Lesson 2 - The Nature of Variables

LESSON 2: THE NATURE OF 2.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
VARIABLES
-It is the variable being tested and measured
VARIABLE in an experiment, and is ‘dependent’ on the
independent variable.
-It refers to the measurable characteristics, -It receives the effect caused by the
qualities, traits, or attributes of a particular independent variable.
individual, object, or situation being studied. -It is also known as the outcome or response
variable.
Example:
Example:
intelligence, bullying, stress management,
performance, study habits, absenteeism, etc. A study is on the relationship of study habits
and academic performance of MMSC senior
TYPES OF VARIABLE high school students.
1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE is the

dependent variable because it is depending
-It is a variable that stands alone and is NOT on the study habits of the students; if the
changed by the other variables you are students change their study habit the
trying to measure academic performance also change.
-Has a direct effect on the dependent
variable. 3. INTERVENING VARIABLE
-Also known as the stimulus or predictor
variable. -It is the variable that “stand between” the
independent and dependent variables.
Example: -It used to explain causal links between
other variables.
A study is on the relationship of study habits -Intervening variables cannot be observed in
and academic performance of MMSC senior an experimental research, but usually in
high school students. correlational research.
-Also known as mediating or moderating
** STUDY HABITS is the independent variable.
variable because it influenced the outcome
or the performance of the students
Example: -It is an outside influence that changes the
effect of a dependent and independent
Even if farm production is good, if the variable.
attitude towards payment is negative, loan
repayment would be low, whereas, if the Example:
attitude towards repayment is positive or
favorable, loan repayment would be high. LACK OF EXERCISE AS AN EFFECT TO
WEIGHT GAIN
A confounding variable would be any other

influence that has an effect on weight gain
like amount of food consumption, placebo,
or weather.
4. CONTROLLED VARIABLE
LESSON 3: IMPORTANCE OF
-It is any variable that can be manipulated
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS
by the researchers in a research study.
FIELDS
-It's not a variable of interest in the study,
but it's controlled because it could influence
A. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND \
the outcomes.
ANTHROPOLOGY
-Anthropology is the scientific study of

humans, their behavior and societies in the
past.
-Research in anthropology is combining
qualitative and quantitative research data.
-Because of quantitative research, there are
so many discoveries such as human behavior
in the society, racial and human evolution.
Example:
The theory of human evolution was realized

due to quantitative research that analyzes the
5. COMFOUNDING VARIABLE fossils.
-Variables that are not directly present in a

study -- they exist but their influence cannot
be directly detected in a study.
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND D. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND
COMMUNICATION MEDICINE
-Communication is the act of conveying -Medicine is the science and practice of

meanings from one entity or group to establishing the diagnosis, prognosis,
another through the use of mutually treatment, and prevention of disease.
understood signs, symbols, and semiotic Medical research aims to advance our
rules. knowledge to prevent and cure health
-Involves communication research. problems.
Example: Example:
-Invention of modern communication -Medical scientists design and conduct

devices is aproduct of quantitative quantitative studies to investigate human
researches. diseases, and methods to prevent and treat
-Through quantitative research, people are them.
able to communicate each other from distant
places because of telephones and internet E. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND
connection. PSYCHOLOGY
C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND -Psychology is the scientific study of the

SPORTS MEDICINE human mind and behavior.
-Quantitative psychologists study and
-Quantitative research is used to analyze develop the methods and techniques used to
how sports may be used as an alternative measure human behavior and other
way of medicating an illness. attributes.
Example: Example:
An example is the research done by Psychologists study the mental process and
University of Eastern Finland which human behavior by interpreting and
investigated the relationship between recording how people relate to one another
BEING INVOLVE IN TEAMSPORTS and and the environment.
WEIGHT LOSS.
F. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND
SOCIAL SCIENCE
-Social Science is the study of society and

the manner in which people behave and
influence the world around them.
-Social science research is the activity of
gathering, analyzing and interpreting
information for a variety of social,
economic, educational and political
purposes.
Example:
VARIOUS SCHOOL CONDUCTED A

STUDY TO DEVELOP PROGRAMS
THAT WILL ADDRESS THE PROBLEM
ON STUDENT'S ABSENTEEISM.
G. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND

BUSINESS
-Researches can help design a new product

or service, figuring out what is needed and
ensure the development of product is highly
targeted towards demand.

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LESSON 2: THE NATURE OF 2.

1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE is the

A confounding variable would be any other

-Anthropology is the scientific study of

The theory of human evolution was realized

-Variables that are not directly present in a

-Communication is the act of conveying -Medicine is the science and practice of

-Invention of modern communication -Medical scientists design and conduct

C. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND -Psychology is the scientific study of the

-Social Science is the study of society and

VARIOUS SCHOOL CONDUCTED A

G. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH AND

-Researches can help design a new product

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