BADMINTON

Einführung
Badminton, the world’s fastest racquet sport is played using racquets to hit
a shuttlecock across the net. It is the second most popular sport in the world
after football. It is governed by the Badminton World Federation (BWF), the
internationally recognized governing body of the sport. The game of badminton was
probably originated more than 2000 years ago in Europe & Asia.
Its earlier variant was known as battledore (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock. The
objective of the sports is to hit the shuttlecock (also known as shuttle or birdie) over
and across the net on the opponent’s court so that the opponent can’t find time to
return it back and score a point.
History
The origin of badminton is supposed to be coming
from ancient China and Greece approximately 2000 years back, where players used to
play similar games called battledore and shuttlecock. A very similar game,
called 'Poona', was also played in India in the 18th century.
In the 1860s, it was later adopted by the British Army officers sheltered in India, who
later took it to England, where it gained fame and success under the name
'Badminton'. The first world governing body of badminton was established
as IBF (International Badminton Federation), which was later renamed
to BWF (Badminton World Federation) on 24 September 2006.
Participants
One player on each side in “singles” matches and two players on each side in “doubles”
matches. It is played by both men as well as women.
Events
Singles
Men’s Singles or Women’s Singles events
Double
Men’s Doubles or Women’s Doubles events
Mixed Doubles
Pair of one male and one female player each side
Variants
Speed badminton
Speed badminton, or Speedminton, is an informal variant of badminton which can be
played without any specific court or net. The court usually comprises of two squares
of 18 feet each located opposite to each other at a distance
of 42 ft. Speedminton and badminton rackets are quite similar, except the fact that the
material used in making their strings is different. Also, unlike badminton, Speedminton
is played with a ball which is generally called a speeder.
The name speed badminton was later changed to Cross Milton on 1st January 2016,
and the world governing body for Speedminton sports - the International Speed
Badminton Organisation (ISBO) - was renamed to International Crossminton
Organization (ICO) on August 25, 2011.
Doubles
The doubles matchup consists between a team of two players each. However, it is
usually played on a singles court, and the serving rules are slightly changed so that each
player gets a chance to serve. The doubles matches can be played with a team of same-
gender players (male-male, female-female) or a team of different gender players
(male-female), which is also called mixed doubles. In order the differentiate doubles
with the common one, the general game is termed as the Singles in which
single players perform from each side.
Black lighting
Black lighting, also called blackminton, is a variation of crossminton (and
hence, badminton) which is played in the night or the dark.
The shuttles/speeders used in the game of black lighting are usually made up
of fluorescent equipment. Similarly, the blackminton court can also
be painted or pegged up.
Equipment
Badminton Rackets
The earliest form of badminton rackets consisted of remarkably heavy wooden frames
which hindered a player's speed. Players then moved towards lightweight rackets made
up of aluminium frames, which later evolved to the modern day design consisting
of carbon fibre composite materials.
Racket Strings
In the ancient days of the badminton sports, strings were made from natural animal
gut. However, in the later and modern days of the game, players were opting out of the
sleazy traditional equipment and choosing modern ones. Thus, natural strings were
replaced by synthetic materials which allowed players to attain
maximum speed and string tension. Synthetic strings also allow better durability and
are less costly than natural ones.
Racket Grip
Due to the same reason stated above, players used to choose grips made up
from synthetic materials over the ones made up from animal skin and leather.
Synthetic grips made up from Polyurethane, and other kinds of similar materials help
the players to achieve a good grip on the racket and also provide comfort. The grip is
used to increase the thickness of racquet handle and to get a comfortable surface to
hold which depends upon the choice of the player in which he/she is comfortable in
playing.
Badminton Net
The badminton net is what equally divides the badminton court into two sides, creating
the objective of attempting to make the shuttlecock hit the floor on the other side to
win a point.
Badminton Shuttlecock
The shuttlecocks are conical-shaped equipment used in badminton. They are also
regarded as a bird or birdie. A shuttle can achieve a speed up to 200 mph after being
hit by a racket. The shuttles are composed of real feathers, usually of goose or duck.
Badminton Clothing
Comfortable cotton shirts and a pair of shorts or skirts are worn that keeps the player
cool.
Badminton Shoes
Lightweight non-marking rubber-soled shoes are worn by the players that provide an
excellent grip along with thick cotton socks to prevent blisters.
Badminton Wristband
Wristband or Sweatband is used to prevent sweat from dripping down onto the racquet
handle.
Technology
Hawk Eye technology is a computer-based technology which helps in providing a
virtual understanding of the path of an object such as the ball used in Cricket, Tennis,
Badminton etc.. The Hawk Eye was first used during a Test match, held between
Pakistan and England at Lord’s Cricket Ground in 2001.
Playing Area
• The court is rectangular, i.e., 17 feet (5.18 metres in width) by 44 feet (13.4
metres in length) for singles matches and 20 feet (6.1 metres in width)
by 44 feet for doubles matches. The overall court is divided into halves by a net
(dividing the length of the court). It measures 5 feet high in the center
and 5.08 feet high at the posts (edges). The two uprights of the net are always
positioned on the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.
• The singles sideline, i.e., the edge of the court in the singles game
is 1.6 feet inside the doubles sideline. The center line divides the width of the
court & marks the left and right service courts. The short service line is 6.6
feet from the net.
• The long service line for doubles is 12.75 feet behind the short service line (2.6
feet from the back boundary). The long service line for doubles is 2.4 feet ahead
of the long service line for singles. The long service line is also called the back
boundary line.
• The surface of a badminton court consists of a sprung, often plywood,
the floor beneath a vinyl covering or strips of treated hardwood.
Techniques
Service
The shuttlecock must be played below the server’s waist. The arm must remain below
shoulder height & both feet must be on the ground.
Drive
A quick shot that passes through the net in a horizontal trajectory. It can be forehand
or backhand. Forehand drive is like hitting with the palm & backhand drive is like hitting
with the knuckles.
Smash
It is the most spectacular & powerful attack shot that drives the shuttle down on
the opponent’s court and is used to end a rally.
Clear
It is a high and deep shot, usually a forehand stroke that slows down the momentum
of the play and gives the hitter a chance to get back into a good position.
Net Play
Shots played from around the net area that reduces the
opponent’s reaction time and forces him to move a long distance.
Officials
Referee
The most senior official and overall in-charge of the tournament.
Umpire
The in-charge of the match and the court; usually sits on a high chair overlooking the
net and reports to the referee.
Service Judge
To call service faults and to watch that the serve is legal.
Line Judges
Ten judges to indicate whether a shuttle is in or out of bounds.

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Einführung

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