The Grammarite - 8 - Answer Key

Answer Key
1. Sentences
Let’s link it
A. 2. It’s cold today, / it? isn’t

3. Ensure that the room is tidy before / leave. you
4. / he have to leave today or can he leave tomorrow? Does
5. One of the most popular hobbies / philately. is
6. No challenge will be too tough / we have the will to succeed. if
B. (Answers except 2 and 8 are suggested answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
1. My favourite pastime is to play with my dog, Shadow.
2. Eleven people make a cricket team.
3. I enjoy spending time with my next-door neighbour, Shalini.
4. I wish to travel to the Ajanta and Ellora caves.
5. The storybook I like most is Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll.
6. Yes, I did meet my childhood friend last Sunday.
7. I am planning to visit Kochi in the coming week.
8. Someone who knows many languages is known as a polyglot.
C. 2. Book my tickets for the morning flight.
3. What a lovely piece of music!
4. Make sure you answer all the questions.
5. I just met the minister on the way in!
D. 2. Hasn’t it ended with a landmark judgement?
3. Wasn’t the government directed to grant women permanent commissions in the army?
4. Isn’t it clearly the season for women?
5. Don’t women play important roles in different walks of life today?
E. (Since the instruction does not use the word ‘transform’, the exclamatory sentences can be framed
in more than one way. Suggested answers are given below. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
2. What joy the picnic gave me!
3. What a beautiful piece of art is this!
4. Congratulations! You deserve it!
5. What a brilliant orator he is!
6. What a wonderful sight it was to watch her perform on stage for the first time!
7. How incredible this musical composition is!
8. How wonderful her personality is!
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9. How monotonous life during old age might be for some!
10. What a hardworking student Ramesh is!
F. 2. don’t they? 3. isn’t it? 4. didn’t you?
5. isn’t he? 6. have they? 7. shall we?
8. will you? 9. have you? 10. can you?
Let’s crack it
A. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
B. 2. Mr Seth did not give a permanent solution to the problem.
3. He was not unconscious when he was brought to the hospital.
4. He doesn’t seem unfit to take up physical labour.
5. It is not uncommon/rare to have grey hair.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. Would 2. Is 3. What 4. Should

5. Do 6. May 7. How 8. Where
B. 2. I am not fascinated by fire.
3. He cannot drive before he gets his licence.
4. He cannot do his work.
5. I do not know how to play chess.
6. I will not pledge allegiance to an enemy.
C. 1. doesn’t it? 2. don’t we? 3. doesn’t it? 4. haven’t I?
5. shouldn’t we? 6. do you? 7. hasn’t he? 8. was she?
9. isn’t he? 10. didn’t he?
D. 1. Let us not be impractical while dealing with tricky issues. / Shouldn’t we be practical while
dealing with tricky issues?
2. You should not cross the road anywhere but at the zebra crossing. / Don’t ever cross
the road anywhere but at the zebra crossing. / Shouldn’t you cross the road at the zebra
crossing only?
3. Can anything change people who are not ready to accept change?
4. What he has just said about himself is false.
5. It is not easy to find good friends. / Isn’t it difficult to find good friends?
6. We will win the match.
7. What a beautiful rainbow it is!
8. Won’t Mayank buy a notebook and some pencils from the bookshop?
9. He is not a young man. / Isn’t he an old man?
10. What a wonderful surprise it is!
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11. Please pass me that book.
12. Aren’t all the buildings located in this area big?
Comprehension
A. 1. Kofi Annan was the first secretary-general of the United Nations who was elected from
the ranks of the UN staff. This made his appointment as the secretary-general a landmark
event for the organization.
2. The three significant aspects of Annan’s vision for the UN were peacekeeping, establishing
norms for international law, and emphasizing the values of equality, tolerance, and human
dignity mandated by the UN charter.
3. Considering the fight against HIV/AIDS to be a personal priority, Kofi Annan called for
the establishment of a global fund to help increase the flow of money for healthcare in
developing countries.
2. Nouns
Let’s link it
A.
Nouns Proper Common Collective Abstract Countable Uncountable
2. herd  
3. toy  
4. Nidhi 
5. flower  
6. swarm  
7. sugar 
8. responsibility  
B. 1. fish 2. tanks 3. dancers 4. wolves 5. nations

6. arrows 7. thieves 8. stars 9. warships 10.
sheep
C. 1. Countable noun: man; Uncountable noun: tea
2. Countable noun: animal; Uncountable noun: information
3. Uncountable nouns: equipment, expense
4. Countable noun: restaurant
5. Countable nouns: doctors, hospital
6. Countable nouns: candles, cake
7. Countable noun: flower; Uncountable nouns: air, sweetness
8. Countable noun: pond; Uncountable noun: water
9. Countable noun: piece; Uncountable noun: advice
10. Uncountable noun: cheese
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D. 1. honesty 2. childhood 3. Health, wealth
4. density 5. priority 6. Obesity
7. Curiosity 8. courage, determination 9. wisdom
10. patience
E. Verbs Adjectives Abstract nouns
darken dark darkness
laughing laughable laughter
inform informative information
live lively life
succeed successful success
F. Verbs and adjectives Abstract nouns
1. great greatness
2. brave bravery
3. die death
4. happy happiness
5. fail failure
6. act action
7. wide width
8. broad breadth
9. just justice
10. protect protection
11. pleasing pleasure
12. heroic heroism
13. try trial
14. generous generosity
15. forgive forgiveness
G. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)

1. The movie’s greatness lies in its dialogues.
2. It was our pleasure to learn from you.
3. My parents believe in life after death.
4. We must take responsibility of our own actions.
5. There was a power failure in our society for three hours.
6. My uncle treated me with generosity.
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7. Manish showed great heroism by helping police catch the thief.
8. Looking at the result, her eyes shone with happiness.
9. The NGO helps in the conservation and protection of the environment.
10. The thief begged forgiveness for what he had done.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. Nominative case: Jeevan; Objective case: project

2. Nominative case: Swat and Meera; Objective case: chess
3. Nominative case: We; Objective case: Sejel’s parents; Possessive case: Sejal’s
4. Nominative case: The cover; Possessive case: Rita’s
5. Nominative case: Maheshwari; Objective case: annual function
6. Nominative case: I; Objective case: sister-in-law’s shawl; Possessive case: sister-in-law’s
7. Nominative case: Father; Objective case: books
8. Nominative case: Brussels; Possessive case: Belgium’s; Objective case: Belgium’s capital
9. Nominative case: The Taj Mahal
10. Objective case: him
B. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
1. The workers’ representative stood up to speak.
2. My father-in-law’s passion for collecting rare paintings is quite well known.
3. The phone’s monotonous wailing brought me out of slumber.
4. The lens’ adjustment is not correct.
5. Rohit and Vijay’s new shop was inaugurated yesterday.
6. The fishermen’s nets have been left out to dry.
7. You will be graduated in a year’s time.
8. The priests’ living quarters are downstairs.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. assortment 2. ensemble 3. anthology 4. bouquet

5. archipelago
B. 1. greatness 2. irritation 3. action 4. length
5. expressions 6. cowardice 7. equality 8. dedication
9. Knowledge 10. education, success
C. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
Composition
A. (Encourage students to write the summary in not more than 100 words. Suitable answers
should be accepted.)
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3. Adjectives
Let’s link it
A. 1. large 2. clear 3. favourite 4. sweet 5. tough

6. successful 7. reputed 8. careful 9. exceptional 10.
fresh
B. 1. c) 2. e) 3. a) 4. b) 5. d) 6. h) 7. f) 8. g)
C. 1. d) 2. e) 3. a) 4. j) 5. k) 6. i) 7. c) 8. b)
9. f) 10. g) 11. h)
D. 1. What 2. What 3. My 4. Ten, first
5. This, that 6. Each, every
Let’s crack it
A. Are there any doctors available?

Do you have any injuries? Can I give you some medicine?
Have you got any aspirin? Can I buy some?
Here are some tablets for you. If you have any problems, you can come back and meet
the doctor.
Do you have any snacks to eat?
I think we have some sandwiches and some oranges here. Would you like to some?
I don’t have any change. Can I have some change to make a call?
B. 1. many, much 2. much 3. many 4. much
5. many 6. many 7. much 8. much
9. many 10. many 11. much 12. many
C. 1. little 2. few 3. few 4. a little, some
5. some, a few 6. a few 7. Little 8. a little
9. a few 10. a few
D. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
1. I was happy to meet the famous author at the book fair.
2. I like the natural colour of your hair.
3. They took a scenic route while coming back from Manali.
4. The talk by the lecturer was very informative.
5. Shyaam is the most talkative student of the class.
6. My little cousin is adorable.
7. What a lively day!
8. We should eat fresh, wholesome food.
9. Her singing had a magical effect on us.
E. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
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F. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
2. A night in a graveyard is scary.
A night in a graveyard with a stranger is scarier.
A night in a graveyard with a stranger who turns out to be a ghost is the scariest.
3. A sports car is fast.
A bullet train is faster.
A jet plane is the fastest.
4. My classroom is big.
The auditorium is bigger.
The playground is the biggest.
5. A man-eating tiger is dangerous.
A hungry man-eating tiger is more dangerous.
A hungry and wounded man-eating tiger is the most dangerous.
G. 1. Mary wrote the best essay in the examination.
2. No other sketch I have ever seen is worse than this one.
3. English is the easiest language.
4. No other book I have ever read is better than this one.
5. Milk is not as fattening as ice cream.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. easy 2. creative 3. lyrical 4. excellent

5. acceptable 6. playful 7. anxious 8. proud
9. hot 10. beautiful 11. influential 12. informative
B. 1. This knife is / than the other one. sharper
2. Most people in the village think that he is / than his father. more intelligent
3. The painting was sold to the / bidder. highest
4. Even the / excuse was not acceptable. slightest
5. This is the / that one would expect from a son. least
6. Hunger is supposed to be the / sauce. best
7. Gold is / than any other metal. more precious
8. Is there any animal / than the tiger? more ferocious
9. Because of his illness he needs a / diet. more nutritious
10. Harry is / of the two brothers. stronger
C. 1. Reema is the most intelligent student of the class.
2. No other lake in the world is as large as the Caspian Sea.
3. No other poet who wrote in German was greater than Goethe.
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4. I have got the highest marks in mathematics in my class.
5. No other book I have read so far is as good as the one I have just finished.
(positive degree)
No other book I have read so far is better than the one I have just finished.
(comparative degree)
6. No other boy in the team is as strong as Rahul.
7. Grandfather is the wisest member of the family.
8. No other employee in the office is more polite than Sheeba.
9. Suman has cleaner desk than any other student in the class.
10. Rohit is the most experienced member of his department.
11. No other player in the team is smarter than Harish.
12. No other flower in the bouquet is as bright as the red flower.
D. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
E. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
Comprehension
A. 1. One can reach the Andaman Islands by ship or air.

2. The three words used to describe the environment of the Andaman Islands are: clean,
unpolluted, and fresh.
3. a) F b) T c) T
4. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
a) Sherlock has located the whereabouts of Moriarty.
b) Are we alone in this vast universe?
c) The basement of his house served as a haven for thieves.
5. a) tourists and naturalists
Let’s build words

A. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
Prefixes Meanings Words starting with the prefixes
2. pro- to favour, to project pro-Congress, proclaim, procreate

outward/forward
3. multi- many multimillion, multimedia, multipurpose
4. over- above, to an excessive overconfident, overlook, overact

degree
5. micro- small microbiology, microscope, microsecond
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6. auto- on its/one’s own autograph, automobile, autopilot
7. anti- to oppose/stand against anti-Congress, antidote
8. retro- backward retrospect, retrograde, retrogress
9. intro- inward introspect, introvert, introduce
10. trans- across transcend, transfix, transatlantic
B. 1. b) misinterpret 2. a) irresponsible
3. d) antisocial 4. e) maladjustment
5. c) supernatural 6. j) multi-coloured
7. h) autobiography 8. i) overtime
9. g) transform 10. f) hypersensitive
C. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
1. completion, deletion, subtraction
2. wholesome, tiresome, troublesome
3. entirely, totally, shyly
4. highest, greatest, lowest,
5. frying, making, sleeping
4. Pronouns
Let’s link it
A. 1. d 2. i 3. e 4. c 5. g
6. j 7. h 8. b / f 9. b / f 10. a
B. I (personal pronoun), Farhaan (noun replaced); they (personal pronoun), Grandfather and
Grandmother (nouns replaced); it (personal pronoun), bakery (noun replaced); I (personal
pronoun), Farhaan (noun replaced); we (personal pronoun), Father and Farhaan (nouns
replaced); it (personal pronoun), fresh bread (noun replaced); them (personal pronoun), friends
and colleagues (nouns replaced); I (personal pronoun), Farhaan (noun replaced); she (personal
pronoun), Farhaan’s sister (noun replaced); I (personal pronoun), Farhaan (noun replaced); her
(personal pronoun), Farhaan’s sister (noun replaced); you (personal pronoun), the reader (noun
replaced); us (personal pronoun), Farhaan and his family (nouns replaced)
C. 1. yours, mine, ours 2. theirs 3. his, hers
4. its 5. hers
Let’s crack it
A. 1. What 2. What 3. Who 4. Whose

5. What 6. whom
B. 1. this, that 2. That 3. these/those 4. this/that
5. This
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C. 1. no one/nobody 2. Everybody 3. Everything 4. something/nothing
5. anyone/anybody/no one
D. 1. that 2. who 3. which 4. that
5. whose
E. 1. I live with my family, which includes my grandparents, in a small house in Porbandar.
2. This morning I was walking in the garden, which had beautiful roses.
3. That boy, who is acting in the play, is the son of my school teacher Ms Davis.
4. This table, which has carved legs, is for sale.
5. The designer, who made your dress, is waiting for your call.
1. Yogita made the dinner herself. / Yogita burnt herself while making lunch.
2. Niharika herself decided to vacuum her room. / In her dream, Niharika saw herself
cleaning the living room.
3. The brother-and-sister duo built the snowman themselves. / The children were beside
themselves with joy on seeing the snowman.
4. Rishi and his children repaired the doghouse themselves. / Rishi and his children discussed
among themselves how to repair the doghouse.
5. Yashpal himself was rowing the boat. / Yashpal enjoyed himself while rowing.
G. 1. Neither of the four people believed Nafisa. None
2. Each of these paintings were completed in a day. All
3. You may buy either of the three books. any
4. Each of us were asked the question. Both
5. All is there to help me. No one
6. None of the two caps fit me. Neither
7. You may have any of the two desserts. either
8. All answer was correct. Neither
9. Do you want any of these two shirts? either
10.
Neither of the students in the class wanted to study. None
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. mine 2. me 3. hers 4. he 5. I 6. any

7. this 8. Which 9. that 10. yours 11. me 12. yourself
13. ourselves 14. whose 15. Either
B. 2. themselves 3. He, himself
4. this, that, yourself 5. these, me
6. me 7. What
8. whom, you/we 9. Neither, them
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10. we 11. ourselves/them/him/her
12. whose
C. 1. David knows how he is supposed to act in a situation that is not favourable. (he replaces
David; that replaces situation)
2. Maria cried aloud as she knew she had lost her way. (she replaces Maria)
3. Mohan was glad to meet his grandparents, who had just reached the city with lots of gifts
for him. (who replaces Mohan’s grandparents; him replaces Mohan)
4. The children went there to help their friend, but he was not ready to take anything from
them. (he replaces the unspecified friend; anything replaces indefinite things; them
replaces the children)
5. Sameer is not only intelligent but also diligent, and he will certainly top his class in the
final exams. (he replaces Sameer)
6. Apart from Ali’s talent, it is his strength of mind that has paved the way for his success.
(it and that replace Ali’s strength of mind)
7. Steve has some original ideas that he wants to share with friends who can advise him on
how to use them. (that replaces original ideas; he, him replace Steve; who replaces Steve’s
friends; them replaces Steve’s original ideas)
8. Chess is a game which no one can win easily. (which replaced chess; no one replaces an
indefinite person)
9. Though Saurabh could have done the work himself, he felt lazy and sought help from
others around him. (himself, he, him replace Saurabh; others replaces indefinite persons)
10. When Shalini visited the local museum, she saw a number of things which she had only
heard of or read about in storybooks. (she replaces Shalini; which replaces the things in
the museum)
11. Shaheen herself finished her homework without the help of her parents, who had gone to
meet their uncle. (herself replaces Shaheen; who replaces Shaheen’s parents)
12. Sam could not solve the sum which the teacher felt was easy to be done by anybody.
(which replaces the sum; anybody replaces any student of the class)
Composition
A. (Encourage students to write on their own. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
5. Verbs
Let’s link it
A. Communicate: shout, speak, tell, advise

Walk: stroll, meander, march, plod
Eat: consume, devour, gobble, ingest, nibble, peck
Think: concentrate, contemplate, ruminate, ponder, reflect, remember
Look: see, watch, search, explore, seek, examine
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B. 2. You / not paying attention to what I am saying. are
3. Mike and Sheela / living in Mumbai before they moved to Hyderabad. were
4. It / cold this morning. Yesterday it was quite warm. Tomorrow
might / even colder. was, be
5. The children / well behaved. are
6. I knew he / not telling me the truth. was
7. I / sweating in the heat. am/was
8. They / going to the beach on Sunday. are
9. Did you know that she / in London? is
10. You / in Madurai last year. were
C. 1. I bought this book. It cost me thirty rupees.
2. Although I had thrown the ball very high, my friend caught it expertly.
3. He crept into the house quietly because he did not want to wake anyone up.
4. We had made the mistake of speaking rudely but the teacher forgave us.
5. The player wept when the manager withdrew his name from the team.
D. 1. a) subject: Peter b) finite verb: went c) non-finite verb: to buy
2. a) subject: children b) finite verb: enjoy c) non-finite verb: swimming
3. a) subject: bees b) finite verb: collected c) non-finite verb: buzzing
4. a) subject: she b) finite verb: slept c) non-finite verb: tired
5. a) subject: we b) finite verb: saw c) non-finite verb: carrying
6. a) subject: teacher b) finite verb: looks c) non-finite verb: worried
7. a) subject: you b) finite verb: teach c) non-finite verb: to speak
8. a) subject: I b) finite verb: am c) non-finite verb: reading
E. 1. The hawker goes to the market every day to sell his wares.
2. The clown does tricks to make people laugh.
3. He did not have any money to buy food.
4. We did not play well enough to win the game.
5. It is her hobby to collect matchboxes.
6. The boy was happy to receive a prize.
1. interesting story; The interesting story narrated by the gardener helped me pass my time.
2. repaired computer; The technician delivered the repaired computer.
3. excited children; The cries of the excited children filled the classroom.
4. sleeping giant; I quietly crept past the sleeping giant.
5. locked house; She heard sobbing sounds coming from within the locked house.
6. shocking turn of events; The shocking turn of events left everyone dumbfounded.
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7. trained staff; A trained staff was hired to work on the government project.
8. surging crowd; A surging crowd moved through the gates.
G. 1. That buzzing (present participle) fly disturbed me all afternoon.
The buzzing (gerund) disturbed me all afternoon.
2. She is fond of singing (gerund).
Singing (present participle) happily to herself, she finished her chores.
3. We were stopped from climbing (gerund) to the top of the tower.
Climbing (gerund) to the top of the tower was a thrilling experience.
4. The dancing (present participle) animals entertained the crowd.
We enjoyed dancing (gerund) at the party.
5. Thinking (gerund) more on the issue, she found a practical solution.
You need to change the way you are thinking (gerund) to get better ideas.
6. For whom are you stitching (gerund) this sweater?
Stitching (gerund) a colourful stole made her win the first prize in the competition.
H. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
1. Preeti went off in a hurry to buy some cooking oil. (used as participle)
For him cooking is not only a passion but also a great stress reliever. (used as gerund)
2. The doctor prescribed sleeping pills to treat her insomnia. (used as participle)
Sleeping for a couple of hours after returning home from school is a healthy habit.
(used as gerund)
3. I never set foot in the school swimming pool in the thirteen years of my school life.
(used as participle)
Mikey looked forward to swimming his way to glory. (used as gerund)
4. Brijesh observed that one of his gardening gloves had been torn to shreds by mice.
Gardening is a back-breaking activity. (used as gerund)
5. The classroom was filled with many laughing faces. (used as participle)
I almost died laughing at the joke he cracked. (used as gerund)
6. Any thinking person would understand that what you had suggested is impractical.
I was explained the thinking behind the project. (used as gerund)
7. There was a crying need for the surgery. (used as participle)
Crying seems to be the baby’s hobby. (used as gerund)
8. He has a melodious singing voice. (used as participle)
Singing classical songs is my favourite hobby. (used as gerund)
I. 1. lay: out, down, off 2. keep: back, away, on 3. get: over, up, along
4. look: up, into, for 5. hand: in, out, over 6. turn: in, out, down
7. cut: out, off, in 8. bring: up, down, out 9. make: up, off, over
10. break: down, out, off 11. put: up, in, on 12. drop: out, off, in
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Let’s crack it
A. 1. Tina played for two hours continuously.

2. We all consider her deserving.
3. This library has a huge collection of children’s classics.
4. I found my brother sleeping in the room.
5. Deepa kept the papers in the drawer.
6. The teacher found the essay lengthy.
7. This book is the bridge between magic and reality.
8. Vinayak played with his friends in the playground.
9. The work requires a lot of hard work.
10. The policeman found him guilty.
B. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. Every team should have a captain to give directions to other players.

2. He is very strong to win the wrestling tournament this year.
3. She is competent to accomplish this task.
4. We went to Puri to visit the Jagannath Temple.
5. She has three little kids to look after.
B. 1. He is fond of writing letters. P
2. It is better to forget things that make us unhappy. I
3. It is impossible to get back a lost opportunity. I, P
4. Seeing the bright sunshine, he opened the window. G
5. I do not like people quarrelling over trivial issues. G
6. A burnt child dreads the fire. P
7. Being overpowered by a stronger opponent, he gave in. G
8. He works hard to make both ends meet. I
9. We are used to getting up early. G
10.
Working continuously throughout the day, I felt tired. G, P
C. 1. She is fond of cooking new dishes.
2. Writing short stories is her hobby.
3. Admiring good qualities in others is the sign of a true leader.
4. Hunting animals is strictly prohibited here.
5. He has stopped mixing with strangers.
D. 1. He met his friend when he got back home from a long journey.
2. She decided to take the test once more when she was encouraged by her teacher.
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3. Bhaskar’s parents were very happy when they heard the news of his success.
4. He is sure to achieve his goal because he is hard-working.
5. The child woke up when he heard a loud noise.
6. The king mounted his horse and rode off with his ministers.
7. The mother held the baby in her arms and made him sleep.
8. Grandfather watered the plants and sat in the garden to have tea.
E. 1. verb: is subject complement: head of the student council
2. verb: calls object complement: Tiya
3. verb: finished object complement: in the kitchen
4. verb: is subject complement: of no use
5. verb: found object complement: confusing
6. verb: were subject complement: sold at a discounted rate
7. verb: prepared object complement: for dinner
8. verb: were subject complement: very expensive
9. verb: found object complement: amusing
10. verb: seems subject complement: confident
F. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
Comprehension
A. 1. a) F b) F c) F
2. a) steadfast b) endurance c) spectacular d) perilous
3. Two sentences with infinitives:
a) The film unfolds to show how the intelligent and courageous dogs of the sled-team
fight to make it through a most unforgiving winter.
b) Held together only by unwavering bonds of friendship, the humans and the dogs alike
make a remarkable journey of grit, endurance, and belief to find one another again in
this spectacular but perilous land.
Two sentences with participles:
a) An approaching storm forces the team to evacuate by helicopter.
b)
Held together only by unwavering bonds of friendship, the humans and the dogs alike
make a remarkable journey of grit, endurance, and belief to find one another again in
this spectacular but perilous land.
4.
The three professions mentioned in the review are those of the cartographer, the
geologist, and the pilot. This review indicates that Jerry was both faithful (because he kept
his promise to the dogs) and fearless (because he undertook the dangerous
rescue mission).
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6. Tenses
Let’s link it
Let’s crack it
A. 1. finished 2. is increasing 3. plays 4. have paid
5. did not eat 6. are not paying 7. had not started 8. will return
9. prepared 10. reaches 11. had left 12. have been
13. will take 14. will be visiting 15. has created

B. 1. She had been exerting herself. (past perfect continuous tense)
2. We have tidied the house. (present perfect tense)
3. I was reading the newspaper this morning. (past continuous tense)
4. He had not known the consequences of his action. (past perfect tense)
5. What goes around comes around. (simple present tense)
6. Why is he working so late? (present continuous tense)
7. I had finished my work before I went to bed. (past perfect tense)
8. Has he been exercising? (present perfect continuous tense)
9. I am going to eat all the chocolates. (present continuous tense)
10. If I had known you were coming, I would have met you. (past perfect tense)
C. 1. b) I was cleaning the study room.
2. b) Yes, I went to the music class last evening.
3. a) No, I did not get time to talk to my parents.
4. a) I am feeling sad because I forgot my project diary at home.
5. b) I will call her after I come back from the park.
6. a) I found this book in the bookstore on the main road.

1. Thomas and Erica are going to get married.
2. Shriya is going to play the piano in the evening.
3. Ben is going to go fishing tomorrow.
4. Rishu is going to throw the ball at you.
5. Pearl is going to meet her friend after a long time.
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6. Simi is going to have lunch before leaving.
7. We are going to celebrate our team’s victory in the inter-school cricket tournament.
8. He is going to work in his office till midnight.
9. Ramesh is going to participate in the debate competition.
10. It is going to be difficult for any candidate to win the elections this time.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. will appear/will be appearing 2. had waited

3. have been reading 4. did (you) buy
5. is leaving/will leave 6. makes
7. plan 8. is raining/rained
9. will reach/will be reaching 10. takes
11. had been cleaning 12. will start
B. 1. grew—grow 2. go—going 3. got—getting
4. played—playing 5.
will wait—waiting 6.
will laugh—laughed
7. is said—had said 8. will jeer—jeered 9.
continues—continued
10.
likes—liked 11. knowing—knew 12. is getting—was getting
13.
giving—give 14. pack—packed 15. starting—started
C. 1. I have driven a car. (present perfect) I had been driving a car. (past perfect continuous)
I will be driving a car. (future continuous) I am going to drive a car. (using going to)
2. He has eaten a mango. (present perfect) He had been eating a mango. (past perfect
continuous) He will be eating a mango. (future continuous) He is going to eat a mango.
(using going to)
3. It has rained heavily. (present perfect) It had been raining heavily. (past perfect
continuous) It will be raining heavily. (future continuous) It is going to rain heavily.
(using going to)
4. We have played soccer. (present perfect) We had been playing soccer. (past perfect
continuous) We will be playing soccer. (future continuous) We are going to play soccer.
(using going to)
5. They have talked to each other. (present perfect) They had been talking to each other.
(past perfect continuous) They will be talking to each other. (future continuous) They are
going to talk to each other. (using going to)
6. She has read a newspaper. (present perfect) She had been reading a newspaper. (past
perfect continuous) She will be reading a newspaper. (future continuous) She is going to
read a newspaper. (using going to)
D. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
Comprehension
A. 1. Edison invented the light bulb and the phonograph, and he improved upon the telegraph.
These accomplishments made him one of world’s greatest inventors.
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2. The physical challenge that Edison faced was partial deafness.
3. Edison went to school only for five years. He was an avid reader, and reading various kinds
of books made him a creative and imaginative person.
4. As a child, Edison once saved a boy from being hit by a runaway train. As a symbol of his
gratitude, the boy’s father taught the young Edison about the wonders of the telegraph,
thus arousing his interest in the same.
5. Edison’s biography teaches us that an open and curious mind is important in attaining
knowledge and in using that knowledge for the betterment of our lives.
6. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
Let’s build words

A. FBI—initialism—Federal Bureau of Investigation
Maj. Gen.—contraction—Major General
ZIP—acronym—Zone Improvement Plan
Pres.—contraction—President
MA—initialism—Master of Arts
WWW—initialism—World Wide Web
B. 1. make 2. quick 3. fast 4. burst 5. burning
7. Adverbs
Let’s link it

1. He finished the work quickly as he had go out and play.
2. Ravi went downstairs with his friend for their music class.
3. I will take the entrance examination today.
4. My friend hardly ever calls me these days.
5. Reena is always busy cleaning her house these days.
6. When did you last meet the team?
B. 1. c) 2. e) 3. d) 4. a) 5. f) 6. b) 7. h) 8. g)
C. 1. c) She seldom used to skip food.
2. b) It is extremely hot.
3. a) He sang well yesterday.
4. b) I have often seen rainbows.
5. a) She is sure to perform brilliantly.
6. c) I always have to get up early.
7. a) I am quite sleepy tonight.
8. a) Please handle it carefully.
9. a) They live somewhere in Mumbai.
10. b) She is quick enough to escape.
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1. The management reviews its employees’ performance half-yearly. (used as adverb)
The half-yearly report of the company’s performance is quite bleak. (used as adjective)
2. That road leads straight up to my house. (used as adverb)
He drew a straight line on the blackboard. (used as adjective)
3. Shalini couldn’t decide which dress she liked best. (used as adverb)
That is the best poem I have ever read. (used as adjective)
4. Quick! Come over here. (used as adverb)
His quick thinking saved the day. (used as adjective)
5. Tina came late for the class. (used as adverb)
Rashi had a late lunch. (used as adjective)
6. What do you enjoy most? (used as adverb)
This is the most boring film I have ever watched. (used as adjective)
Let’s crack it

1. Satish baked the cake well this time.
Satish bakes cakes better than the other chefs.
Satish bakes cakes best when he has had a good night’s sleep.
2. Chirayu is looking on cheerfully from the pool.
It seems Chirayu smiles more cheerfully in water than he does on land.
Doesn’t Chirayu sing most cheerfully after spending time in the pool?
3. Hari is walking fast towards the departing ice-candy man.
Walking faster than his friends, Hari left them all behind.
Hari walks fastest when he is hungry and wants to get home quickly.
4. Piyush tried hard but he could not reach the jar of cookies.
Piyush tried harder than before, yet he was unsuccessful in reaching the jar of cookies.
Piyush was unable to get hold of the jar of cookies even though he tried hardest the
third time.
5. Giri had to travel far to get the pail of water.
Giri had to carry the pail of water farther than he had expected.
Giri had to carry the pail of water to his house, which was furthest from the well.
B. 1. She sat quietly.
2. I went there.
3. I was born here.
4. He ate ravenously.
5. We have examinations annually.
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6. I will come and visit you soon.
7. The man glared at me angrily.
8. Formerly armies camped in the fort.
9. The quantity of food was enough for all of us.
10. He answered the question rudely.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. I’ll soon go to bed.

2. He refused the offer politely.
3. She reads best in the class.
4. I usually do my laundry on Saturdays.
5. My music teacher plays the guitar well.
6. Unfortunately, I cannot help you.
7. My friend is never at home these days.
8. I often see birds nesting in this tree.
9. We always go for a walk in the evening.
10. The friends ran together to the end of the street.
11. I completely disagreed at the meeting with that proposal.
12. I missed the train just as I reached the station.
B. 1. Has the teacher already come?
2. I bought only one dress.
3. She has never gone to Udaipur.
4. Did you always want to be a doctor?
5. We seldom listen to radio these days.
6. You are quite late for the class today.
7. There is certainly some issue with this machine.
8. I occasionally meet my school friends.
9. Priya is still waiting for a reply to her message.
10. He had almost reached home when he realized he bought the wrong packet.
C. 1. Our school is not far away. (away: adverb of place, modifies the adjective ‘far’)
2. She is feeling better now. (better: adverb of manner, modifies the verb ‘feeling’; now:
adverb of time, modifies the adverb ‘better’)
3. He speaks very loudly. (very: adverb of degree, modifies the adverb ‘loudly’; loudly: adverb
of manner, modifies the verb ‘speaks’)
4. His talent is genuinely suited for creative writing. (genuinely: adverb of manner, modifies
the adjective ‘suited’)
5. Do you get up early in the morning? (early: adverb of time, modifies the phrasal verb
‘get up’)
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6. The conflict was resolved peacefully. (peacefully: adverb of manner, modifies the
verb ‘resolved’)
7. She reacted angrily to her friend’s joke. (angrily: adverb of manner, modifies the
verb ‘reacted’)
8. The weather is pleasantly calm today. (pleasantly: adverb of manner, modifies the
adjective ‘calm’; today: adverb of time, modifies the adjective ‘calm’)
9. We hope he will get well soon. (well: adverb of manner, modifies the verb ‘get’; soon:
adverb of time, modifies the adverb ‘well’)
10. Run fast lest you should lose the race. (fast: adverb of manner, modifies the verb ‘run’)
11. He is extremely fond of playing chess. (extremely: adverb of degree, modifies the
adjective ‘fond’)
12. We should face the challenges of life boldly and with confidence. (boldly: adverb of
manner, modifies the verb ‘face’)
13. A grand cultural festival is held at our school annually. (annually: adverb of time, modifies
the verb ‘held’)
14. Slowly but steadily, Divakar distinguished himself as a great talent. (slowly, steadily:
adverbs of manner, modify the verb ‘distinguished’)
15. Mr Bhargava is arguably the best teacher of our school. (arguably: adverb of manner,
modifies the adjective ‘best’)
Composition
8. Prepositions
Let’s link it
A. (Suitable answers should be accepted. The suggested answer is given below.)

Shops are located along the pavement. The grocery shop is located beside the coffee shop.
A boy is buying vegetables from the grocery shop. The grocery shop’s signboard is hanging
above the grocer’s head. A banana stem is hanging from the signboard. The man selling ice
creams is standing behind the counter. He has a cap on his head. The woman is holding
three bags in her hands. There are vegetables in one of them. The word ‘shoes’ is printed on
another. She has a necklace around her neck. She is looking at her son standing in front of the
ice-cream shop. The man and his daughter are moving towards the ice-cream shop. The boy
standing behind the man is wearing a red T-shirt.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. at 2. on 3. in 4. at 5. on
6. in 7. on 8. on 9. on 10.
at
11. in 12. on 13. in 14. in 15. at
B. Tom the puppy ran after his old foe Tinkle the cat. She scurried across the bridge, moving
up the slope and then down the hill, but he was right behind her. Running and running, she
splashed into the puddle and moved through the forest like a bolt of lightning. She stopped
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to gather her breath, and when she turned around, she saw the familiar sight of good old
Tom scampering after her. With renewed energy, Tinkle ran through the tunnel, past the post
office, and towards the flyover. Tom was getting nearer and nearer as she went under the
flyover. Then with a last burst of energy, she dashed along the riverbank and towards home,
leaving Tom far behind. He lolled his tongue to catch his breath and stared disappointedly
at her.
D. 1. of 2. of 3. by 4. of 5. for
6. with 7. by 8. with 9. by 10. by
E. 1. beyond; understanding (object) 2. With; faults (object)
3. by; watch (object) 4. for; humanity (object)
5. from; negligence (object) 6. under; strain (object)
7. against; wall (object) 8. to/with; that (object)
9. at; people (object) 10. of; incident (object)
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. for 2. in 3. to 4. on 5. with
6. towards 7. of 8. by 9. with 10.
to
11. with 12. to 13. at 14. at, in 15. of
B. The day we moved was a day / sad and happy memories. 1. of
Everything was packed / boxes, and the van was almost ready 2. in
when my friend Gita came / say goodbye. 3. to
My family was moving to Jabalpur / Madhya Pradesh. 4. in
We were going / train. 5. by
When we boarded, I ran / the compartment. 6. towards
I was quick / take the window seat. 7. to
I was interested / watching 8. in
the scenery / the window. 9. outside
The journey was filled / adventure. 10. with
C. 1. The bank charges an interest rate of four per cent.
2. We were so thirsty that we went straight to the soda fountain.
3. I am taller than you by two inches.
4. The boy with red hair is new in school.
5. Great people set their eyes on great goals.
6. With all his wealth, he is not content.
7. I was stunned by a blow to my head.
8. Cut the rope with a knife.
9. It is cold in February.
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10. For your own good, you must eat lots of salad.
11. The beautiful painting was sold at an auction.
12. This is the very place for a picnic.
13. We should not dream of things that we can never get.
14. In the race, he soon went ahead of the others.
15. Some people are endowed with the gift of practical wisdom.
Composition

Hi, I am Warren. It is 8 am on a Saturday morning, and I am standing inside Donn’s Gym. It
overlooks the streets of town Q, which as usual show a lot of activity. As I am done with
lifting weights, I am taking a break for one of my favourite activities—observing life in motion.
This gym is located right above a clothing store; its name I am forgetting (although I pass it
regularly on my way up). A man and a woman standing right in front of the store are hailing
a taxi passing by. Right across the street a speeding cyclist crashed into a man, causing the
paper that he was holding to fly in the air, and is now speeding away without so much as
looking back. The man is cursing and shaking his fists at the cyclist’s retreating back. At an
intersection, a man is running after a bus, whose driver, it seems, has no intention of stopping
the vehicle. Joey and his ice creams are functioning as usual on the pavement across the
road. A little girl is deciding which ice cream to buy. Well, she is not alone. Seeing the ice-
cream man, a boy walking along the pavement has stopped, probably wondering if he too
should buy one. A man wearing a hat is walking past George’s Restaurant. A woman is walking
in the opposite direction. Wait a minute! I completely forgot! I had to meet Natasha at the
restaurant. Got to go!
Revision worksheet 1
A. 1. In the history of Britain, the period from 1837 to 1901 is known as the Victorian Age.
2. Queen Victoria was the monarch of England in the Victorian Age.
3. Dickens became the most popular novelist of this period because of his depiction of
the life of the working class, intricate plots, and sense of humour, and the vast galaxy of
unusual characters created by him.
4. Dickens’ characters were drawn from everyday life and the world around him, which made
the readers able to relate to them.
5. Dickens’ characters were the products of the world of his time. His readers could identify
them as such. Dickens’ art lay in the fact that his characters spoke directly to his readers
as flesh-and-blood individuals they would meet in their day-to-day lives. Thus, as John
Forster said, Dickens made his characters believable not by speaking about them but by
allowing them to speak for themselves.
B. 1. parliament 2. swarm/hive 3. pride 4. colony
5. shoal 6. band
C. 1. pleasure 2. hatred 3. excellence 4. patriotism
5. humility
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D. Verbs Nouns Adjectives
1. establish establishment established
2. laugh laughter laughable
3. speak speaker spoken
4. know knowledge known/knowledgeable
5. solve solution solved
6. see sight sighted
E. 1. rich 2. foolish 3. generous 4. lucky

5. dishonest 6. careless 7. wise 8. intelligent
F. 1. was 2. are 3. is 4. are 5. is
6. are 7. are 8. are 9. are 10. is
G. 1. mine 2. my
3. one’s 4. its
5. hers 6. mine/hers/his/ours/yours/theirs
7. your 8. mine/ours/hers/his/theirs
H. 1. across 2. along 3. with 4. for 5. over
I. 1. Wasn’t it good of him to help the poor man?
2. How foolish of him to throw away his chances like that!
3. Wasn’t it clever of him to solve the problem so quickly?
4. How kind of you to invite us!
5. Wasn’t it brazen of him to behave like that?
9. Auxiliary verbs
Let’s link it
A. 1. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)

a) Daily cleaning of public places could be done.
b) Dustbins might be kept at all public places.
c) We can use public transport or carpooling, and reduce air pollution.
d) Tree plantation could be encouraged for its countless benefits.
e) We can maintain hygiene both inside and outside our home.
a) We must turn off the tap while brushing our teeth.
b) We must check faucets and pipes regularly for leaks.
c) We must use a bucket while taking shower.
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d) We must take shorter showers to save water.
e) Clean your car or the garden area with bucket water.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. is 2. had 3. was 4. Did 5. is/was

6. have 7. Are 8. didn’t 9. am 10.
does
11. has 12. were 13. does/doesn’t 14. has 15. Have
B. 1. main verb 2. auxiliary verb 3. auxiliary verb 4. main verb
5. auxiliary verb 6. main verb 7. auxiliary verb 8. main verb
9. main verb 10. auxiliary verb
C. 1. can 2. shall 3. Can 4. ought to 5. could
6. must 7. shall 8. might 9. could 10. should
11. need 12. May 13. Could 14. Shall 15. could
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. has, left 2. have known 3. Have, read

4. haven’t seen 5. have already eaten 6. had done
7. had, bought 8. have done 9. have seen
10. had already started 11. has changed 12. has been
B. 1. I don’t think I will be able to go.
2. You must be punctual.
3. Can/Shall I help you?
4. I was afraid that if I asked him, he might refuse.
5. I need to win this game to stay in the match.
6. You ought to return your loan.
7. You mustn’t speed up as the brake is not working.
8. He may come tomorrow, though I am not sure.
9. Could you please lend me your bicycle for a day?
10. He was so careless that he could have been run over by a car.
11. We must develop the habit of getting up early.
12.
Would you like to have a cup of tea with me?
C. 1. g) necessity 2. h) ability 3. i) certainty 4. f) request
5. e) instruction 6. d) wish 7. j) offer 8. b) obligation
9. c) possibility 10. a) permission
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Composition

Today was my first day in C Fresh, the departmental store. My supervisor gave me a set of
instructions that I need to keep in mind at all times. The first and foremost is that I must be
polite with customers. She said that I must be punctual and should try to work late, and even
offer to do extra work. I must take care not to lose the cashbox key entrusted to me. Another
rule is that I must dress neatly to work. I must also be responsible, and ought to show an
active interest in both the customers’ requirements and the daily activities of the store. She
instructed me that I shouldn’t appear disinterested as that would reflect negatively not only
on the store’s reputation but also on my own future prospects. Last but not the least, she told
me that I should always help my co-workers as that would contribute to a good and healthy
work environment.
10. Punctuation
Let’s link it
A. 1. Mr and Mrs Anand are leaving for London tomorrow.

2. Have you seen the film Gone with the Wind?
3. I am going to meet my friend James on Wednesday, who is visiting New Delhi after
five years.
4. How are you planning to celebrate Christmas this year, Ted?
5. Hard Times by Charles Dickens is unusual in several respects.
6. Khushbu, who got a job in Kanpur, is planning to live with her aunt George.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. Mr and Mrs Smith were not invited to the party; they were not even informed about it.
2. How could you even think that he’d have committed such a cruel act?
3. I can’t make a promise and then go back on it, can I?
4. How very silly Mark’s friend is!
5. It’s a pity that Nick just heard some news that he didn’t expect to hear.
6. Mr Martin’s office is on St Matthews square.
7. This is all that we have at home: some potatoes, half a loaf of bread, two eggs, a little
cheese, and one cup of milk.
8. Although all the other girls had gone home, Laura stayed on to practise her part for
the play.
9. What’s the difference between the two sets of questions?
10. I love playing badminton; so does my friend Harry.
11. The rain stopped; we set out on our long and arduous journey.
12. Chris’ father owns a factory which manufactures children’s toys.
13. My friend Susan, who is also called Suzy, is a good dancer, a great singer, an expert
athlete; in short an allrounder.
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14. My grandmother always said: there’s no substitute for good behaviour.
15. Here are some things that you will need up there: a candle, a long rope, some nails, and
a hammer.
B. 2. 5. 8. 9. are incorrectly punctuated.
C. ‘Good morning,’ said the man. ‘Can you direct me to St Marks school?’
‘Good morning,’ replied Adam. ‘I am afraid I can’t help you. I am new in this town. Why don’t
you enquire at the post office?’
‘That’s a good idea,’ said the man. ‘Where is the post office?’
‘Go down the street, turn right at the bookstore, and the post office will be on your left.’
‘Thank you,’ said the man. ‘You’ve certainly been very helpful.’
Let’s perfect it
A. (The correct sentences are given below.)

1. What a fool you are!
2. May I go to the playground?
3. I wish I were a bird!
4. Had he been there, he would have handled the situation.
5. It’s wrong to make such an emotional statement.
6. I have brought these things from the market: cheese, bread, butter, milk, and eggs.
B. 1. ‘Ouch!’ yelled John.
2. The dog growled at us.
3. Oh! Hope you get well soon.
4. Did the extra classes help?
5. ‘I don’t feel too well,’ thought Samuel.
6. ‘I want that toy!’ shouted Iti.
7. ‘Thank you,’ they said to the lady.
8. ‘I think that is funny,’ laughed Freda.
9. ‘Where are you going?’ asked Stephen.
10. ‘You have so many books,’ said his friend, ‘may I borrow one?’
11. Grandfather, Grandmother, and I go for a walk every evening.
12. ‘Good bye,’ he said as he walked down the street. ‘I’ll see you tomorrow.’
‘Yes,’ I replied, ‘let’s meet for lunch.’
D. 1. What a pity!
2. It’s a hot and humid day.
3. Dear friends, let us stand together in times of crisis.
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4. How long have you been waiting for her, Steve?
5. My friend has travelled to Europe, America, and Australia.
6. To make the best use of your talent, you have to plan things properly.
7. As a brilliant student, you must perform better than most of your classmates.
8. He succeeded with the help of his friend; however, after his success, he forgot him.
9. What a talent she is! No doubt she deserved the first prize, and she has won that.
10. They stayed there for too long, but it was evident that they had nothing
important to do.
11. Do you know him? Have you ever seen him or met him before? Try to remember, it
is important.
12. We thanked our hosts for the warm welcome we were accorded. Then, after spending
some good time in their company, we left.
13. History is not just the biography of great people, it is also the record of what common
masses did during different ages, what they felt and thought, and how they reacted to the
dominant spirit of their times.
14. A public speaker may not get a nice, supportive, and encouraging audience. Sometimes
he may be praised for his words with loud cheers, but on some other occasions he may
also be booed and hooted. Whatever be the case, he should never get irritated but
remain calm.
15. Sometimes people fail to understand each other even after living together for long. One
reason for this may be that they are not flexible enough to accept each other’s limitations
positively, another reason may be their inability to rise above their petty differences.
Composition

1. ‘Hi,’ said the boy. ‘My name is Karan.’
‘Hey, I am Rajat. Is this your first day in school?’
‘Yes,’ replied Karan. ‘Could you help me with the notes for all the classes that I have
missed so far?’
‘Sure,’ answered Rajat. ‘I will be happy to do that. Anyway, you have missed only a week’s
classes, nothing substantial.’
2. ‘How may I assist you?’ inquired the woman at the Lost and Found Centre of the animal-
rescue station.
The man replied, ‘Hello. My name is Rajiv. I have come to report the loss of my
pet dog, Shadow.’
‘Could you give me a brief description of Shadow?’ asked the woman.
‘Sure,’ replied Rajiv. ‘He is a large, yellow male Labrador, aged about two-and-a-half years.
He is tall and muscular, and quite friendly and energetic. He is neutered. He has a black
collar and tags.’
‘When did you lose him?’
‘The last that I saw of him was at home, four days back, in the evening.’
‘Has he disappeared like this before?’
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‘About two months back, something similar happened. However, he returned after
a day itself’.
‘Sir, we’ll be on a lookout for Shadow,’ assured the woman. ‘Please enter your contact
details on this form, and we will get in touch with you.’
‘All right,’ said Rajiv.
‘Meanwhile, keep enquiring in and around your neighbourhood and places where you
used to take him,’ advised the woman.
3. ‘Brilliant!’ exclaimed Rohan while coming out of the theatre, ‘I never thought it would turn
out like that.’
‘That’s true,’ said Ajit. ‘The director succeeded in befooling us.’
‘She used the element of surprise exceedingly well throughout the film.’
‘The editing was perfect, and I did not feel, even for a single minute, that the film’s pace
had slackened.’
‘I guess that was money well spent,’ said Rohan.
‘You are right, cent per cent,’ admitted Ajit.
11. Conjunctions
Let’s link it
A. Across: 3. Although 5. When 6. While 7. Since

Down: 1. but 2. for 3. and 4. however
Let’s crack it
A. 2. Most people prefer to live in fast-paced cities, but I prefer to live in a village.
3. Both Mike and Henry took part in the contest. (Not only ... but also/as well as may also
be used.)
4. Mr Thomas is not only a voracious reader but also a prolific writer. (Both ... and/as well as
may also be used.)
5. He exercises regularly so that he remains fit.
6. I read for pleasure while my brother reads for knowledge.
7. Mr Hill decided to venture out although it was raining heavily.
8. Sheela is neither to be blamed nor held responsible.
9. Either Bill or his father may go to the airport.
10. The boy as well as the girl is sleeping. (Both ... and/not only ... but also may also be used.)
11. He spoke his mind as soon as he got a chance to speak.
12. I don’t trust him because he always tells a lie.
13. I want to go to Mount Abu in the summer vacation, but my brother wants to go to Goa.
14. You can wear the green dress or the black dress you wore last month.
15. Polar bears and grizzly bears are fierce, territorial animals.
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2. I wanted a red cap, but my father got me a blue one.
3. I am poor at chess but good at playing cricket.
4. She wants to go for the concert, but the tickets have been sold out.
5. The English classes are interesting, but the maths classes are dull.
6. The trigonometry problem was challenging, but Riddhi found it to be simple.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. Please stay here until I come back. (subordinating conjunction)

2. He will soon be an excellent swimmer if he keeps practising. (subordinating conjunction)
3. Devesh is more intelligent than Sudhir. (subordinating conjunction)
4. We had reached there before you left. (subordinating conjunction)
5. He will work on his dream project without caring whether or not the school will sponsor it.
(subordinating conjunction)
6. He could not go out to play with his friends because he was down with fever.
7. As she keeps working and familiarizing herself with the appliances around her, she
displays a great aptitude for science. (subordinating conjunction)
8. Andy is honest, but he knows very few people are like him. (coordinating conjunction)
9. Work hard lest you should fail in the examination. (subordinating conjunction)
10. He felt sorry after the teacher had scolded him. (subordinating conjunction)
11. His grandfather had passed away just before he was born. (subordinating conjunction)
12. It is a small house, yet it is quite spacious. (coordinating conjunction)
13. Although he is a sports enthusiast, he never compromises on his studies.
14. We should work together so that we may complete the task in hand.
15. He enjoys school much more since he is studying the subjects of his choice.
B. Ever since Jenny heard the lecture on environment, she has been feeling guilty. She felt guilty
because she thought that she was not doing enough for the environment. She decided to
discuss with her friend Maria and chalk out a plan of action. She knew that until someone
took the initiative nothing would work out.
Both Jenny and Maria decided to start with water conservation although they did not have
much problem with water in their area. They planned to save water not only while bathing but
also while washing or watering plants. They agreed to ensure that all extra electrical points
were switched off at night so that electricity was not wasted. Jenny also knew that neither
lectures nor workshops would be of any help unless everyone realized the importance of
growing trees and disposing of rubbish intelligently.
C. 1. He will not pay for the show unless compelled.
2. I started going for work after I recovered from my illness.
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3. I spoke to his wife since he was not at home.
4. Please ask me if you have doubts about the incident.
5. Though we invited the author for the literary festival, she declined as she was not free.
6. I like reading, playing chess, and painting while my sister doesn’t.
D. Tani / Farah are twin sisters. 1. and
Tani is tall / Farah is short. 2. while
Tani is / the badminton champ of her school 3. not only
/ the star player of the basketball team. 4. but also
/ Farah plays games, she is more interested in being on the stage. 5. Although
/ you see her performing, you will realize why she is known as
‘the heroine’. 6. When
/ Tani / Farah are careful not to neglect their studies. 7. Both … and
They complete their studies early / they may have time for their practice. 8. so that
Comprehension
A. 1. Sameer is good at cricket, badminton, swimming, and skating.

2. Rohan is not good at football, cricket, basketball, badminton, and skating.
3. Manas is good at football, basketball, badminton, tennis, and skating.
4. Dora can’t play football and badminton.
5. Erica is good at all games except cricket and tennis.
6. Hina is good at both basketball and swimming.
7. Subbu is not only good at cricket but also at skating.
8. Both Joanna and Milind are neither good at football nor cricket.
Let’s build words

1. admire 2. considerable 3. commonplace 4. goal
5. mistake 6. Bettering 7. generous 8. elegant
9. probably 10. promising
B. 1. b) 2. c) 3. a) 4. a) 5. b)
C. 1. extrovert 2. hinder 3. determine
4. hurry 5. confident 6. impair
D. 1. When did they come back last night?
2. How did he reach Manali?
3. Who is the elder brother of Vivek?
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4. Who is cooking food for you?
5. Why did he go to Mumbai?
6. How long will you stay there?
7. How is she feeling now?
8. Why did David fail?
9. When will you eat dinner?
10. Which city do you like most?
11. Who is mopping the floor?
12. What do you want to do?
13. When will you return?
14. How did your parents react when they heard about your success?
15. Who was the first European traveller to reach Asia during the medieval period?
12. Reported speech

Let’s link it
A. Direct speech Indirect speech Changes
‘I study French,’ she She said that she 1) Removal of inverted commas
said. studied French. 2) Use of that
3) Use of she instead of I
4) Use of studied instead of study
‘I went for a walk,’ Mr Henry said that 1) Removal of inverted commas

said Mr Henry. he had gone for 2) Use of that
a walk. 3) Use of he instead of I
4) Use of had gone instead of went
‘I have read the She said that she 1) Removal of inverted commas
story,’ she said. had read the story. 2) Use of that
3) Use of she instead of I
4) Use of had instead of have
‘We are playing He told the coach 1) Removal of inverted commas

football,’ he said to that they were 2) Use of that
the coach. playing football. 3) Use of told instead of said to
4) Use of they instead of we
5) Use of were playing instead of are playing
‘This is your book,’ He told me that that 1) Removal of inverted commas

he said to me. was my book. 2) use of that
2) Use of told instead of said to
3) Use of that instead of this
4) Use of my instead of your
5) Use of was instead of is
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‘Will he go to my Mary asked her 1) Removal of inverted commas
house?’ said Mary to mother if he would 2) Use of that
her mother. go to her house. 2) Removal of question mark
3) Use of if
4) Use of asked instead of said to
5) Use of would instead of will
6) Use of her instead of my
B. 1. Grandmother said that Grandfather was going to the market.

2. Grandfather said that Peter would go to the post office.
3. Harbhajan said that the students had gone on a picnic.
4. The teacher told her students that it is healthy to wake up early.
5. The librarian said that the books had just arrived.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. Grandmother said that she was tired.

2. The children said that they were hungry.
3. The teacher told the students that they had been very helpful.
4. Avinash asked his friend if they were meeting that day.
5. Seema requested Reva to lend her her pen for some time.
6. The children said that they had won the match.
7. Mr Sen instructed his pupils to locate the Western Ghats on the physical map of India.
8. Karim asked his friend if he knew the man they were talking about.
B. 1. denied 2. complained 3. assured 4. suggested
5. wished 6. remarked
C. 2. She asked her brother if he would meet her the following week.
3. The teacher announced that he was going there the following day.
4. They declared that they were playing a football match that day.
5. The guests complimented me for the lovely performance I had given that evening.
6. Mohit suggested he and his friend should promise that they would always
help each other.
7. Her father appreciated the way she was able to handle those tricky situations.
8. Rekha enquired her colleague if he was going to take part in the musical concert that
would be held the following day.
9. Mr Sehgal asked the spectators if there was anyone who could challenge that man in the
boxing ring.
10. The father warned his son not to tamper with electric gadgets unless he knew how they
were operated.
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11. Mohan assured Julie asking her to trust him and take his words as a piece of advice from
a well-wisher.
12. He exclaimed to his friends that he had never expected such a warm welcome.
D. 1. Sarita enquired Meera if she could do her a small favour.
2. The teacher asked his students if they knew how our planet had come into existence.
3. I enquired my friend if they were coming to the party that night.
4. The old man asked how long I had been waiting for the bus.
5. The policeman requested the people to tell him more about the incident so that they
could investigate it properly.
6. The speaker asked the people sitting around him if they would listen to him
without interrupting.
7. The mother instructed her young son not to drink cold water.
8. Prabha asked Aruna whether she knew her friend Rajeev.
9. Her host told her not to hesitate to call him if she needed anything.
10. Ritvik asked Ravi when he was going to join their team.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. My sister ordered me to go there.

2. The doctor advised the patient to exercise regularly.
3. The child requested his mother to allow him to play for one more hour.
4. The electrician warned the man not to use the switch because the wire was loose.
5. Riya suggested that we should go out for dinner.
6. Gaurav offered the teacher to take him to the medical room.
7. My mother reminded my father to pay the electricity bill that day.
8. The man asked me the way to the market.
9. My uncle promised me to take me to the zoo that weekend.
10. The teacher instructed the students to do their work silently.
B. 2. The lady apologized for breaking the queue.
3. The courtiers wished that their great king might live long.
4. The merchant lamented that he was ruined.
5. The police questioned us about who we thought had broken the lock.
6. The travel agent informed that the flight was delayed by half an hour.
7. His friend questioned how she could be so unkind to her own sisters.
8. Sunil’s father chided him, telling him to stop making an unnecessary fuss over trifles.
9. The teacher taught that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
10. Shikha’s sister asked her why she did not ask her for help when she needed it.
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C. 2. ‘Open the window,’ said the teacher to the boy.
3. ‘Please let me borrow your book,’ said Timothy to Amina.
4. ‘Do not touch the oven,’ said the mother to her daughter. ‘It is hot!’
5. ‘Your father is waiting for you at home,’ said Sheeba to me.
6. ‘May the king live long!’ he said.
7. ‘Will you attend my/your niece’s wedding?’ she said to her friend.
8. ‘Are you familiar with this place?’ he said to Jaya.
9. ‘Did anyone enter my room in my absence?’ said Prabha.
10. ‘Take a close look at the situation before taking any decision,’ Sajal said to Bhanu.
Composition
A. (Suitable answers should be accepted. The suggested answers is given below.)

Dear Manisha,
Yesterday, I met Mr Richard, the estate agent for Woodstock Greens.
He told me that as soon as I would walk into the apartment I would love its spacious interiors,
and added that greenery was the key design aspect surrounding the apartment building.
He remarked that the property promised to offer a lifestyle defined by beauty, space, and
security, and assured that it would be a perfect home for me and my family. He pointed out
that the apartment had an ideal location near the metro station, with an easy access to the
main highway. He informed that the apartments were well designed and complete, and listed
the following additional features: two lifts per block with two flats per floor, 100% power
back up, 24-hours running water, sports complex with gym, swimming pool, and tennis court.
The property seems quite attractive and fits our budget, but I am not able to decide what to
do. Please advise.
Warm regards,
Pam
13. Phrases and clauses

Let’s link it
B. 1. I like travelling to new places. (noun phrase)
2. The book has a cover made of leather. (adjective phrase)
3. He does his homework every evening. (adverb phrase)
4. In a little while, the sun will set. (adverb phrase)
5. The lady in a white sari called out to me. (adjective phrase)
6. Grandmother promised to visit us. (noun phrase)
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Let’s crack it
A. 1. We must leave as soon as the rain stops. (time)

2. Although it is small, the house is well designed. (concession)
3. Wherever there is a will, there is a way. (place)
4. I didn’t go for the dinner because I was tired. (cause)
5. If you don’t join us, you will miss all the fun. (condition)
6. She behaved as if she knew everything. (manner)
7. We must reach the theatre before the show starts. (time)
8. He worked hard so that he could finish the work on time. (purpose)
9. Though he can be annoying at times, but I like him. (concession)
10. Since she has left for the day, she will finish the work tomorrow. (reason)
B. 1. adjective clause 2. noun clause 3. noun clause
4. adverb clause 5. noun clause 6. adjective clause
7. adjective clause 8. adverb clause 9. adjective clause
10. adverb clause
2. Paris is a place which is frequented by my cousin.
3. Tom has a brother who works in the police department.
4. He lives in a house that is almost sixty years old.
5. This is the man who made that painting.
6. Is that the boy who won the spelling-bee competition?
7. I can see a room which has so many people sitting in it.
8. Do you plan to go the place which will have the maximum stalls?
D. 1. My brother who lives in Delhi came to visit me. (defining relative clause)
2. My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month. (non-defining
relative clause)
3. I have an old car that won’t start. (defining relative clause)
4. My old car, which won’t start, occupies all the space in my garage. (non-defining relative
clause)
5. The film, starring Javed Khan, opens this week. (non-defining relative clause)
6. The film that stars Javed Khan opens this week. (defining relative clause)
E. 1. If you hadn’t insisted me to pursue, I wouldn’t have achieved this. (third conditional)
2. If the water reaches at 100 degrees, it boils. (zero conditional)
3. I will speak to her about you if she comes to school today. (first conditional)
4. If I were a baby, I would sleep all the time. (second conditional)
5. I will punish you if you shout like that. (first conditional)
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6. If I had enough toys, I would play games all the time. (second conditional)
7. If you mix hydrogen and oxygen, you get water. (zero conditional)
8. If the train gets delayed, she will get late for the conference. (first conditional)
9. If I had a lot of money, I would give a lot to charity. (second conditional)
10. If you had followed the traffic rules, you would not have paid the
fine. (third conditional)
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. The bird sitting on the tree is yellow. (defining)

2. His mother, who is my aunt, was sick. (non-defining)
3. The pot full of water fell from his hands. (defining)
4. The man in blue trousers helped me. (defining)
5. Ravi, whose dog was killed, is crying. (non-defining)
6. None of us knew why he was so upset. (defining)
7. My friend, who lives in Canada, is visiting India. (non-defining)
8. Every society respects people who are wise and knowledgeable. (defining)
1. I think that you are lying.
2. He told me how he rescued the little girl from the crocodile.
3. Please show me what you have done until now.
4. Do you know where he has gone?
5. It is certain that she is not going to return.
6. Have you heard that the Awasthis are moving out of the building?
7. He knows where they are hiding.
8. What he is doing these days is something many of us don’t know.
1. If you play outside in the sun for too long, you will be ill.
2. Take a lamp because it will be dark outside.
3. Did they finish in the correct manner?
4. Nobody likes him because he speaks in a rude manner.
5. She sings exactly like her mother used to sing.
6. Maths is less difficult because I have been practising regularly.
7. His son was born the day the country attained its independence.
8. The price is too high, yet I am willing to buy it.
9. I keep my things in a neat manner.
10. I refuse to believe you even though you have narrated a plausible story.
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1. My sister likes the skirt which has blue frills.
2. My father has an uncle who lives in New York.
3. I like the food which is served in this hotel.
4. Do you want the book that I was reading?
5. Do you know my brother who lives in Pune?
6. Last night, I watched an interesting film which has won several awards.
7. It is impossible to ignore people who are so talented.
8. The place where I live is the same place where she lives.
E. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
1. An optician is one who makes glasses that correct eye defects.
2. The school that I went to has a long history of academic and sporting excellence.
3. The monument which was built in the memory of Mumtaz Mahal is located in Agra.
4. Mr Robins has brought home a thing that vaguely looks like a baby dinosaur.
5. He is the man who started the revolution.
6. This is the place that was once inhabited by elves.
7. Does she know that I will be visiting her in the evening?
8. It was his idea that ultimately resulted in the invention.
9. An archaeologist is one who studies the past.
10. Did you try to find out that which he was hinting at?
1. My sister, who recently got married, will visit me next month.
2. This book, whose author was a well-known philanthropist, is interesting.
3. The film, which is a commentary on the political system of our country, won an award.
4. The flamingos, which are large wading birds, are at the lake.
5. This game, which I am playing for the first time, is fun.
6. He, about whom everyone has good things to say, is a talented fellow.
7. I am conversing with my friends, who are visiting me after a long time.
8. Nothing pays more than hard work, which is the motto of my life.
9. I love to see peacocks, which have a crested head and a large fanlike spotted tail.
10. Edmund Hillary, who was a New Zealander, was a famous mountaineer.
G. 1. We will reach the finals if we win this match.
2. If I go out today, I will bring pens for Ruhaan.
3. I would bake cakes if I knew how to prepare the batter.
4. If you had been here, you would have enjoyed yourself.
5. If I am late for class the teacher gets angry.
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Comprehension
A. 1. An archaeologist is a person who studies prehistoric people and their culture.

2. Laboratory analysis of the shoe leather have dated it somewhere between 3653 and 3627
BC, thus making it about 300 years older than the leather shoe found in the Austrian Alps,
which had been the oldest known leather shoe until the recently discovered one.
3. The oldest known leather shoe belonged to the Iceman, a prehistoric mummy found 19
years ago in the Austrian Alps. His shoes, about 300 years younger than the Armenian
shoe, had bearskin soles, deerskin panels, tree bark netting, and a sock of grass.
4. (Suitable answers should be accepted. The suggested answer is given below.)
Footprint of time
A huge cave in Armenia has yielded, among other things, a 5,500-year-old leather shoe
that experts say would reveal unprecedented information regarding the copper age. Dated
between 3653 and 3627 BC, the shoe is made of cowhide and tanned with oil from some
plant or vegetable. Its leather laces crisscross through numerous leather eyelets and it
was worn on the right foot. Until the discovery of the Armenian shoe, the oldest known
leather shoe had been the one that was discovered in the Austrian Alps. The former
predates the latter by about 300 years.
14. More sentences

Let’s link it
A. 1. main clause: I love playing outdoor games.

2. main clauses: You can come today, you can come tomorrow; conjunction: or
3. main clause: The film has won many awards; subordinate clause: which you were talking
about; conjunction: which
4. main clause: Tara didn’t attend the session; conjunction: because; subordinate clause:
because she had to go somewhere else
5. main clause: The truck broke down near the school at the crossroads.
1. I was not feeling well so I cancelled the plan.
2. My bother sings and he dances very well.
3. I had finished lunch yet I was hungry.
4. I did not make it to the film so I joined my friends for dinner.
5. Reeta likes coffee but Rahim likes tea.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. 3 2
5 3.
3 4.
5 5.
3
B. 1. and, but
2. that, when, since
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C. 1. I plan to shop this weekend. (simple sentence)
2. The car swerved because the driver lost control. (complex sentence)
3. I was feeling cold so I had a cup of hot coffee. (compound sentence)
4. We went for the picnic after the rain stopped. (complex sentence)
5. She worked very hard yet she didn’t clear the entrance exam. (compound sentence)
6. When I return from the business trip, I will come to meet you. (complex sentence)
7. I use the pen that my grandfather had got from Europe. (complex sentence)
8. When he heard the news of his grandfather’s illness, he left for his village.
(complex sentence)
9. I can help you with the project, or you can take his help for he is quite talented.
(compound sentence)
10. The shadows on the wall seemed to dance as the light flickered. (complex sentence)
11. I was not very hopeful about the outcome but I did not express my feelings. (compound
sentence)
12. I had just started painting when my mother called me, and I had to finish her work first.
(compound sentence)
D. 1. A truck was brought, and the fruits were loaded.
2. The actor was awarded because he performed very well in the film.
3. You must not repeat this ever for you will be suspended.
4. The room caught fire, but nothing in the room was destroyed.
5. I lost the ball which was gifted by my friend.
6. I won’t be able to come to the party because I have to go for dinner with my family.
7. I finished my homework so I put away my books.
8. The passengers were late, yet they were not complaining.
9. He wanted to go back home immediately because he was getting restless.
10. Even though the film is quite long, you will not get bored of it.
11. We went to the office in which my uncle worked.
12. I have packed your clothes in the suitcase that you recently bought from the mall.
E. 1. You must work hard for you to win the competition.
2. In spite of being old, she is very active.
3. The child was crying because it was hurt.
4. The careless person is not to be trusted.
5. The child should run fast or he will miss the bus.
6. He earns a lot, but he is not content.
7. Ravi sold the sports kit which belonged to his brother.
8. He gave me some food and warm clothes.
9. We know him to be a coach who is committed.
10. The teacher is very patient and polite.
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Let’s perfect it
A. 1. Tell me about the most prominent person of this locality. (simple sentence)
2. I cleared the table, and I served the sweets. (compound sentence)
3. Rinu plays with his dog in the garden. (simple sentence)
4. Since you are unhappy with the result, you can work on it again. (complex sentence)
5. Though it was raining heavily, I reached the office on time. (complex sentence)
6. We had a meeting that had to be held in the new conference room.
(complex sentence)
7. What are you planning to do on your birthday? (simple sentence)
8. Serena wanted to meet me, but I was busy the whole day. (compound sentence)
9. You take rest today for I want you to attend tomorrow’s session. (compound sentence)
10. When I was walking through the woods, I spotted a deer behind a pine tree.
(complex sentence)
11. We should not make an issue out of something ordinary. (simple sentence)
12. The boy who stood first in class was awarded prestigious scholarship.
(complex sentence)
B. 2. I was very hungry so I ate all the mangoes kept in the basket.
3. The men rested for they had finished their work.
4. The bandits robbed the old couple and they killed them.
5. He tried vigorously, yet he could not succeed.
6. The woman is lazy, but she is not insincere.
7. You can buy the tickets for the show today or you can buy the tickets for the
show tomorrow.
8. He wanted to win the contest so he adopted unethical means.
9. All the children were dancing and they enjoyed at the birthday party.
10. I may take the bus or I may go by taxi.
C. 1. He finished reading the book in a day because he found the book very interesting.
2. Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm.
3. He had left office before I could brief him about the work.
4. Do not play on the other side of the park as it is getting constructed.
5. When I reached the bus stop, I saw a man who looked suspicious.
6. This book has been written by an author who is very famous.
7. The baby started crying since the mother had left the room.
8. This became clear to us that he wanted something in return.
9. The commuters raised an alarm after they saw the suspicious object.
10. We resumed our journey after the sun rose.
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D. 1. I have nothing that I can offer you at this moment.
2. He can accomplish this task easily and I have no doubt about it.
3. He received the telegram and he left for his village to see his parents.
4. Plan everything properly so you will have no reason to repent.
5. It was Macbeth’s blind ambition which eventually led to his tragic death.
6. We are going in the right direction and I am sure of it.
7. He was an outstanding creative talent, yet he never enjoyed great popularity among
the masses.
8. We must eat properly so we can lead a healthy life.
9. I was the first person who reached there.
10. It is a well-known fact now that malaria is caused by mosquitoes.
Comprehension
A. 1. The word ‘suspicious’ tells us that the official did not trust the smuggler.
2. The official was looking for something valuable that the man might have hidden to
smuggle across the border.
3. The smuggler was clever. He used the straw to fool the official into believing that he had
hidden something valuable in it. As a result, he was able to divert the official’s attention
from the donkey, which in fact was the thing being smuggled.
a) The electrician pulled apart the wiring in the socket.
b) Certain employee unions have decided to go on a strike tomorrow.
c) It happened a long, long time ago.
5. a) complex sentence b) complex sentence
Let’s build words

A. 1. metaphor 2. apostrophe 3. pun
4. apostrophe 5. simile 6. simile
7. metaphor 8. metaphor 9. anticlimax
10. rhetorical question 11. personification 12. pun
13. personification 14. irony
15. Voice
Let’s link it
A. 1. a) passive voice 2. b) passive voice 3. c) active voice
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Let’s crack it
A. 2. This jam was made by me.

3. Our meals are cooked by Sanatan.
4. A beautiful poem was written by her.
5. Rohit has been invited to the party by him.
6. The house was being renovated by my brother.
7. The saplings are being planted by the gardener.
8. The sports club will be joined by Sherry.
9. Everyone’s attention was grabbed by the film.
10. A documentary on the school is going to be made by the students of class 8.
B. 2. The guide had taken the tourists around the fort.
3. They will type out these reports.
4. Why didn’t your brother finish the work?
5. We are going to sound the siren.
6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal, one of the wonders of the world.
7. The class teacher scolded him for his rude behaviour.
8. Everybody regards his father as the wisest person of this colony.
9. The two parties are signing the treaty.
10. The team will celebrate the victory tomorrow.
C. 1. c) 2. a) 3. c) 4. c) 5. c)
D. 1. Let all the furniture be dusted.
2. Let the seeds be planted and watered.
3. Let the flag be hoisted.
4. Cook the food and serve it.
5. Paint the house yellow.
6. Buy the gifts and wrap them.
7. Let the window be opened.
8. Let safety gear be worn while riding a bicycle.
9. Let that route not be taken for your school.
10. Let formal clothes be worn to office.
E. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)
1. Let the trees be planted.
2. Let the clothes be washed, ironed, and placed in the cupboard.
3. Let the decorations be put up.
4. Let the children be bathed.
5. You are advised to clean the balcony.
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6. Let each day be enjoyed.
7. Let the water not be wasted.
8. You are asked to complete your project today.
F. Agatha Christie, born in 1890, is known throughout the world as the Queen of Crime. Over a
billion copies of her books have sold in the English language with another billion in 44 other
languages. She is the most widely published author of all times. Her first novel, The Mysterious
Affair at Styles, was written towards the end of the First World War. It was published in 1920
by The Bodley Head.
The character of Hercule Poirot was created in this novel and he became the most popular
detective in crime fiction after Sherlock Holmes. The Mousetrap, her most famous play, has
been running to full houses in London for the last more than 25 years and is the longest-
running play in history.
Agatha Christie also wrote four non-fiction works including an autobiography. She died
in 1976.
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. Kailash Satyarthi won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014. (active voice)
2. A worldwide panic was caused in 2009 by swine flu. (passive voice)
3. Pandit Ravi Shankar played the sitar. (active voice)
4. Christopher Columbus discovered the continents of North and South America.
(active voice)
5. By whom was the famous play A Midsummer Night’s Dream written? (passive voice)
6. French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo.
(passive voice)
7. We will complete the experiment tomorrow. (active voice)
8. The talent show was won by the most deserving candidate. (passive voice)
9. The children planned a surprise for their mother on her birthday. (active voice)
10. The factory was cleaned by the workers before the inspection. (passive voice)
B. 1. These shawls are woven by him.
2. We weave these shawls.
3. This shawl is being woven by me.
4. The old woman is weaving this shawl.
5. This shawl has been woven by the old women.
6. The weaver wove this shawl.
7. This shawl was being woven by the weavers.
8. This shawl had been woven by the weaver.
9. Three shawls will be woven by the weaver in a week.
10. Three shawls are being woven by the weavers.
11. A shawl must be woven by the weaver each week.
12. Please weave a shawl in two days.
95
C. 1. East Bengal Club will not play the football match on Monday.
2. The man at the counter took away my papers.
3. The students are making the candles.
4. The director holds important meetings in the board room.
5. Rehana has returned all the library books.
6. Jim Corbett wrote an interesting article on tigers.
7. The traffic police devised a new system to control the traffic.
8. The great detective John solved the mystery.
9. The naughty boy ate all the pastries.
10. My cousin Sam opened a Chinese restaurant.
D. (Depending upon the justification provided, different answers are possible for some of
these sentences.)
2. No change.
Justification: The sentence should remain in the passive voice since what is given to the
horse needs to be emphasized.
3. The poem was recited by Ali very well.
Justification: The sentence should be changed into the passive voice because how the
poem was recited needs to be emphasized.
4. No change.
Justification: The sentence should remain in the passive voice since the person who broke
into the house is unknown.
5. My hometown was destroyed by a tsunami last winter.
Justification: The sentence should be changed into the active voice because what has
been destroyed need to be emphasized.
6. Mira has directed this award-winning film.
Justification: This sentence should be in the active voice as the person who directed the
film should be emphasized.
7. A brisk walk is taken by him daily after dinner.
Justification: The sentence should be changed into the passive voice because when and
how often the action is performed should to be emphasized.
8. No change.
Reason: Since this is not a specific train, it does not need to be replaced as the subject.
The sentence should be in the active voice.
Composition
96
16. Determiners
Let’s link it
A. 1. Rohit lives near the school across the road.

2. If you want, I can drop you to the airport. I am going in that direction.
3. I saw an angel last night in my dream.
4. The idea he gave was an interesting one.
5. Ours is a united country.
6. The flowers were delivered on time.
7. Could you please turn on the television?
8. That’s the building I was looking for.
9. Could you please buy some chocolates from the shop in the next building?
10. I loved the dress you were wearing last night.
Let’s crack it
A. 1. Australia 2. woman 3. sugar 4. year 5. day 6. boys

1. Is there any sugar left in the jar?
2. Whose books are these?
3. Most of the people in this room are lying.
4. Manju and Mohit are going to meet their grandparents.
5. The eleventh question stumped him.
6. Neither boy has admitted to throwing the chalk.
C. 1. I bought a radio because I like listening to music.
2. The thief was sent to prison, and the honest man got his money back.
3. I went to the nearby village to visit my aunt.
4. Would you like to have an ice cream?
5. Do you like ice cream in a cup or a cone?
6. Let’s go to a restaurant and have lunch together.
7. The mangoes I bought yesterday are delicious.
8. Spain has the best flamenco dancers.
9. What time is your flight? I’ll take you to the airport.
10. The man I met last night turned out to be my brother’s old friend.
D. 1. few 2. A few 3. the few
4. a little 5. little
E. 1. b) 2. e) 3. f) 4. a) 5. c) 6. d)
97
Let’s perfect it
A. 1. the 2. The 3. X 4. X 5. a 6. the 7. the 8. the

9. a 10. a 11. The 12. The 13. the, X 14. a 15. the, the, the
B. 1. A lot of 2. a little 3. Some, one 4. The
5. a lot of 6. every 7. those 8. Both
9. some 10. Whatever 11. some 12. each
13. their 14. This 15. first
1. Those students who can’t participate in the annual-day function can help us decorate
the stage.
2. He has written several self-help books.
3. A great deal of research has been done already.
4. She was given enough time to stitch the suit.
5. There is another person who can help you solve the problem.
6. Which answer do you think is correct?
7. Every child in the room had read Matilda.
8. My mother does twice the amount of work I do.
D. It is very easy to make the bowl of Russian salad. 1. a
Boil all flowers of cauliflower along 2. some
with full a kilo of shelled peas. 3. half
Dice and add second cucumbers. 4. two
Peel and cube an pineapple. 5. one
Add neither sliced cherries or grapes would do. 6. either
Mix some the ingredients in a glass bowl. 7. all
Pour little mayonnaise over the mixture. 8. a little
The mayonnaise must be either too thick nor too thin. 9. neither
Fold the mayonnaise into an mixture. 10. the
Composition

Flat 324
Prajashakti Society
Kochi – 682016
The Managing Director
Adventure Sports Private Limited
98
M.K. Gandhi Road
Kochi - 682001
18 October 2019
Dear Ma’am,
Subject: Regarding the hot-air balloon trips organized by your company
Having read about the hot-air balloon trips organized by you, I couldn’t resist undertaking
such a trip myself. When I actually did fly in the balloon, I felt something that seemed quite
indescribable at that moment. It was a moment that I will always remember.
Yet, despite all the excitement, I did come away a bit disappointed as, apart from the
exhilarating experience of flying in the balloon, there was little that tallied with the description
provided in your company’s brochure regarding the trip. While there was definitely a pick-
and-drop facility to and from the hotel where we stayed, the vehicle used was in a bad, run-
down condition. Then, at the launch site, the quality of the food served was substandard. The
session with the pilot, who explained the technicalities while the balloon was being inflated
and prepared for flight, was an informative one. However, the actual flight lasted for hardly
twenty minutes, instead of the promised sixty. The pilot said that the flight had to be curtailed
due to some technical fault. All the people in our group felt misled. When we complained, the
pilot said that there was nothing that could be done at that time. We also haven’t received the
flight certificates as yet, and enquiries at your customer service centre only result in further
promises, but no action.
I do hope that you would ensure that those individuals who trust in you are not left
feeling cheated. I would like you to ensure that your company delivers as it promises in
its advertisements.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
Rajesh Kathirapally
Revision worksheet 2
A. 1. Education in India falls under the control of both the union government and the state
governments, with some responsibilities lying with the union and the states having
autonomy for others.
2. Most of the universities in India are controlled by the union government or the
state governments.
3. Both the public and the private sectors provide education in India.
4. India has been able to increase the primary-education attendance rate and expand literacy
to about two thirds of its population. In all, the Indian education system is one of the main
contributors to the economic rise of India.
5. A large percentage of the Indian population is still illiterate despite growing investment in
education. Rectifying this situation is a major challenge facing India in terms of
basic education.
B. 1. should 2. could 3. would 4. should 5. should
6. would 7. should 8. should 9. would 10.
should
11. Could 12. would
99
C. 1. wanted to 2. soft 3. so 4. is
5. but 6. a 7. When 8. into
D. 1. He is an accomplished writer. His books have been admired throughout the world.
2. A boy fell off the ladder. He has hurt his leg.
3. People have loopholes in their own character. They should not point out others’ mistakes.
4. Napoleon Bonaparte died in exile at St Helena. He was admired by the French.
5. Sarita is my cousin. She works abroad.
6. Can you bring me the red file? It is on the table.
7. I left a box here yesterday. Where is it?
8. You were talking to a tall man. He is my boss.
9. Benjamin Disraeli was a famous politician and statesman of the Victorian period in
England. He was also a noted writer.
10. O. Henry is my favourite writer. He wrote short stories like ‘The Gift of the Magi’ and
‘The Last Leaf’.
E. 1. Abid informed that he had wandered about here and there in search of his friend.
2. I said to him, ‘Where has he gone?’
3. William asked his friend what he thought he should do if the situation did not remain the
same the following day.
4. I said, ‘What a magnificent sight!’
5. The old man blessed the boy, wishing that he might live long and achieve great feats to
bring lots of joy to his family.
F. Morris, the Martian was flying around the moon. One day, he saw a blue light in front
of him.
‘What is that?’ he thought to himself.
Morris was scared, but he went a little bit closer so that he could see the light better.
‘Hello!’ he called out. There was no reply.
‘Hello! Is anyone there?’ he called, but again there was no reply.
Suddenly, something appeared through the light.
‘Boo!’ it shouted.
Poor Morris was really frightened out of his wits, and he flew off home and hid inside
his cupboard.
G. The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world, a
masterpiece of Indo–Islamic architecture. All the materials for its construction were brought
from various places by Emperor Shah Jahan. These materials were transported from all over
Asia by a thousand elephants. No effort or expense was spared by the emperor in creating
this magnificent building, which was dedicated to the everlasting memory of his wife by him.
H. (Encourage students to write their own answers. Suitable answers should be accepted.)
100

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A. 2. It’s cold today, / it? isn’t

A. 1. Would 2. Is 3. What 4. Should

B. 1. fish 2. tanks 3. dancers 4. wolves 5. nations

E. Verbs Adjectives Abstract nouns

darken dark darkness

laughing laughable laughter

inform informative information

live lively life

succeed successful success

F. Verbs and adjectives Abstract nouns

10. protect protection

11. pleasing pleasure

12. heroic heroism

13. try trial

14. generous generosity

15. forgive forgiveness

G. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)

A. 1. Nominative case: Jeevan; Objective case: project

A. 1. assortment 2. ensemble 3. anthology 4. bouquet

A. 1. large 2. clear 3. favourite 4. sweet 5. tough

A. Are there any doctors available?

A. 1. easy 2. creative 3. lyrical 4. excellent

A. 1. One can reach the Andaman Islands by ship or air.

Let’s build words

Prefixes Meanings Words starting with the prefixes

2. pro- to favour, to project pro-Congress, proclaim, procreate

3. multi- many multimillion, multimedia, multipurpose

4. over- above, to an excessive overconfident, overlook, overact

5. micro- small microbiology, microscope, microsecond

7. anti- to oppose/stand against anti-Congress, antidote

8. retro- backward retrospect, retrograde, retrogress

9. intro- inward introspect, introvert, introduce

10. trans- across transcend, transfix, transatlantic

A. 1. What 2. What 3. Who 4. Whose

A. 1. mine 2. me 3. hers 4. he 5. I 6. any

A. (Encourage students to write on their own. Suitable answers should be accepted.)

A. Communicate: shout, speak, tell, advise

A. 1. Tina played for two hours continuously.

A. 1. Every team should have a captain to give directions to other players.

A. 1. finished 2. is increasing 3. plays 4. have paid

9. prepared 10. reaches 11. had left 12. have been

13. will take 14. will be visiting 15. has created

2. We have tidied the house. (present perfect tense)

3. I was reading the newspaper this morning. (past continuous tense)

5. What goes around comes around. (simple present tense)

6. Why is he working so late? (present continuous tense)

7. I had finished my work before I went to bed. (past perfect tense)

8. Has he been exercising? (present perfect continuous tense)

9. I am going to eat all the chocolates. (present continuous tense)

C. 1. b) I was cleaning the study room.

2. b) Yes, I went to the music class last evening.

3. a) No, I did not get time to talk to my parents.

4. a) I am feeling sad because I forgot my project diary at home.

5. b) I will call her after I come back from the park.

6. a) I found this book in the bookstore on the main road.

D. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)

A. 1. will appear/will be appearing 2. had waited

Let’s build words

A. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)

A. (Suitable answers should be accepted. Suggested answers are given below.)

A. 1. I’ll soon go to bed.