya, Kutch,


5.0 CASE STUDIES
Rehabilitation Process
Evaluation and Approach
Social Structure
• The villages are essentially found in clusters of different communities,
with family sizes varying and different degrees of interaction.
• The occupation of people is mainly craft based. Some are agriculture
labourers and others cattle breeders.
• Due to calamity, their employment is affected they need to be provided
with facilities and assurances of livelihood.
Economic Structure
• Building industry itself as an employment source.
• Necessary requirements for craft industry and networking for raw
materials and marketing of finished goods.
• Training of artisans and craftsman.
• Need of multi-purpose community shelter.
Amenities
• Unavailable or inadequate amenities and facilities.
• Need to identify, ascertain and established required facilities which
help the villagers enrich their economic and social standing.
• Newer technology and equipment to assist and augment occupational
production capacity.
Approach
• Develop social network and establish rapport with the community.
• Carry out socio-economic and physical survey of the village.
• Revised settlement layouts for necessary additions and alterations to
the neighbourhood cluster.
5.0 CASE STUDIES
• Rebuild affected structure and building newer structures with local
material ( mud-stone-wood) in the traditional style of ‘bhunga’ with user
themselves as human resources building their own houses.
• Construction of community centre as a multipurpose space.
Site Selection
• The new site is located closer to the existing road structure for better
access.
• The topography was taken into account in selecting the site, existing
depression in site can be used for rain water harvesting.
• The new hamlet is situated centrally among the existing settlements to
make more coherent village.
Site Planning
Image 65 : Conceptual Plan of new development at Ludiya,Kutch,


5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 66 : Final Layout of new development at Ludiya,Kutch,

Image 67 : Views of newer development

at Ludiya,Kutch,
Source: publication by vastu shilp
foundation

5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.4 Based on Forest and community development

5.4.1 Pichadikulam, Pondicherry:
Pitchandikulam Forest is an environmental organisation and community
based in the green belt of Auroville in coastal Tamil Nadu, South India,
where you can find:
• a seventy-acre forest
• our social outreach and external consultancy offices
• a wildlife research unit
• a bio-resource education centre
• classrooms and meeting rooms (both indoors and outdoors)
• an art studio
• a seedling nursery and display seed room
• a medicinal plant garden
• a museum of rural Tamil life
• an architecture and structural design practice
• volunteer accommodation and communal kitchen
• private housing for the Pitchandikulam community
Our mature forest, and much of our restoration and reforestation work,
celebrates the indigenous vegetation of our bioregion – the Tropical Dry
Evergreen Forest (TDEF) – which is one of the rarest and most diverse
wild ecosystems in India. It is a peaceful sanctuary with over 800
species of plants in the grasslands, nursery and in our ethnomedicinal
forest.The name Pitchandikulam means “Pitchandi’s Pond” in Tamil,
named after a local traditional healer (vaidya) called Pitchandi who
practised healing at the pond (kulam) in the heart of our forest many
centuries ago.
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Our Vision
•To take the necessary steps to protect, preserve and replant the local
remnant Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest
•To create centres of environmental education and training in rural and
coastal contexts
•To raise awareness about appropriate water supply and sanitation
facilities
•To document and encourage the use of indigenous medicinal plants and
promote local health traditions
•To promote sustainable livelihoods and enable a deeper sense of place
in rural communities
•To work with communities and include them in the process of eco
restoration
•To bring in a wider global perspectives and innovations into local
solutions
Image 68 : Views of newer development at Pichandikulam

Source: pichandikulam.org

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 69 : Pitchandikulam Forest plan,

Source: pitchandikulamforest.org
5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.5 Based on Rural Tourism
5.5.2 Obsaya Village, Turkey:
Developing Rural Tourism in Turkey

In countries’ economic growth process, architectural and cultural
heritage management can create new opportunities for creative
activities in areas such as tourism. Cultural heritage awareness is an
important issue and sustainability can be achieved through a correct
intervention and a well followed strategy. As our country obtains a very
important part of world cultural heritage, it seems that it is inevitable
to work in the field.
Objective:
To evaluate our cultural assets that have entered into the process of
rapid extinction and which cannot be assessed as necessary as in the
direction of conservation-use-survival principles through rural tourism.
About Turkey:
In Turkey, which hosts many civilizations, there are rural architectural
structures that have different features shaped by climate, topography,
socio-economic and socio-cultural structures. In Turkey, rural tourism
has become increasingly important in recent years. For this reason,
various projects have been developed to promote rural tourism in
various regions, provinces and villages.

5.0 CASE STUDIES
This study shows how to assess the potential of rural areas for regional
development.
 Obasya Rural Accommodation Facility is located in Manisa Yunt

Mountains. There are 27 units of hair tents and 1 meeting hall. It
conveys the lump homes architecture of the Central Asian Turkish
ensembles to the present. These structures, made of wood and felt,
have the characteristic of being cool in summer and warm in winter.
 Hobby gardens-35 are being offered to a wonder-seeker who is
curious or deliberate about rural life.
 This project’s goal by keeping the focus on highlands cultural
and farm tourism as an alternative choice to vacation sports
located at booming cities and sea sides.
 The Time Gate Museum aims to re ect the stories of
cultures and societies in a way that displays local life and
folkloric values.
 It is aimed to increase the rural population, revitalize agriculture
fields and revive the destructive historical heritage.
General Evaluation on the Settlement
Obasya is located in the heart of Yunt Mountains in Manisa-Turkey. The
Yunt Mountains remain within the borders of Izmir and Manisa. In the
north side is the Bakırçay River and plain. In the east lies the Manisa
plain irrigated by the Gediz river. Established to support the economic
development of the region, this facility is a good example for the
development of rural tourism. It will take place in the literature as a
sample project for keeping cultural heritage alive.
5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 70:Obasya settlement plan (Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs-Turkey,2017)

Source:researchgate.net
Image 71:Obasya settlement plan (Ministry

of agriculture and rural affairs-Turkey,2017)
B
Image 72:A Obasya general view

B Obasya accommodation unit lump homes

5.0 CASE STUDIES
General Evaluation on the Architecture
One of the most important architectural elements of the Hun era and all
Turkish communities until the built-up period is a tent. The tent has
been used in daily life till to present by especially the semi-inhabited
Turkish communities those living in the steppe regions, dealing with
livestock, relocating during summer-winter seasons, doing their worship
and ceremonies in certain places and by the other steppe communities.
Tents and their ornaments have inspired the development of Turkish art
and construction of architecture
General Evaluation on the Material
Domestic tents have a body called kerege which is formed by bringing
together the parts joined together diagonally. Arrows consisting of
oblique rods fixed on the shape of this body are attached to the knot on
the top of the knot. After the dome of the tent is completed, the tent is
closed with felt. They are connected to the columns. The door part is
composed with wooden fence and lentodan lantern, and is covered with
felt or carpet. The production of Lump Homes which is called "Yurt" at
this region and the usage of local materials will provide an identity in
terms of ecological sense. General Evaluation of Accommodation
Units Interior Architecture
The tents have had a direct effect on the interior decorations of Turkish
homes. The relationship between sofa and rooms in a Turkish home is
like the setting of tents in the plateaus (Young & Shepherd, 2011). The
inside of the tent has gained a rich appearance with valuable materials
such as carpet, rugs, felt, beam, and handiwork.

5.0 CASE STUDIES
The walls made of wood and keel have the characteristic of being cool
in summer and hot in winter. Tents are heated with stoves. Air
conditioning has been added to the accommodation units as well to
prevent heating problems. If solutions that reduce energy consumption
are introduced instead of these air-conditioning systems, the facility will
gain a positive identity in terms of ecological sense.
Image 73:Lump homes sectional elevation

Image 74:Re-interpreted lump homes interior architecture

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Image 75:Lump homes structural construction

5.0 CASE STUDIES
Display of Socio-Cultural Characteristics of the Region
Starting from the 13th century, the Turkish tribes, who settled at the
region have continued their habits of old life after their resettlement.
The locals, whose main livelihoods was livestock, painted the wools of
their animals with natural dyes with traditional designs made of
symbolic motifs and made carpets, rugs and similar textiles in order to
meet their needs. At the Time Gate Museum the Yunt Mountain
carpets belonging lands in the past, within modernization to the
present should be able to sustain the same success in terms of
operation of the facilities as well. The accommodation units being
designed with an architect respectful to natural environment will be a
sample project with its ecological identity as well if they consider to
energy efficiency, water, waste and material management issues. Built
using local architecture, the time-gate museum gives important
information about the architecture, socio-cultural structure and history
of the region from past years to the present. Rural tourism should be
revitalized in order to transform the natural, historical and socio-
cultural potentials that Turkey possesses to economic profits.
Image 76: Inner appearance of the Time Image 77: Traditional carpet weaving from
Gate Museum the Yunt Mountains region
Source:researchgate.net Source:researchgate.net
7.0 WHY DENKANIKOTTAI?
“When we reject single story we regain a kind of paradise.”
Many time through the course of my thesis I’ve been asked “why
Denkanikottai ?”.It is simply suited my motives. It is a agricultural
zoned area in Krishnagiri district that happens to be situated in the
forest.However, upon further research a new story revealed, a different
one. A story tells that tells you this zone was considered well
developed with development in Urbanisation.A story is different zones
with many different zones with many different issues, most of which
are not classified.A story changes the point of view so that we assume
everyone & everywhere do not need help because government provides
everywhere, but endless number of opportunities available in every
country.
So, Why Denkanikottai? I want to show Denkanikottai is different from
the prevailing idea of “Tamil Nadu”.I want to tell Denkanikottai’s story
to the world, one of motherly love prevailing over the wildlife animals
next to Niligiris, Kodaikanal etc, one of religious tolerance ensuring
peace, one of understanding that tribal differences do not have to be
tenous, and one of a country’s dedication to rebuilding.What was lost
and protecting the remains.
Denkanikottai is small, but strong settlement with a rich history,
diverse culture and invaluable natural resources in and around.They are
what tourism dream of Eco tourism in Denkanikottai would not only
flourish, but would change their story.It would let the world know what
they really have to offer.From extensive opportunities for cultural
immersion to lush forests full of exotic animals: What Denkanikottai
really has to offer is amazing
8.0 Problem Statement
Designing Eco-Tourism site as a prototype for a village with Research

facility in the forest that will help rehabitate and conserve the areas
environment, economy, and cultural traditions.
The full design should realize that Eco-tourism is not simply a single
element or operation, but a series of elements that all work together and
support each other to ensure success. These elements: Village school,
museum, Agri tourism, Research and Community Centre be an integral
part of Eco-tourism and help contribute to the understanding of how
Eco-tourism can improve an area.

CHAPTER 9.0 DENKANIKOTTAI : IN DEPTH
9.1 Denkanikottai Basics
9.2 SWOT
9.3 Graphic Analysis
9.4 Site Selection

9.0 Denkanikottai : in depth
9.1 Denkanikottai Basics
“In Denkanikottai, the tourism sector is one area that is underdeveloped

despite the sector’s great potential. The underdevelopment
of tourism can be attributed to the lack of political will on the part of
successive governments to develop the sector. The tourist attractions
include cultural, ethnic, historical, environmental, recreational and
commercial tourism.
There are also historical sites and landmarks found within the town,
which are of tourist attraction.” As written in Krishnagiri
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan in 2003. It shows that the town,
after a British rule , wants to rehabilitate their economy and their
environment and they recognize that tourism is an excellent facilitator.
To better understand the state of Denkanikottai’s economy,

environment and society it is important to recollect the Town’s history.
Though tragic, this history points to a few key elements of
Denkanikottai n culture that have great potential in the realm of
Ecotourism. It was taboo for a while, but there is still a large variety of
cultures to witness and learn about. There is a very strong sense of
community regardless of tribe or religion among the women of the
country, who are fighting to keep the peace and restore family
values. Lastly, Denkanikottai is trying to rebuild their forest and
community, and would like to do it in the most responsible way
possible. ENTER ECOTOURISM

9.2 SWOT
Qualities:
 One of the few zones with existing Bamboo forest, 40% of
remaining in forest located in Denkanikottai.(Biodiversity
Strategies & Action Plan).
 It is primarily inhabited by the Irula Tribes.
 Currently Low Carbon Emission.
 Only one airport in the zone which is coming up.
 As of 2003,have biodiversity strategies to begin protecting
landscapes and species.
 Strategy calls for Redevelopment of Tourism.
 High number of natural features desirable to visit
 Strong community well being.
Challenges:
 Recently, very scarce sanitation Rainfall.
 Little government control over forest.
 High poverty rate in the sector of Agriculture.
 Forest in and around are dried because of Low rainfall

Opportunities:
 Using existing want for expansion of tourism to push
implementation of Ecotourism endeavours.
 Work in accordance with the various groups there trying to
rehabitate the country.
 Focus on protecting species.
 Utilize visitor for Eco-tourism endeavours to help compel the
biodiversity.
 Attract reforestation. use forest elephant tracks as hiking paths and
and small roads

9.3 Graphic Analysis
Location:
Denkanikottai is located at 12°31'11"N 77°46'48"E. It is situated on the
south-western extreme of the Deccan plateau, east of the western ghats.
The forest area of Denkanikottai forms the prime elephant habitat in the
district. It is 3000 feet above from the sea level. .
Physical Features:
Liberia is a small, vanniyar

river. The Vanniyar is a river
located in the Krishnagiri
district of the Indian state
of Tamil Nadu. It flows into
the South Pennar River

Rainfall and Wind:

The driest month is January, with 3
.
mm of rain. The greatest amount of
precipitation occurs in October,
with an average of 189 mm. The
wind rose for Krishnagiri shows
how many hours per year the wind
blows from the indicated direction.
Example SW: Wind is blowing
from South-West (SW) to North-
East (NE).
Climate date:
.
With an average of 30.1 °C, May is the warmest month. The
lowest average temperatures in the year occur in December,
when it is around 22.8 °C
Image 78: Climate data of Denkanikottai

Source:statistics.com

9.4 Site Selection
By mapping the important factors in selecting a site, I was able to

narrow down a village where an Ecotourism endeavour would do
well. The village is the main criteria for a site selection.
Features of Site Selection :

-In the Bambooforest
-In the hills-3000 ft from sea level
-Access by: Aiyur forest checkpost
-Low density area
-Religion In region largely
Hindus other traditional tribes
-Multiple caste share settlement:
Vaniyar,Goundar,Kurumba,Irular
-Near Hogenakkal Falls.
-Near Panchapalli Dam. Battamugilalaam
-Close to multiple Reserved forests:
(Opportunity to turn into protected
regions)
-Can pass through Karnataka border and
village Javalagiri en route to site
-Farther from the coast: close to forest: less
rain

REGAINING PARADISE
CHAPTER 10.0 PRE-DESIGN

10.1 Site-Study
10.2 Programming
10.3 Proposed Design Intervention

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
10.1 Site-Study
SITE BRIEF:Landuse & Community Profile
There are major changes happen in terms Land usage of

Battamugulalaam up until 2011.The land have been varied in
terms of usage due to stakeholders awareness. Therefore forest
stays evoke Tourism and the agricultural lands are extending. The
development also should consider about the degradation of
natural resources such as forest life and so on.
Community Profile:
Basically there are 3 communities live Battamugulalaam Village
dominantly ,others consist of Kurumbas and Urjans. There area
about population of villagers living in Battamugulalaam.
10.0 PRE-DESIGN
10.1 Site-Study
SITE APPRAISAL:Natural Resources Diversity
Vegetation Hydrology
Image 79: Panchapalli Dam Image 80: Pond for Irrigation

Source:Internet Source:Internet
Topography
DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page |112

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
10.1 Site-Study
SITE APPRAISAL: Cultural Resources Diversity
Intangible Cultural Landscape
Image 81: Pond for Irrigation

Source:Internet
Tangible Cultural Landscape
Image 82: Culture of the Village

Source:Internet

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
10.1 Site-Study
SITE APPRAISAL:Accessibilty and Visual
Primary Secondary Teritiary Pedestrain
The existing landscape character has a lot of heritage remnants and

scenic spots that could be an advantage in designing traditional trail as
well as scenic route for cultural tourism activities.
The designation of route should revealed the heritage trail as part of

cultural interpretation in the village. There are a lot cultural spaces that
could be connected through pedestrian system.
10.0 PRE-DESIGN
Site Synthesis

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
Site Zoning
LEGEND
1 VILLAGE SCHOOL
2 CAMP SITE
3 BAMBOO ZONE
4 POND
5 WATCH TOWER
6 CATTLE FARMING
7 AGRI TOURISM ZONE

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
10.3 Programming
Social Enhancement
• Developing potential grounds to initiate formal and informal
interactions between locals, and visitors
• Development of various platforms for exchange of expression,
discourse and learning with local community.
• Re-development of cultural nodes by providing necessary
infrastructural facilities that uses local building skills.
• Achieving livelihood securities of locals at Battamugilalaam
• Developing learning centre’s in village to uplift the rural youth and
to empower the local women.
Cultural Viability
• Reviving the cultural identity of Battamugilaalam via encouraging
agriculture and cultural creations at village.
• Empowering the local farmers and craftsman of village.
• Developing new modes of cultural preservation.
• Creating different platforms for artists to showcase their work to
visitors.
• Efforts to preserve the traditional style of art and culture in the
region.
• Preserving the traditional knowledge system of construction by
using vernacular construction technology.
• Explicitly bringing out the role of nature along with culture in
making of settlement, clusters and building types that pertains to
visitors and villagers.
10.0 PRE-DESIGN
Economic Empowerment
• Enhancing the touristic value of village so as to develop a self

sustained economy module.
• Promoting different modes of tourism within village via developing
the tourism infrastructure of the region.
• Developing infrastructure to undertake art oriented workshop and
organize global exhibitions.
• Encouraging locals to start home-stay program for outside artists
and visitors.
• Establishing new stalls for selling handicrafts, local art and
agricultural products.
• Providing infrastructural facilities for outside visitors and tourists
that add to their overall experience in village.

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
10.3 Programming
Table 5 : Derivation of Design Components,

Source: author generated

10.0 PRE-DESIGN
Artisans
Image 82 : User Movement Diagram


10.0 PRE-DESIGN
Admin zone
museum
Bamboo
Society
Camp site
Agri
Tourism
sector
Image 83 : Identification of potential nodes for Development


10.0 PRE-DESIGN
Image 84 : Circulation Diagram


11.0 DESIGN
Design development
Image 85 : Design Development

LEGEND
1 Admin and interpretation centre 10 Water reservoir

2 Camp site 11 Trees
3 Nursery 12 Long term fruits
4 Pond 13 Agro forestry learning node
5 Folk tale garden space 14 Bamboo zone
6 Herbal garden 15 Watch tower
7 Waste water treatment plant 16 Cattle farming
8 Indoor fertilizer treatment 17 Village school
9.Food crops
12.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Calvino, Italo. Invisible Cities. Reading: Cox& Wyman Ltd., 1974.

Print. (10-11).
 www.ijsr.net
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkanikottai
 https://uravuecolinks.com/uravu-eco-links/
 http://tktkishkinda.org/tkt-projects/- Anegundi,Hampi
 http://www.pitchandikulamforest.org/PF/community-and-team/
 https://sadhanaforest.org/
 https://ecoclub.com/education/articles/488-sirubari-village-
tourism-nepal
 https://issuu.com/rohitrc/docs/the_banana_fibre_craft_of_anegun
di
 http://srujanfoundation.com/eco-tourism-plan-rajgad-maharashtra/
 www.researchgate.net/publication/321797759_The_Role_of_Traditi
onal_Architecture_in_the_Development_of_Rural_Tourism_The_Ca
se_of_Turkey/download
 www.academia.edu/15011828/chettinad_architecture
 www.archdaily.com
 Tourism and the Environment: A Quest for Sustainability : with
Special ... - R. N. Batta - Google Books
 Tourism in Tamil Nadu
 http://www.grassroutes.co.in
 http://www.intach.org

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ECO-TOURISM

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE (B.ARCH)

ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HOSUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

Certified that this project report “ECO-TOURISM INTERPRETATION

Prof. Ar. R.Seetha, M.Arch. Ar. Rajeev Kumar, M.Arch.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DIVYA SHREE.J (Reg no. AC14UAR019) a bonafide student of the

I first thank lord almighty, whose graceful blessings enabled me to complete

I convey my heartfelt thanks to the college, especially to our Principal

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to our beloved H.O.D, Prof.

I am grateful to My parents and My family members who offered great

CHAPTER 1.0 PROJECT GENESIS………………………………. 2

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | I

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | II

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | III

CHAPTER 10.0 PRE-DESIGN……………………………………… 110

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | IV

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 1

Graph 1: Total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in India from

Table-1:Building tactics for warm-humid climate type

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 1

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 2

And it can accommodate a program that brings income to impoverished

It is my belief that architecture can improve the environmental,

However, the ecotourism industry suffers from disjointedness caused by

The lack of a unifying definition and one comprehensive set of

To grow the field, a unifying name, definition, and policy need to be

Use the principles of ecotourism and “Sustainability” to create a

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 5

Samuel Mockbee is the ultimate example of how that particular belief

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 6

Architects: Oslo Norway, Architect: Auburn University

The project will enhance the The Mason’s Bend Community

Image 3: Trollstigen plateau Image 4: Rural Studio

Community Based Tourism is a form of sustainable tourism that allows

Community tourism not only encourages cross-cultural understanding

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 8

 Brings recognition and attention to the community

 Receives an authentic experience and learns first-hand about the

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 9

Aiyur forest is a relatively less known place. A slightly better-known

Most of the villagers believe in traditional customs that being followed

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 10

1.6.1 Significant magnets of the settlement:

The Aiyur Forest:

Bamboo craft and Society:

Image 6: Bamboo forest

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 12

1.6.2 Present Scenario of the settlement:

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 13

1.6.3 Development of the settlement:

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 14

Development of the settlement:

The villagers would be benefit from certain improvements and visitors

Thus for a guided directive growth there is a need to do an

DIVYA SHREE.J| B.Arch. 2014-2019| AC14UAR019 Page | 15

1.7.1 Reason for choice of site:

Battamugilalaam village is one of the oldest tribal communes of its

1.8 Definition of the Project

ECO-TOURISM: It is derived from the two words ”ECOSYSTEM” &

INTERPRETATION CENTRE: Interpretation is a communication tool