MEETING 1

Introduction

The importance of English for Engineers

The words you choose to speak are as important as the decision to speak. This proverb

presents the gist about the need for engineers to attain fluency in speaking English

language. Engineering is the only subject, which has integrated the entire world

through technology. The world has become a platform, where everyone could speak

his mind, share ideas, and interact with others to make the dreams come true. English,

as a language, has united the great minds in the past only to result in prolific ideas

about inventions. When the skyscrapers, large flyovers, great cars and other mind-

boggling inventions saw light of the day, the great engineers from around the world

shouldered the responsibility and worked together to turn those into realities. The

exchange of ideas took place only through English as the engineers could interact

easily on the platform, where technology could grow in to fabulous inventions.

Let’s know about seven factors explaining the why fluency in English a “must” for

engineers.

1. English language- great tool for communicating

English is a great language for systematic communication. The first quality of the

language is when people use it for exchange of information during communication,

‘simplicity’ of the language always remains its “brevity”. As a dialect, it is easiest to

learn. People belonging to every profession could pick up smattering of

communication through it and speak it to communicate in a work atmosphere. To

communicate properly through this language, a person needs vocabulary strength of

only 5oo words. If he has this much of word power, it is enough for effective

communication at a work place. As the engineers use their technical jargon during

communication, they would not need a really high-powered vocabulary to

communicate during working hours. They could achieve highest efficiency simply by

having minimum strength in vocabulary that would help them in expressing the most

for their work.

2. English-great for explaining diagrams, sketches, and designs

great for explaining diagrams, sketches, and designsIn a work atmosphere of

engineers, diagrams, sketches, and designs are essential for continuing the work.

Engineers constantly interact among themselves using such tools for their work.

Using simplest form of communication in English, they could express their ideas and

work in unity to get complete command over the proficiency in work. Scientists,

technologists, and engineers are very comfortable using this language in a highly

dynamic work atmosphere. It helps them to remain in touch with each other without

any difficulty. As the techno-savvy persons do not appreciate any pompous form of

jargon and waste time using verbose, the “simplicity” of English language fulfills

their need to a great extent.

3. English- grand language for power-packed expression

While the engineers work, they need to communicate for self-expression. For power-

packed expression, English language helps a lot with its vocabulary and simplicity in
use. The engineers are able to drive the gist of their communication with a modicum

of vocabulary that could help in making an effective speech. It is the one language

among few languages that helps in building communication and helping in

understanding. The expressions through such language are humble without being

hurting but those could command loyalty in a workforce.

4. English expresses superbly the best of positive body language

As a language, English complements greatly with positive body language.

Articulations, expressions, signs and gesticulations during the speech are really

efficacious when coupled with English language. Engineers have found it as a great

beneficiary during a presentation as all such positive expression through body

language lends immense strength to make every part of presentation and makes it

successful. This is only language used world-wide to help the engineers highest in

industrial growth and efficiency of the work-force. A few words in English could

form an effective jargon for successful communication, which other languages could

deliver only through a lengthy vocabulary and highest efforts in communication.

5. English- a language of achievers

Achievers English is the one of the languages, which does not make use of rhetoric. It

is a language which does not support partisanship and sectarianism. The great

speakers of this language had always used rationality while they delivered timeless

speeches in history. Moreover, all the super-achievers in Fortune 500 companies

around the world hail from various parts of world and literally the versatile minds

created magic in technological inventions using English as a medium of interaction.

For instance, the software giants like Microsoft and Apple have in their teams of
performers from throughout the world but they only use English as the language of

communication.

6. English serves the best with its versatile quotes

As engineering is a very competitive and challenging field, giving motivation to the

team members is often a necessity. The effective speaking skill in this language could

take help of the best available quotations from various sources to make the speech

meaningful and impressive. Take instance of this famous inspirational quotation-“ to

the optimist, the glass is half full and to the pessimist, the glass is half empty but to an

engineer, the glass is twice as big as it needs be”.

Would not this motivational quotation serve its purpose best, when a team of

engineers is struggling in a project to make an invention? There are other such

motivational sayings that would prove the leadership in a person, who handles large

projects and he or she has to do efficient team management. English is now the only

language in the world that millions across the world speak and understand and the

language has proven mettle for bringing team spirit and leadership.

7. English- a language of dynamism sans any communication blocks

language of dynamism sans any communication blocksIn the nineties, information

technology began making headway, bringing in its wake a new order in the industrial

world. It created revolution in creating employment for hundreds of thousands of

people across the world. The educational institutions giving courses in information

technology mushroomed across the world. The programming languages in

information technology were written in English. People around the globe found the
amazing benefits of internet as A-Z in information in web was available only in

English. Internet brought the entire world together, serving the mythical proverb that

“the entire world is one family”.

So this mighty language has ever remained a source full of dynamism. It is extra-

ordinarily helpful in creating and developing understanding in the people and unlike

the other languages, it does not develop communication blocks, while an exchange of

information takes place. So far, it has stayed a great tool for communication, research

and development, when every revolution in technology has taken place.

MEETING 2

Reading Comprehension

Civil Engineering and Its History

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,

construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment,

including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.

Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for solving the

problems of society, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding

of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide

ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history

is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology,

soils, hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields.

Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The

earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000

BC in Ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley Civilization, and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq)

when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating a need for the

construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly

important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing.

Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and

architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations

referring to the same occupation, and often used interchangeably. The construction

of pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700– 2500 BC) were some of the first instances of large

structure constructions. Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include

the Qanat water management system (the oldest is older than 3000 years and longer

than 71 km,) the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447– 438 BC), the Appian

Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), the Great Wall of China by General Meng

T'ien under orders from Ch'in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC) and the stupas

constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation

works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their

empire, including especially harbors, bridges, dams and roads.

In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things

civilian as opposed to military engineering. The first self-proclaimed civil engineer

was John Smeaton, who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse. In 1771, Smeaton and

some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of

leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence

of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society.

In 1818 the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in London, and in 1820 the

eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president. The institution received a

Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognising civil engineering as a profession. Its

charter defined civil engineering as: the art of directing the great sources of power in

nature for the use and convenience of man, as the means of production and of traffic

in states, both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads,

bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation and docks for internal intercourse and

exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and

lighthouses, and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of

commerce, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the drainage

of cities and towns.

1. Which one is not correct: The civil engineering history is linked to the knowledge

of:

a. environment c. land

b. geology d. hydro water

2. When did earliest application of civil engineering begin?

3. Among these ancient construction, which one was the oldest?

a. Pyramids in Egypt

b. the Parthenon

c. the Appian Way

d. the Great Wall of China

4. When was the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers founded?

5. What happened two years after the Institution of Civil Engineers had been

founded?

MEETING 3

Grammar Focus: Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense & Simple Past Tense

Talking about activity in the present and in the past

Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense

S+ V1 S+V2

Time signal: today, every day, every Time signal: yesterday, last week,last

week, every month, every year, once a month, last year

week, twice a month, always, usually,

never

Activity in the present time: Activity in the past”

(+) They go to campus today (+) They went to campus yesterday

She comes to campus today She went to campus yesterday

(-) They don’ t go to campus today (-) They didn’ t go to campus yesterday

She doesn’ t go to campus today She didn’ t go to campus yesterday

(?) Do they go to campus today? (?) Do they go to campus yesterday?

Does she go to campus today? Does she go to campus yesterday?

General Fact:

Sugar is made of canes.

Sun shines

Time table:

I monitor the construction site every

week

I always wake up early in the morning

2. Present Continuous Tense & Past Continuous Tense

Talking about what you are doing now and what you were doing in the past

Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense

S + is/am/are (not) + v+ing S + was/were (not) + v + ing

Time signal: now, right now Time signal: past tense

I am reading now I was reading when you came yesterday

We are reading now We were reading when you came

yesterday

They are reading now They were reading when you came

yesterday

He is reading now He was reading when you came yesterday

A: Are you reading? A: I saw you yesterday. Were you

B: Yes, I am/ No, I am not reading?

B: Yes, I was/ No, I was not

A: What are you reading? A: what were you reading at that time?
B: I am reading a comic B: I was reading a comic.

A: Is he drawing? A: Joni sat beside you. Was he drawing?

B: Yes, he is/ No, he is not B: Yes, he was/ No, he was not

A: What is he drawing? A: What was he drawing?

B: He is drawing a design. B: He was drawing a design.

A: Hi, what are you doing here? A: I saw you in the mall last week. What

B: I am looking for a bag were you doing there?

B: I was looking for a bag

3. Present Future Tense & Past Future Tense

Talking about your plan and the plan in the past.

Present Future Tense Past Future Tense

S + Will (not) + Verb inf S + would (not) + verb inf

Time signal: Tomorrow, next (week, Time signal: past tense

month, year), later

Lisa: “ I will meet my grandmother next Lisa’ s friend: “ Yesterday, I heard you

week” . would meet your grandmother.”

Lisa: “ She will not go outside. It’ s Lisa’ s friend: “ It was raining this

raining. morning. I guess she would not go

outside.”
Example of conversation:

Father : Where will you go this afternoon?

Lisa : I will go to my friend’ s house, dad.

Father : Will you pass by the supermaket?

Lisa : Yes, I will. Do you want something, dad?

Father: Yes, I do. I want a toothbrush.

Lisa : Okay, I will buy it.

(45 minutes later. Lisa phones her father)

Lisa: Sorry, dad. I said I would go to my friend’ s house, but I postponed it. So, I

have not gone to supermarket.

Father : It’ s okay. I also thought you would not go, because it was raining heavily.

4. Present Perfect Tense & Past Perfect Tense

Talking about what have you done and what you had done in the past

Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense

S + have (not)+ V3 S + had (not) + V3

S + has (not) + V3 (She, He, It)

Time signal: just Time signal : past tense

I have studied in UMSU I had studied in UMSU

She has studied in UMSU She had studied in UMSU

A: Have you watched “ Spiderman” ? A: Had you watched the “ Spiderman”

 DVD that I bought yesterday?

B: Yes, I have/ No, I have not B: Yes, I had/ No, I had not

A: Has he fixed the car? A: Had he fixed the car yesterday?

B: Yes, he has/ No, he has not B: Yes, he had/ No, he had not

Conversation:

Joni : Have you eaten?

Joko : No, I have not eaten yet.

Joni : Have you washed your car?

Joko : No, I haven’ t.

Joni : So, what have you done?

Joko : I haven’ t done anything. I just slept.

Joni : You’ re so lazy. Had you painted the wall yesterday?

Joko : No, I had not painted the wall yesterday.

Joni : Had you watered the plants?

Joko : No, I hadn’ t.

Joni : So, what had you done yesterday?

Joko : I had not done anything. I just slept.

Joni : Oh God, help him!

MEETING 4

Grammar Focus: Tenses & Writing

(TR 1,TR 2)
 Learning English

Text 1

I study English in civil engineering study program every week. Now, I am practicing

the tenses. It is really important in this era to understand English, so I learn about

them. Tomorrow, I will read another book to make my understanding better. I have

bought a dictionary too. I can use it to help to know some difficult words.

Last week, I watched a good movie on television. It was in English. I was happy

because I could get some new words. I had seen many film in the past years, but the

movie was more interesting. I enjoyed it so much, but I needed to reduce the

television’ s volume because my sister was sleeping beside me at that time. It was so

funny. I tried to concentrate on the film while she was snoring loudly. I always smile

everytime I remember it.

Text 2

I have a house. It is not so big. Its fence is made of wood and white-painted. An old

well is located in the garden. There are many trees and jasmine flowers around. We

feel very fresh.

MEETING 5

Vocabulary Drills

(TR 3, MR 1, MR 2)

Port: Pelabuhan

Airport: Bandara
Tower: Menara

Bridge: Jembatan

Building: Gedung/Bangunan

Residential Building: Bangunan tempat tinggal

Pavement: Trotoar

Crossover: Penyeberangan

Road: Jalan

Highway: Jalan raya

Transportation Line: Jalur transportasi

Drainage: Drainase

Sewerage system: sistem pembuangan air

Canal: Kanal air

Dam: Bendungan

Aquaduct: Terowongan air

Breakwater: Tembok laut/bedungan gelombang

MEETING 6

Passive Voice

(TR 4, MR 3)

Passive Voice (kalimat pasif)

Formula: To be + verb 3

Object in active sentence is located in the beginning of the sentence if we make a

passive voice, and "to be" will follow the object.

Subject in active sentence will be put at the end and changed into object. (I- me, You-

you, We- us, They- them, She- her, He- he, It- it)

1.Simple Present Tense

Active (A): I take a bag

Passive(P): A bag is taken by me.

2. Simple Past Tense

A: I ate an appple

P: An apple was eaten by me

3. Present Continuous Tense

A: They are preparing a presentation

P: A presentation is being prepared by them

4. Past Continuous Tense

A: We were buying a laptop

P: A laptop was being bought by us

5. Present Future Tense

A: She will open a restaurant

P: A restaurant will be opened by her

6. Past Future Tense

A: He would fix his mother's car

P: His mother's car would be fixed by him

7. Present Perfect Tense

A: I have signed the letter

P: The letter has been signed by me

8. Past Perfect Tense

A: I had made an appointment

P: An appointment had been made by me

MEETING 7

(MR 4)

Listening Comprehension

1. The Bell Jar was

A. about her father

B. her first novel

C. a very successful collection of poems

D. her last poem

2. Sylvia Plath’ s ‘ Collected poems’

A. won the Pulitzer Prize twenty years after it was published

B. were written during the last year of her life

C. won the Pulitzer Prize in 1982

D. were never published

3. Sylvia’ s husband

A. made movies

B. died in 2003
 C. was also a poet

D. had a movie made about him

4. Susan Bassnett thought Sylvia’ s work

A. was about her husband

B. wasn’ t very good

C. was about work life

D. was of great interest to women

5. Sylvia’ s brother

A. was two years older than her

B. was born two years after her

C. was a professor at Boston University

D. was a highly educated academic

6. Sylvia Plath’ s time at college was difficult because

A. she got bad grades

B. she won a scholarship

C. boys didn’ t like her

D. she was short of money

7. In 1953 Sylvia
 A. left New York to get a job as an editor

B. rejected an offer to teach creative writing

C. worked as a guest editor in New York

D. returned to new York because she was depressed

8. What does the lecturer imply when she says “ Very few modern poets have

captured the popular imagination as much as Plath”

A. Plath was able to understand the hopes of ordinary people.

B. Plath has become very popular

C. It is unusual for a modern poet to become popular with ordinary people.

D. Plath’ s writing was about modern people and their imagination.

9. What does the lecturer imply when she says “ This domineering father figure

became a common theme that recurred throughout Plath’ s writing.”

A. The image of her father appears in many of her poems.

B. Plath often wrote of her love for her father.

C. Plath writings were dominated by the image of her father.

D. Plath’ s father often told her what to write about.

MEETING 8

(JURNAL. 1,2,3)
Vocabulary Drills II

Building material: Bahan Bangunan

Energy-efficient: Ramah lingkungan

Steel Frame: Rangka Baja

Earthquake-resistant: Tahan Gempa

Wood Frame: Rangka kayu

Leak: Kebocoran

Foreman: Mandor

Crack: Keretakan

Cement: Semen

Casting: Pengecoran

Concrete: Beton

Project: Proyek

Consulting Engineer: Engineer Konsultan

Contracting Engineer: Engineer Kontraktor

Construction site: Lokasi Konstruksi

Safety Helmet: Helm keselamatan

Architecture: Arsitektur

MEETING 9
(TR 5 MR 5)

Reading Comprehension

Civil Engineer: Job description

https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/278929-civil-engineer-job-

description

Civil engineers create, improve and protect the environment in which we live. They plan,

design and oversee construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities,

such as roads, railways, airports, bridges, harbors, dams, irrigation projects, power plants,

water, and sewerage systems. They also design and build tall buildings and large

structures that they can last for hundreds of years and withstand all weather conditions.

Civil engineers can either be consulting engineers who advise on projects and design

them, or contracting engineers who turn their plans into reality and maintain the structures

once they are built. Typical civil engineering work activities include:

 undertaking technical and feasibility studies including site investigations

 using a range of computer packages for developing detailed designs

 undertaking complex and repetitive calculations

 liaising with clients and a variety of professionals including architects and

subcontractors

 compiling job specs and supervising tendering procedures

 resolving design and development problems

 managing budgets and project resources

  scheduling material and equipment purchases and deliveries

 making sure the project complies with legal requirements

 assessing the sustainability and environmental impact of projects

 ensuring projects run smoothly and structures are completed within budget and on

time

Working as a civil engineer you may be required to work away from home for periods of

time. Frequent visits to sites may also be necessary, especially for new graduates. Travel

abroad may be possible with a large consultancy company.

Key skills for civil engineers

Employers seek creative graduates who are commercially aware and capable of working

well within a team environment. Other key skills include:

 mathematical and technical skills including physics

 ability to think methodically, to design, plan and manage projects

 ability to maintain an overview of entire projects while continuing to attend to

detailed technicalities

 excellent verbal and written communication skills

 negotiating, supervisory and leadership skills combined with the ability to

delegate

Questions

1. What are signs that show a building is firm based on the first paragraph?

2. Which one is not true from the engineering work activities below ?

a. investigating site
 b. improving the construction design details by using computer

c. investing the budget of the project

d. setting the right time when the material will be purchased

3. What is a suggestion for a fresh engineer?

4. Are mathematical and technical skills the first skills that an engineer must have

based on the last paragraph?

MEETING 10

Descriptive Paragraph

A descriptive paragraph describes a thing, a person, or a place. Detailed information

allows the reader to form an image in his or her imagination. The better the

description, the clearer the image.

The sense of sight is the one that most writers consider first, but try to work on that

one last. Let's take, for example, a description of a place. What do you feel when you

go there? What do you feel on your skin? Is it hot or cold? Is it wet or dry? What do

you smell? Is there food? Are the smells good or bad? What do the smells remind you

of? What do you hear? Is it quiet or noisy? Are there cars moving about? Are people

talking? What about the sounds of nature? Are they present? Even a soft wind makes

a sound. Taste is a difficult sense to describe, and the degree to which you pay this

any attention depends on the subject matter. Sight comes last. Here you can describe

color, size, depth, height, width, etc.

Here's an example. In this simple description, the reader should get a good sense of

what it's like to be in this place.

Lake Harriet is a great place to to swim and relax. In the summer, the water is warm

and clean, and the beaches attract people seeking relief from a midsummer scorcher.

In addition to swimming, visitors to the lake can go canoeing, sailing, windsurfing, or

fishing. The blue water is a refreshing, tempting sight. The sweet scent of sun block

wafts through the air from sunbathers lying on the beach. Children laugh and splash

in the water, and nearby volleyball games stir passionate shouts in the heat of

competition. Meanwhile lifeguards sit atop their towers and make sure everyone is

safe. In the distance, sail boats catch the soft breezes that ripple Lake Harriet’s

surface, and canoeists glide quietly past. This is what summer is all about!

In this simple description, the reader should get a good sense of what it’s like to be in

this place. The prewriting exercise of listing different aspects of the experience as it

relates to the five senses is helpful when coming up with something to write.

MEETING 11

Job Application Letter

(Mini Research 1)

Sean Merchant

Hiring Manager

Dayjob Ltd

The Big Peg

Birmingham

B18 6NF

Date: 23rd July 2012

Dear Mr Merchant,

Your company recently advertised on the dayjob.com website for a Civil Engineer.

After reading the job description I am confident that I would be a perfect fit for this

position as my experience and abilities precisely match your requirements.

Without wishing to sound boastful I feel that I come to you with a background that is

unique and distinctive from other applicants. I possess a strong desire to build a career

within engineering and to learn more about the ................. industry. These points

coupled with my proven ability to .......................... have prepared me well for a

position at your company. My core strengths include, but are not limited to the

following:

Continuously developing processes and procedures to improve efficiency in all areas.

Being able to learn from my experiences and keep evolving my approach until goals

are achieved.

An ability to communicate effectively with people from all backgrounds and levels.

For additional information about my capabilities please view my attached resume.

Right now I want to work for a reputable and exciting company like yours where

there will be a big stage for my talents. Therefore I would welcome the chance of an
interview, where we would be able to discuss in greater detail the value and strength

that I can bring to your already successful company.

I thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Michelle Roberts

123 Some Made Up Road

Dudley

West Midlands

B111 8AAA

T: 0044 121 638 0026

M: 0870 061 0121

E: [email protected]

MEETING 12

Reading Comprehension

(Mini Research 2)
 Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions

result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the

needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies

goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods).

Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city.

Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas

site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally

much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. if a city is well situated in

regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for

example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end

of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its

vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also

overlooks what is one of the world’ s finest large farming regions. These factors

ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous

characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during

thunderstorm activity.

Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’ s importance stems

from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadephia and Boston both

originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’ s location at

the western end of one of the world’ s most important oceanic trade routes, but only

New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk

lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New

York’ s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many

aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not,

original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course,

such characteristic as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal

shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such

factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

18. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The development of trade routes through United States cities

(B) Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States

(C) Historical differences among three large United States cities

(D) The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities

19. The word “ ingenuity” in line 2. is closest in meaning to ….

(A) wealth

(B) resourcefulness

(C) traditions

(D) organization

20. The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city’ s soil type part of

its ….

(A) hinterland

(B) situation

(C) site

(D) function

21. According to the passage, a city’ s situation is more important than its site in

regard to the city’ s ….

(A) long-term growth and prosperity

(B) ability to protect its citizenry

(C) possession of favorable weather conditions

(D) need to import food supplies

22. The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago’ s location

EXCEPT its ….

(A) hinterland

(B) nearness to a large lake

(C) position in regard to transport routes

(D) flat terrain

23. The word “ characteristics” in line 14 is closest in meaning to ….

(A) choices

(B) attitudes

(C) qualities

(D) inhabitants

24. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to ….

(A) summarize past research and introduce anew study

(B) describe a historical period

(C) emphasize the advantages of one theory over another

(D) define a term and illustrate it with an example

25. According to the passage, Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City

in ….

(A) size of population

(B) age

(C) site

(D) availability of rail transportation

26. The word “ functional” in line 20 is closest in meaning to ….

(A) alternate

(B) unknown

(C) original

(D) usable

27. The word “ it” in line 21 refers to ….

(A) account

(B) primacy

(C) connection

(D) hinterland

28. The word “ significant” in line 26 is closest in meaning to ….

(A) threatening

(B) meaningful

(C) obvious

(D) available

(D) reached
MEETING 13

English for Presentation

Greeting and Introducing Yourself

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is...

Good morning, everyone. I am...

Good morning. My name is ... and I am the new Sales Manager.

It’s very nice to be here today.

I am happy to see you all here today.

I’m very pleased to be here.

I’m glad you could all come.

Thank you for coming.

Thank you all very much for coming today.

Welcome to.... My name is...

Let me introduce myself, my name is...

I am happy to have this chance to speak you today about...

I plan to say few words about...

Introducing the subject/title

I would like to talk today about ...

I'm going to present the recent ...

I am going to explain our position on ...

I`d like to introduce …

I am going to inform you about ...

I would like to describe ...

My presentation is going to focus on...

The topic of my presentation is...

In today`s presentation I`m planning to...

Right, let`s make a start.

Introducing the purpose

The purpose of this presentation is...

We are here to make a decision...

Today I would like to inform you about...

This presentation is designed to give you the background...

Today I am going to introduce you...

Beginning and signposting

I would like to begin by...

I´d like to start by looking at...

Let me start by...

I would like to make few remarks...

I would like to comment the problem of...

The most important points I would like to talk about are...

There are several points I would like to make.

Today, I am going to talk...

This presentation is divided into two main parts: firstly,... secondly,...

First of all, I would like to look at...

Firstly, … secondly,…, … lastly, … I am going to talk about...

My first point will be about ..., my second point will be about ... etc.

Introducing a new point

Lets turn to...

Turning to...

Let`s now go on to...

I want to move on to...

I would now like to turn to...

The next problem / question I would like to focus on is...

Now I would like to turn to the problem of...

Next,...

I would now like to look at...

Now, let`s move on to...

Next, I`ll talk about...

Ordering new part or idea

To begin with...

Let`s start with

Firstly,... secondly,... finally,...

First of all, we all must understand that...

Let`s move back to...

Now I would like to come to...

Adding something

In addition, ...

Moreover, ...

Furthermore, ...

I would like to add ...

Not only..., but also...

Giving examples

For example...

For instance...

Let me give an example...

In this case...

In this example...

To illustrate this point...

Balancing and comparing

On the one hand..., but on the other hand...

In spite of..., we still think...

Despite..., I still think

In the same way...

Similarly...

On the contrary....

It is like...

Generalising
In general,...

Generally speaking, ...

On the whole, ...

In short, ...

After all, ...

In other words, ...

Stating a Preference

I prefer... to....

I`d...

It it were up to me,...

I think...

I would rather ... than ...

Using Visual Aids

Let me show you...

Let`s look at...

Have a look at...

Let me show you the figures for...

You can see here...

Let`s have a look at the graphics.

At the screen you will see...

Notice the...

In the next slide you will see...

This chart illustrates the figures...

This area of the chart is interesting...

Concluding

Let me conclude by saying...

In conclusion, ...

I would like to conclude by emphasizing the fact that...

To sum up,...

Let me summarize briefly what I have said.

Finally, I would like to say...

Making recommendations

I would suggest...

I recommend that...

In my opinion...

I would like to recommend to...

I suggest you to...

Inviting the questions

Any questions?

If you have any questions, I`d like to answer them now.

If you have any questions, just ask them now.

If anyone has any questions, please feel free to ask them.

Answering the questions

Yes, I see your point...

I am afraid I didn`t quite catch that.

I´m sorry, I didn`t hear. Could you repeat?

Could we deal with that question later?

If you don`t mind I`d rather answer that question later.

I think that this is not the right place to discusse this problem/question

I am sorry I don`t know the answer to that question. Maybe someone here can help

us?

I am afraid I don`t have that information.

Was this answer OK?

If there are no more questions, I would like to finish. Thank you for your attention.

Task

Present your dream building design!

Dine with sharks, stingrays and turtles! Inside the world's first glass underwater

restaurant, five meters BELOW the Indian Ocean.

Material Sources:

-www.wikipedia.com
-www.askiitians.com/iit-jee/article/how-important-is-english-language-fluency-

for-engineers.html

www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL11_descriptive_par

agraphs.html

-www.examenglish.com

-www.eduers.com

-www.coursehero.com

-www.presentation-guide.weebly.com/presentation-expressions.html

-www.dayjob.com