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Ul 393-2005
Ul 393-2005
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MARCH 17, 2005 − UL 393 tr1
UL Standard for Safety for Indicating Pressure Gauges for Fire-Protection Service, UL 393
Summary of Topics
This new edition of UL 393 is a periodic re-issuance to ensure that UL’s Standards remain up to
date with regard to format and editorial issues such as numbering, pagination, and cross-
referencing. This new edition also includes revisions to the Maximum Error Permitted After the
Pressure Pulse and Vibration Test Exposures.
The new requirements are substantially in accordance with UL’s Proposal(s) on this subject dated
February 9, 2005.
The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Standard. For information concerning the use and
application of the requirements contained in this Standard, the current version of the UL Foreword is
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tr2 MARCH 17, 2005 − UL 393
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UL 393
Eighth Edition
ISBN 0-7629-1081-X
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2 INDICATING PRESSURE GAUGES FOR FIRE-PROTECTION SERVICE - UL 393 MARCH 17, 2005
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
3 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
4 Undated References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
CONSTRUCTION
5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
6 Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
7 Dials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
8 Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
9 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
10 Elastic Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
11 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
12 Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
PERFORMANCE
13 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
14 Nonmetallic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
14.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
14.2 Light and water test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
14.3 Air-oven aging test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
14.4 Low temperature exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
15 Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
16 Operation Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
17 Vibration Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
18 Excess Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
19 Hydrostatic Strength Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
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MARKING
22 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
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4 INDICATING PRESSURE GAUGES FOR FIRE-PROTECTION SERVICE - UL 393 MARCH 17, 2005
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
1.1 These requirements cover indicating pressure gauges of the elastic element type intended for use
with sprinkler or standpipe equipment for fire-protection service.
1.2 These requirements cover gauges of trade sizes 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 inches (90 to 115 mm), inclusive.
1.3 The gauges covered by these requirements are intended for installation and use according to the
following Standards of the National Fire Protection Association:
c) Standard for Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, NFPA 24;
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and
d) Standard for Installation of Stationary Fire Pumps for Fire Protection, NFPA 20.
2 Components
2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the
requirements for that component.
a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the
product covered by this standard, or
2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions of
use.
2.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities.
Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not
exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.
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3 Units of Measurement
3.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or
approximate information.
4 Undated References
4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be
interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.
CONSTRUCTION
5 General
5.1 Pressure connections shall be tapered pipe threads in the 1/4 inch-18 size conforming with the
Standard for Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
6 Sizes
6.1 The size of a gauge enclosed in a cylindrical case is to be the inside diameter of the case, in inches,
measured at the face of the dial.
6.2 The dimensions of a flush or surface mounted pressure gauge shall be as specified in Table 6.1.
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Table 6.1
Flush and surface mounted gauge dimensions
Gauge size, Mounting bolt circle diameter Case bolt hole diameter Outside diameter of flush
mounted case, maximum
inches inches (mm) inches (mm) inches (mm)
3-1/2 4.25 (108) 0.22 (5.6) 3.75 (95.3)
4-1/2 5.38 (137) 0.22 (5.6) 4.88 (124)
7 Dials
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6 INDICATING PRESSURE GAUGES FOR FIRE-PROTECTION SERVICE - UL 393 MARCH 17, 2005
Table 7.1
Dial ranges
Psia (kPa)
0 – 150 (0 – 1000)
0 – 250 (0 – 1600)
0 – 300 (0 – 2500)
0 – 600 (0 – 4000)
a Unless otherwise noted
7.2 The values of the minor, or smallest, graduations on the dial shall be those specified in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2
Value of smallest graduations
Range Graduations
Hg, inch psi (kPa) psi (kPa) Hg, inch
-30 to 0 0 to 150 (-100 – 0 – 1000) 5 (25) 1/2
(Compound Type)
– 0 to 45 (Retard (0 – 300) 1 (5) –
Type)
– 0 to 80 (Retard (0 – 600) 2 (10) –
Type)
– 0 to 100 (0 – 600) 2 (10) –
– 0 to 150 (0 – 1000) 2 (10) –
– 0 to 250 (0 – 1600) 5 (25) –
– 0 to 300 (0 – 2500) 5 (25) –
– 0 to 600 (0 – 4000) 10 (50) –
7.3 Graduations and numerals on the dial shall be sharp and legible, as produced by silvering and
lacquering, etching and filling, photographic, lithographic, and other equivalent processes.
7.4 Graduation lines shall be radial to the center of rotation of the pointer and shall project beyond the
arc described by the end of the pointer. Major and intermediate graduation lines shall be emphasized.
Graduations shall not extend beyond the calibrated portion of the scale.
Exception: Graduation lines on a mirror dial are not required to project beyond the arc described by the
end of the pointer.
7.5 Numerals provided shall enable the operator to accurately and quickly identify any pressure on the
scale. Numerals shall not obscure or crowd graduations or markings. Numerals shall not extend beyond
the calibrated portion of the scale.
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7.7 See General, Section 22 for additional marking requirements for gauges.
8 Pointers
8.1 A pointer shall be mounted on its staff so that it is capable of being reset without damage to the staff
or pointer.
8.2 The tip of the pointer shall pass within one minor graduation line width of the inner end of the minor
graduations.
9 Windows
a) Double strength glass no less than 0.115 inch (2.9 mm) thick, or the equivalent; or
The window shall be assembled into the gauge so that, in case of breakage, a new window is capable of
being easily inserted.
9.2 Nonmetallic windows shall comply with the requirements of Nonmetallic Components, Section 14, and
with the Window Impact Strength Test, Section 21.
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9.3 When laminated or heat-treated glass is used, it shall comply with the Standard for Safety Glazing
Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land Highways – Safety
Code, Standard, ANSI/SAE Z26.1.
10 Elastic Elements
10.1 An elastic element shall be seasoned or otherwise processed to reduce or eliminate internal
stresses resulting from the manufacturing process. See Operation, Vibration, and Excess Pressure Tests,
Sections 16 – 18.
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11 Materials
11.1 Metallic materials shall have the strength, rigidity, and resistance to corrosion equivalent to yellow
brass, or to bronze containing 15 percent or less of zinc.
11.2 Nonmetallic materials used for internal operating parts shall comply with the requirements of
Nonmetallic Components, Section 14.
11.3 Nonmetallic materials used for external parts shall comply with the requirements of Nonmetallic
Components, Section 14; Falling Ball Impact Test, Section 20; and with the Window Impact Strength Test,
Section 21.
12 Pointers
12.1 A stop shall prevent pointer motion beyond a point between the last and the first dial graduation and
shall prevent the pointer from striking an obstruction.
12.2 Pointer motion shall not be restrained at less than 105 percent of full-scale pressure.
PERFORMANCE
13 General
13.1 Representative samples of each size and pressure range of pressure gauges are to be subjected to
these tests. For the purpose of these requirements:
a) The normal pressure range for a retard-type gauge is the expanded scale range; and
b) The full scale range of a retard-type gauge is the maximum pressure indicated on the dial.
14 Nonmetallic Components
14.1 General
14.1.1 Nonmetallic materials are to be investigated for compliance with the requirements of 14.2.1 –
14.4.2 while assembled as intended into a complete gauge assembly.
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a) There shall be no cracking, warping, creeping, or other signs of deterioration of any internal
or external nonmetallic part that impairs the intended operation or protection of the gauge; and
14.2.2 The light and water exposure is to be conducted in accordance with the Standard Practice for
Operating Xenon-Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials, ASTM G155, using a Type
D or DH apparatus, as described therein.
14.2.3 Following the light and water exposure, samples of the gauge then shall comply with the
requirements of the Accuracy Test, Section 15.
14.3.1 There shall be no cracking, warping, creeping, or other signs of deterioration of internal
nonmetallic parts that prevents intended operation of the gauge following 180 days of exposure of air at
a temperature of 250 ±3.6°F (121 ±2°C).
14.3.2 There shall be no cracking, warping, creeping, reduction in transparency or other signs of
deterioration of external nonmetallic parts that prevents intended operation of the gauge following 90 days
of exposure to air at a temperature of 212 ±3°F (100 ±2°C).
14.3.3 Samples are to be supported so that they are prevented from touching each other or touching the
sides of a full-draft, circulating air oven that has been preheated to 250 ±3.6°F (121 ±2°C) for internal
nonmetallic parts and 212 ±3°F (100 ±2°C) for external nonmetallic parts. The samples are to be aged for
180 days for internal parts and 90 days for external parts and then allowed to cool in air at a temperature
of 73.4 ±3.6°F (23 ±2°C) for at least 24 hours before conducting any further tests or dimensional checks.
14.3.4 When a material exhibits excessive softening, distortion, or deterioration during the exposure at
250 ±3.6°F (121 ±2°C), or at 212 ±3.6°F (100 ±2°C), as applicable, the air-oven aging test is permitted to
be conducted at a lower temperature for a longer period of time. The duration of exposure at the lower
temperature is to be calculated from the following formula:
D = 788795 (ex)
in which:
e is 2.718;
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14.3.5 Following the air-oven aging test, samples with internal nonmetallic parts shall comply with the
requirements of the Vibration Test, Section 17, and the Hydrostatic Strength Test, Section 19. Samples
with external nonmetallic parts shall comply with the Vibration Test, Section 17; Falling Ball Impact Test,
Section 20; and with the Window Impact Strength Test, Section 21. Also, the samples are to be visually
examined to determine compliance with the requirements specified in 14.3.2.
14.4.1 There shall be no cracking, reduction in transparency or other signs of deterioration of external
nonmetallic parts that inhibits intended gauge operation following 3 hours of exposure to air at a
temperature of minus 0 ±3.6°F (17.8 ±2°C).
14.4.2 Following the low temperature exposure test, the samples shall comply with the Falling Ball Impact
Test, Section 20, and with the Window Impact Strength Test, Section 21.
15 Accuracy Test
15.1 The accuracy of a pressure gauge in the as-received condition, tested over its full scale range with
readings taken at both increasing and decreasing pressures, shall be as follows:
a) Over the upper and lower quarters of the expanded range the gauge shall be accurate to ±3
percent of the maximum expanded range pressure.
b) Over the middle half of the expanded range the gauge shall be accurate to ±2 percent of the
maximum expanded range pressure.
c) For a retard-type gauge, the accuracy at the maximum pressure shown on the dial shall be
±3 percent of that pressure.
d) For a compound type pressure gauge, the accuracy of the vacuum portion of the scale shall
be ±2 percent; the positive portion shall have an accuracy as specified in (a) and (b).
15.2 This test is to be conducted using a calibrated deadweight tester, a test gauge, or the equivalent.
When a test gauge is used, it:
a) Shall have accuracy to allow testing to the limits specified in 15.1 for the middle half of the
expanded range; and
b) Shall otherwise comply with the requirements for test gauges specified in the Standard for
Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments, ASME B40.100.
15.3 During each test, readings are to be taken at not less than three graduated points spaced at equal
intervals over the graduated scale range and at the maximum point of a retard-type gauge. The gauge is
to be tapped lightly prior to each reading.
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16 Operation Test
16.1 For all gauges except compound gauges, the increase in the error of a pressure gauge, in the
expanded scale range, from the specific value previously determined (measured) for an as-received
sample, shall not exceed 2 percent of the maximum positive pressure expanded scale range value after
the gauge has been subjected to 100,000 pressure pulses at a frequency of 55 ±10 pulses per minute.
Each pressure pulse is to begin at zero pressure, increase to one-half of the maximum expanded scale
range, then decrease to zero pressure. See 16.2.
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16.2 For compound gauges, the increase in error for an as-received sample after being subjected to the
pressure pulses specified in 16.3 shall not exceed 2 percent in both the vacuum and positive pressure
ranges of the gauge.
16.3 The vacuum portion of the gauge is to be subjected to 50,000 pressure pulses at a frequency of 20
±5 pulses per minute. The positive pressure portion of the gauge is to be subjected to 50,000 pulses at
a frequency of 55 ±10 pulses per minute. The pressure pulse for the vacuum portion is to begin at
atmospheric pressure [0 psig (0 kPa; 29.93 inches Hg)] and then be decreased by 27 inches Hg (91.2
kPa) of vacuum to a pressure of 2.93 inches Hg (9.9 kPa) and then be increased to atmospheric pressure.
The pressure pulse for the positive portion of the gauge is to begin at zero pressure, increase to one-half
of the maximum expanded scale range, then decrease to zero pressure. See 16.4.
16.4 Following the test, the gauge is to remain at zero pressure for at least 1 hour and then be tested as
described in Accuracy Test, Section 15. Two samples are to be tested.
17 Vibration Test
17.1 The increase in the error of a pressure gauge, in the expanded range, from the specific value
previously determined (measured) for an as-received sample, shall not exceed 2 percent of the maximum
positive pressure expanded range scale value following exposure to 120 hours of lateral vibration at an
amplitude of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm) and a frequency of 35 hertz. The increase in error shall not exceed 2
percent of the maximum vacuum range scale in the vacuum portion of a compound gauge. Two samples
are to be tested.
17.2 For this test, amplitude is defined as the maximum displacement of sinusoidal motion from position
of rest or one-half of the total table displacement.
17.3 The gauge is to be mounted with its dial in a vertical plane on a manifold subject to vibration in a
horizontal plane. The gauge dial is to be placed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the lateral
motion of the manifold.
17.4 The manifold and the gauge are to be maintained under an aerostatic pressure equal to 50 percent
±10 percent the maximum expanded range pressure of the gauge throughout the test.
17.5 Following the test, the gauge is to remain at zero pressure for at least 1 hour and then be tested as
described in Accuracy Test, Section 15.
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12 INDICATING PRESSURE GAUGES FOR FIRE-PROTECTION SERVICE - UL 393 MARCH 17, 2005
18.1 The increase in the error of a pressure gauge from the specific value previously determined
(measured) for an as-received sample shall not exceed 3 percent of the maximum positive pressure
expanded range value after the gauge has been subjected to hydrostatic pressure for a period of 3 hours
at a value of 25 percent greater than its maximum positive pressure expanded scale range value. The
increase in error shall not exceed 2 percent of the maximum vacuum range scale in the vacuum portion
of a compound gauge.
18.2 Following the test, the gauge is to remain at zero pressure for at least 1 hour and then be tested as
described in Accuracy Test, Section 15. Two samples are to be tested.
19.1 A pressure gauge shall withstand without rupture an internal hydrostatic pressure of three times the
maximum pressure indicated by its dial.
19.2 Each sample for test is to be connected into a system of piping in a manner permitting the removal
of all air in the piping and sample. A calibrated pressure gauge having a range of at least 300 percent of
the anticipated maximum test pressure is to be connected in the piping system.
20.1 There shall be no distortion, cracking, breaking, or other signs of damage or deterioration of external
nonmetallic parts when tested as described in 20.2. Two assembled gauges are to be tested in the
″as-received″ condition and following the exposure in 14.3.2 and 14.4.1.
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20.2 The gauge is to be mounted in a manifold in the horizontal position with the gauge dial facing
downward. A 2 inch (50.8 mm) diameter steel ball, weighing 7.85 ounces (223 g), is to be dropped from
a height of 40-3/4 inches (1.03 m) onto the back surface of the gauge at a location away from the base
or tube of the gauge. The steel ball is to be prevented from impacting more than once upon each sample.
20.3 Following the falling ball impact, samples are to be visually examined to verify that there is no
cracking, breaking, or other evidence of damage or distortion.
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MARCH 17, 2005 INDICATING PRESSURE GAUGES FOR FIRE-PROTECTION SERVICE - UL 393 13
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21.1 There shall be no distortion, cracking or breaking of window parts when tested as described in 21.2.
Two assembled gauges are to be tested in the ″as-received″ condition and following the exposure in
14.3.2 and 14.4.1.
21.2 The gauge is to be mounted in a manifold in the horizontal position with the gauge dial facing
upward. A 2 inch (50.8 mm) diameter steel ball, weighing 7.85 ounces (223 g), is to be dropped from a
height of 1 foot (305 mm) onto the window surface of the gauge at the center point. The steel ball is to
be prevented from impacting more than once upon the sample.
21.3 Following the impact, the samples are to be visually examined to verify that there is no cracking,
breaking or other evidence of distortion.
MARKING
22 General
22.1 The dial of a pressure gauge shall be marked with the following:
d) The units in which the scale is marked, such as psi or kPa, on the face.
22.2 When a manufacturer produces gauges at more than one factory, each gauge shall have a
distinctive marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.
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Copyright Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
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14 INDICATING PRESSURE GAUGES FOR FIRE-PROTECTION SERVICE - UL 393 MARCH 17, 2005
UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL –
NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR
DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL
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