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  • Quarter 2 - Module 1 - EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

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    Kristine Alcordo
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    The document discusses the evolving concept of life based on emerging evidence from the fossil record and biology. It describes how: 1) The earliest life forms on Earth were single-celled prokaryotes that lived between 3.5-4 billion years ago, as evidenced by the oldest microfossils. 2) Eukaryotes evolved later, with the first being protists. Researchers look for biomarkers specific to eukaryotes to learn more about their evolution. 3) It took billions of years for life to progress from simple single-celled organisms to the diversity of life forms today, as the environment changed and individual species evolved.

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    The document discusses the evolving concept of life based on emerging evidence from the fossil record and biology. It describes how: 1) The earliest life forms on Earth were single-celled prokaryotes that lived between 3.5-4 billion years ago, as evidenced by the oldest microfossils. 2) Eukaryotes evolved later, with the first being protists. Researchers look for biomarkers specific to eukaryotes to learn more about their evolution. 3) It took billions of years for life to progress from simple single-celled organisms to the diversity of life forms today, as the environment changed and individual species evolved.

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    11K views5 pages

    Quarter 2 - Module 1 - EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

    Uploaded by

    Kristine Alcordo
    The document discusses the evolving concept of life based on emerging evidence from the fossil record and biology. It describes how: 1) The earliest life forms on Earth were single-celled prokaryotes that lived between 3.5-4 billion years ago, as evidenced by the oldest microfossils. 2) Eukaryotes evolved later, with the first being protists. Researchers look for biomarkers specific to eukaryotes to learn more about their evolution. 3) It took billions of years for life to progress from simple single-celled organisms to the diversity of life forms today, as the environment changed and individual species evolved.

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    of 5

    11 SENIORHIGH

    DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC

    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE


    QUARTER 2
    Module 1
    Evolving Concept of Life Based on Emerging Pieces of Evidence

    Name:

    Grade & Section:


    MODULE 1: Evolving Concept of Life Based on Emerging Pieces of Evidence

    The universe is about 4.6 billion years old. Life on earth probably began only between 3.5
    and 4.0 billion years ago. Evidence from fossil records show the emergence of the different life
    forms. The common ancestor of all life was prokaryotic. Since oxygen was scarce on the early
    Earth, the ancestral cell must also have been anaerobic. There are some challenges encountered
    in searching for the evidence of early life. Cells are microscopic and most have no parts to fossilize.
    The tectonic plate movements have destroyed nearly all rocks older than about 4 billion years, and
    most of the younger rocks have been heated or undergone processes that destroy the traces of
    biological material. At present, the oldest cell microfossils (microscopic fossils) are filaments from
    3.5 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. The filaments resemble chains of modern
    photosynthetic bacteria and the rocks in which they occur are the remains of ancient stromatolites.

    The researchers look for biomarkers specific to eukaryotes. It is a substance that occurs
    only or predominantly in cells of a specific type. Eukaryotes are organisms having a true nucleus.
    The DNA is enclosed within the nucleus whereas DNA of most prokaryotes lies enclosed in the
    cell’s cytoplasm. The first eukaryotes were protists.

    For life to evolve from simple single-celled organisms to many millions of species of
    prokaryotic species to simple eukaryotic species to all the protists, fungi, plants and animals, took
    some time. The first life forms were very basic and this then allowed for the evolution of more
    complex life forms. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The evolution of life has brought
    about the changes in the environment which are linked to changes in climate and geology. These
    Earth’s environmental changes made the Earth’s environment more suitable for a wider variety of
    life forms.

    ____________________________________________________
    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE | PAGE 1
    DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC
    Earth and Life Science
    LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

    Name: ___________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

    Grade and Section: _________________________________________ Score: _______________


    Quarter 2 - Module 1
    I - Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space provided.

    ______ 1. Dinosaurs are reptiles that have existed for a very long time. Which era did these organisms evolve?
    A. Cenozoic Era B. Mesozoic Era C. Paleozoic Era D. Proterozoic Era
    ______ 2. What are the first photosynthetic organisms that grow well on earth?
    A. Bryophyllum’ B. cyanobacteria C. stromatolites D. zircon crystal 2
    ______ 3. The oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environment dramatically. Which of the following adaptations took advantage of
    the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?
    A. The evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules.
    B. The evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria
    C. The evolution of multicellular eukaryotic colonies from communities of prokaryotes.
    D. The evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen.
    ______ 4. Why did it take millions of years for life to appear on Earth after the planet had formed?
    A. It took millions of years for RNA to replace DNA.
    B. Life on Earth could begin only when seedlings arrived on our planet from other worlds.
    C. The planet had cooled down enough to sustain life.
    D. The planet had warmed up enough to sustain life.
    ______ 5. Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
    A. eukaryotic and aerobic B. eukaryotic and anaerobic C. prokaryotic and aerobic D. prokaryotic and anaerobic
    ______ 6. What are the remains of living organisms used in understanding the history of life on earth?
    A. bone B. fossils C. seeds D. shells
    ______ 7. Which statement is NOT true about fossils?
    A. A small percent of extinct organisms is preserved. B. Most extinct organisms have been preserved.
    C. Plants can form fossils. D. Some bacteria came from fossils.
    ______ 8. Which of the following can be considered as a fossil?
    A. a billion-year old rock B. a billion-year old piece of amber
    C. a billion-year old amber with a primitive insect inside D. the choices are all correct
    ______ 9. What unique substance do researchers look after in their study of eukaryotes?
    A. biomarkers B. fossils C. mitochondria D. stromatolites 3
    ______ 10. What is the evidence for a last universal common ancestor among life on earth?
    A. They all look the same. B. They are all aerobic.
    C. They all have the same synthesis pattern. D. They share the same underlying molecular biology.
    ______ 11. Which statement best shows the main significance of studying the past?
    A. It will allow researchers to think what they need to study B. It will give jobs for many scientists and paleontologists.
    C. The past is attractive to look back on. D. Understanding the past allows us to predict the future and help in creating it.
    ______ 12. One of the significance of knowing the history of life is to determine the origin of one living organism. According to
    researchers, the ___are the only surviving species and one of the living pieces of evidence that life has existed on Earth and
    evolved from Homo erectus.
    A. birds B. dinosaurs C. human beings D. sponges
    ______ 13. Over the past decades, there are challenges that the environment has been facing. Pandemics affected the lives of
    various living organisms. What is the significance of knowing this history?
    A. It will give an idea on how the medical world will seek for the treatment. B. It will give medical practitioners an income.
    C. It will lead scientists to know the history of life. D. They will just be informed about it.
    ______ 14. The following statements are challenges for the researchers in finding and identifying signs of early cells. Which is not
    part of the group?
    A. Cells are microscopic and most have no parts to fossilize
    B. Slightly younger rocks have been heated up and undergone other processes
    C. Tectonic plate movements have destroyed nearly all rocks older than about 4 billion years.
    D. Materials and testing laboratories are not available.
    ______ 15. The study of the history of life is significant in many aspects. The stromatolites played a significant role as a source of
    evidence. What is stromatolite?
    A. It consists of layered bacteria and sediment. B. It is formed during volcanic eruptions.
    C. It is found in animals. D. It is produced through endosymbiosis.

    ____________________________________________________

    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE | PAGE 2


    DAVAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INC
    Earth and Life Science
    LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

    Name: ___________________________________________________ Module #: _____________

    Grade and Section: _________________________________________ Score: _______________


    Quarter 2 - Module 1
    II - Directions. Read and analyze the timeline. Arrange the following pictures in order. Write number 1 to 6
    under each picture to show the order of the appearance of life forms on earth.

    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE | PAGE 3


    III - Directions. Column A are evidences while column B refers to a certain timeline. Match them by writing the
    letter of your answer on the space before the number.

    IV - Directions. Name the pieces of evidence on the evolution of life. Write your answer on the space provided.
    Pick your answer from the terms inside the box.

    EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE | PAGE 4

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