History 11: Activity 6 19 Century: Jose Rizal and His Time

HISTORY 11: ACTIVITY 6
19th Century: Jose Rizal and his time
NAME: Miguel, Monday Mae A. EDE1-A
REVIEW QUESTIONS
I. Answer the following essay questions briefly.

Discuss how the significance of the following revolution to the world and to the Philippines
in the 19th century:
A. Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution is an economic revolution that contributed in such many ways
not just in our country but also to the other parts of the world. Internationally, industrial
revolution has brought the world into a more centralize and productive way of business and
trade. In some parts of Europe, it has changed the economy from feudalism—an economic
system which relied on land and agriculture--to capitalism which relied on machinery and wage
labor. Locally, the continuous influence and tempo of Industrial Revolution had resulted the
Philippines’ economic progress that empowers the merchants, farmers, and resulted in the new
breed of rich and influential merchants. Moreover, financial buildings, ports, and other
commercials have been established. With that, the country was qualified to any importations and
exportation of products and services.
B. French Revolution
Similar with the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution also started in Europe.
However, the French revolution is most likely political that includes social upheaval and radical
change in the History especially in the country itself---France. This revolution changes the
government’s structure in the constitution and rights that they were used to perform (from
democratic to feudal). The Spain was greatly influenced by the transformation in parliament in
constitution and experience turbulence in the government. The Philippines which was under the
repercussion of Spain during that era had experienced new possibilities of reform of equality and
even emancipation” (De la Costa 1965: 159).
C. American
The American revolution had given the world in the 19th century the idea that colonized
people can gain their independence from their colonizers. Unlike from the Industrial and French
Revolution, this has its views about on independence. American revolution overthrew the rule of
British monarchy and refuses the United States sovereignty. In the Philippines, the influence to
democratic desire was visible to Dr. Rizal who was a reformist and aims for freedom and
independence.
II. Discuss how the following problems and institutions contributed to the growth of Filipino
nationalism and weakening of the Spanish rule:
A. Opening of the Suez Canal
The opening of Suez Canal was a philanthropy in rekindling the fire within the Filipinos
showcasing the heart of nationalism. This canal is 103 miles long and connects the
Mediterranean with the Gulf of Suez and hence with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The
development of this canal has made the travel from Philippines to Europe in a short way. The use
of this canal also includes facilitating the trades in terms of importation and exportation
especially in importing the liberal ideas, books, and newspaper that influenced the mind of Jose
Rizal and other Filipino reformists. As mentioned in the context, the opening of the canal
stimulated and give rise to the local economy and the creation of the middle class
of mestizos and ilustrados in the 19th century.
B. Discontent with Spanish Institutions

Living under the Spanish Administration for over a long period of time with violence,
abuse, and immoral act truly resulted for discontentment in the institutions. The said institutions
include the encomienda, the polo or forced labor and the tributo or tribute. These are the factors
that contributed to the growth of Filipino nationalism that weakens the Spanish rule. As soon as
Filipinos had come to face the fact that they became an inferior in their own country, the
continuous search for freedom and independence had begun.
C. Abuses and Immoralities of the Friars
As remembered, Filipino reformists Dr. Jose Rizal wrote in his two famous novel---Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo about the violence and abuse performed by friars during the
19th century. It was also portrayed in “Fray Botod” by Graciano Lopez- Jaena. This made
Filipino in the past era to cause disenchantment and discontent with Spanish rule. The immoral
act of some friars in which they impregnated women. With the act of the friars, another Filipino
reformist in the persona of Marcelo H. Del Pilar had developed the ten (10) commandments to
ridicule the friars that partially weakens the rule of Spaniards.
D. Racial Discrimination
The race and identity of an individual really matters in the 19 th century as this became the
basis of the treatment they can possibly give. During the period the Spaniards call Filipinos as
“Indios” or “Indians” because of their brown skin color. However, with the contribution of Rizal
the Filipinos regained its strength proving that the “Indios” are not inferior to those invaders. The
rapid change of leadership and struggle between conservatives and liberals caused political
turmoil in Spain and had also weakened the Spanish administration in the Philippines.
E. System of Education
Only the chosen individuals were able to experience education that was based from their
identity, race, gender, and ethnicity. This was the educational system that the Philippines had to
experience during the Spanish colonization in which only the Spaniards has the right to have an
education and the Filipinos were able to achieved education in the late 19 th century. On the other
hand, the ilustrados--- people who established a movement had greatly affect the Philippines in a
good way. The growing number of ilustrados was considered as the major effect of education.

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HISTORY 11: ACTIVITY 6

19th Century: Jose Rizal and his time

NAME: Miguel, Monday Mae A. EDE1-A

I. Answer the following essay questions briefly.

A. Opening of the Suez Canal

B. Discontent with Spanish Institutions

C. Abuses and Immoralities of the Friars

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