Tle 8 1ST Quarter Reviewer
Tle 8 1ST Quarter Reviewer
Module in
TLE 8
REVIEWER
Cutting Tools
Cutting tools are instruments that serve well if properly
maintained. Sharp cutting tools make clean cuts and well-
defined notches and they do not damage fabric. On the other
hand, dull tools slow the cutting process, and make your
hand and wrist tire easily. Sewing cutting tools should not
be used for other household task. Cutting tools must be
sharpened regularly and the joints are oiled occasionally for
better use.
1. Scissors/shears – used to cut the fabric.
2. Pinking shears – used to finish seam edges to prevent
from ravelling. They also create decorative edges on many
types of fabrics and are usually used to cut ravel-resistant
fabrics.
3. Seam or Stitch ripper - are specifically designed for
ripping out stitches from seams, either as a result of an error
or during alterations.
4. Thread clipper – used to cut the hanging threads
5. Buttonhole scissor – used to cut buttonhole or for
making buttonholes.
Marking Tools
Marking tools are used to transfer pattern markings to
garment fabric pieces. They are also used for making
alterations on fabrics or garments. The transferred marks
are guides for accurate sewing.
1. Chalk Pencils/Dressmaker Pencil - This is available in
white or pastel shades. This chalk pencil is used to make
fine lines on fabric. It has an erasing brush at one end.
2. Tailor’s Chalk – it is available in different colors.
Dressmakers prefer to mark the wrong side of the fabric with
tailor’s chalk.
3. Wax Chalk – this is available in black or white and is used
for woolen fabrics. Wax can be removed by pressing.
4. Liquid Marking Pen - Liquid marking pens come in two
types. There is one that washes out and one that fades after
48 hours. Those that wash out should not be used on fabric
that show water marks. The mark should be removed before
pressing the fabric.
5. Dressmaker’s Carbon Paper – used to transfer markings
from the pattern to the fabric using a tracing wheel.
Pinning and Sewing Tools
1. Pincushion – a pincushion holds the straight pins and
needles while working to prevent accidents.
2. Needle – used in making temporary stitches and
buttonholes. Sizes of 7 to 10 are for general hand sewing.
3. Threads – are tightly twisted fibers used for sewing.
4. Thimble – a small hard pitted cup worn for protection on
the finger that pushes the needle in sewing.
5. Needle threader – it aid in threading the needle and
makes threading easier, whether with hand or machine
needles.
6. Fabric – is the cloth used in making garments. The plain
cotton fabrics, flour sack or catcha is the most appropriate
material for beginners because these are very easy to handle.
Lower Parts
1. Band Wheel – leads the balance wheel through the belt
connection.
2. Band Wheel Crank – moves the band wheel.
3. Pitman Rod – holds the treadle to band wheel crank.
4. Belt Guide – holds the belt to its place.
5. Belt Shifter – removes the belt from the wheel.
6. Dress Guard – protects the dress from the wheel.
7. Treadle – is where the feet are stationed to drive the band
wheel through the pitman rod.
8. Legs – support the cabinet of the machine.
9. Cabinet – holds the head of the machine by interlocking
screw on the hinges.
B. Horizontal Measurement
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The principles of designs are concepts used to organize
or arrange the structural elements of design. These the ways
in which these principles are applied the affects the
expressive content, or the message of the work.
1. Balance - According to this principle,
from the centered of the dress, design
should be identified on both sides may
be achieved ways:
a. Symmetrically or the formal
balance - can be described as having
equal "weight" on equal sides of a
centrally placed like a see saw. This is
an easy way of balancing but such
balance lends monotony to the design.
b. Asymmetrically or the informal
balance – When the structure
decoration and accessories are different
both sides from the center of the design.
In this design attraction both sides is
created by using different accessories.
c. Proportion - is the pleasing
relationship of all parts of the object
with one another. Proportion refers to
the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design. The issue is the
relationship between objects, or parts,
of a whole.
2. Emphasis – every pleasing design
has one part that is more interesting
than any other. This is the emphasis or
the center of interest.
3. Rhythm – these are smooth
movement repeated again and again.
Rhythm is an important principle of art.
It is created by repeated use of the
design. If there is rhythm in a design,
the eye would move easily from one part
to the other.
a. Repetition of lines, colors, or
accessories. Parallel lines are formed by
the use of seams, buttons, embroidery,
lace, etc. which helps uninterrupted eye
movement.
b. Radiation. Rhythm can also be
created by the radiated lines. These
lines are created by gathers Eyes can
move easily from one part to the other
on the small lines created by gathers.
Such lines can be seen in gathers on
neckline, arm and skirt.
COLOR THEORY
The first thing you usually notice about clothes or
anything is their color. Before you start studying which
colors look best together, you should learn the meaning of
color terms and the rules that apply to colors.
Qualities of Colors
Hue – is the family group name of a color. It is the name of a
color. Ones they are combined differently and given new
names.
Value – refers to the lightness or the tint or the darkness of
the shade. The scale of the value colors are from the very
lightest tint to the very darkest of the shade.
Intensity – means the brightness or dullness of a color.
When you refer to a color as “bright” or “very bright” or “dull”
or “very dull” you are describing its intensity. Example: green
peppers are bright yellow-green, while olives are dull yellow
green.
What is Risk?
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be
harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a
hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or
equipment loss.
For example: The risk of developing cancer from smoking
cigarettes could be expressed as "cigarette smokers are 12
times (for example) more likely to die of lung cancer than
non-smokers". Another way of reporting risk is "a certain
number, "Y", of smokers per 100,000 smokers will likely
develop lung cancer" (depending on their age and how many
years they have been smoking). These risks are expressed as
a probability or likelihood of developing a disease or getting
injured, whereas hazards refer to the possible consequences
(e.g., lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease from
cigarette smoking).
Types of Hazard
1. Chemical - A chemical hazard is any substance that can
cause harm, primarily to people. Chemicals of all kinds are
stored in our homes and can result in serious injuries if not
properly handled. Household items such as bleach can
result in harmful chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid if
carelessly used. Gasoline fumes from containers for
lawnmowers or boats can result in major health hazards if
inhaled.
2. Electrical - An electrical hazard can be defined as a
dangerous condition where a worker could make electrical
contact with energized equipment or a conductor, and from
which the person may sustain an injury from shock; and/or,
there is potential for the worker to receive an arc flash burn,
thermal burn, or blast injury.
3. Ergonomic - Ergonomic hazards impact employers and
workers and their families.
A. Poor workplace design, awkward body mechanics or
postures, repetitive movements, and other ergonomic
hazards induce or contribute to a staggering number of
cumulative trauma disorders.
B. Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) affect hands, wrists,
elbows, arms, shoulders, the lower back, and the cervical
spine area. Structures involved include tendons, muscles,
bones, nerves, and blood vessels. One can plan strategies for
abatement by learning to recognize the hazards that
contribute to CTD.
C. OSHA has published the Ergonomic Program
Management Guidelines. OSHA has also given Advance
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for an Ergonomic Standard
that will affect all industries.
D. A companywide ergonomic assessment should be
developed, followed by a well written ergonomic plan.
Ergonomic abatement will decrease the costs associated with
CTD and ultimately impact the corporate "bottom line."
4. Psychological - The psychosocial hazard has recently
been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard.
This type of hazard relates to mental health and behavioural
disorders.
5. Radiation - Radiation Hazard (RADHAZ) describes the
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic
hardware, ordinance, and personnel. In the military these
hazards are segregated as follows:
A) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP)
B) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
(HERO)
C) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF)
6. Biological - A biological hazard, or biohazard, is anything
coming from living organisms (i.e. pollen, fungi, animals,
insects, bacteria and viruses) that could be a threat to
someone's health. It is represented by ☣, the biohazard
symbol, which is used everywhere in the world. When people
see this sign they know to take precautions, and to follow
proper conduct for science labs.
7. Physical - Physical hazards are those substances which
threaten your physical safety. The most common types of
physical hazards are:
* Fire
* Explosion
* Chemical Reactivity
Hazards may be encountered when using the sewing
machine include:
• Cuts and injuries from sharp edges, knife blades, scissors
and pins
- Finger injuries while sewing
• Back injury from poor posture and improper lifting
procedures
- Eye strain from poor lighting