Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed throughout the research process.
a. Background of the Study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Significance of the study
2. An analytical tool with several variations and contexts.
a. Scope and delimitation of the study
b. Conceptual Framework
c. Significance of the study
d. Operational Definition
3. The part of your states what the researcher expects to find- it is the tentative answer to the research question
that guides the entire study.
a. Research Significance
b. Research Truth
c. Research Hypothesis
d. Research Operation Definition
4. In making your conceptual framework which is not included in the steps stated below.
a. Conduct a Literature c. Write a Narrative
b. Create a Flow chart d. Do not return and revise
5. Who are the individuals whom they explain clearly the purposes of the problem statement or inquiry?
a. Marshall and Rossman
b. Marshall Leu and Rose Man
c. F.J. Espania and R. E. Fernandez
d. None of the above
6. It is considered as dictionary terminologies?
a. Operational Definition
b. Conceptual Definition
c. Operational-Conceptual Definition
d. All of the above
7. It is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.
a. Conceptual Definition
b. Conceptual Definition-Operational
c. Operational Definition
d. All of the above
8. The part of your study that sets boundaries and parameters of the problem inquiry and narrows down the scope
of the inquiry.
a. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
b. Background of the Study
c. Scope and delimitation of the study
d. Scope and delimitation of the study
9. It will provide information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
a. Significance of the study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Significance of the study
10. The portion of your study that will provide evidence of academic standards and procedure.
 a. Theory Framework
b. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
c. Concept Framework
d. None of the above
11. According to her a conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint.
a. Maria Marie Florenda
b. Maria Magic
c. Maria Magher
d. Maria June Mandela
12. A part of research that is necessary in the theoretical and conceptual framework.
a. Dependable Variable
b. Independent Variable
c. Dependent Variable
d. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable
13. The section of the study that provides information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
a. Significance of the study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Glossary of terminology
14. The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework provides.
a. Substantiation
b. Evidence
c. Confirmation
d. All of the above
15. The part of your study is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms and concepts when
reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.
a. Background of the Study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Glossary of Research Terms
d. Significance of the Study

Lesson 1 Background of the Problem

In the preceding lesson, you learned the significance of research across fields of inquiry. A thorough research
can be conducted in any field of knowledge. The areas and disciplines that are classified into different areas of sciences
will assist you to understand where you really fit. These will guide you into the next learning of designing and writing a
research project and a research title.
After you have carefully written your previous activities and perhaps ran it through your associates through a
many of times. While there are many elements for your readers is the background of the study. The background of your
study will provide context to the information discussed throughout the research process. The background information of
your study may include both important and relevant studies.
Furthermore, the background of the study will deliberate your statement of the problem, rationale, and research
questions. It links the introduction to your research study and guarantees a logical flow of ideas. Thus, it helps readers
understand and comprehend your reasons and explanations for conducting the study.

Problem statements or background of the study have three elements:

➢ The problem itself, stated clearly and with enough contextual detail to establish why it is important;
➢ The method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working thesis;
➢ The purpose, statement of objectives and scope of document the writer is preparing.

Research Problem
A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or
a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation. It is typically posed in the form of a question.

Sample Background of the study:

GRADE 11 STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON THE 3R’S METHOD IN UTILIZING NON-BIODEGRADABLE
WASTE IN LA SALLE UNIVERSITY
In today’s generation, a lot of problems have been emerging in our society and the most common problem that humans
are facing right now is the environmental concerns, specifically the solid waste which includes the biodegradable and
nonbiodegradable. Waste can be defined to be as those materials that are no longer needed at some point.
Biodegradable wastes are those that can be easily decomposed while non-biodegradable wastes are those that cannot
be broken and decomposed in which these will remain stable indefinitely. Moreover, non-biodegradable wastes bring
problems to our environment

ACTIVITY 1: You just learned the concepts on background of the Problem. You were tasked to save the titles you’ve
made as your research topic. You will use these on the next activities to create your research problem.
I. Among the titles of the previous lesson you have created, which of those you think should be addressed. Kindly,
explain further on this matter.
II. Write the above research topics you have created and identify at least three research problem for each and explain
why you choose them.
Propose Research Title:
III. Background of the Problem:
IV. Reasons:

Lesson 2 Conceptual Framework

In the previous lesson, you’ve learned on how to choose research topics and formulate Background of the
problem or the statement of the problem, following the different elements in writing a statement of the problem helps you
to create a god topic for your research.
Researchers create and generate theoretical and conceptual frameworks that comprise a philosophical and
methodological model to help and aid to design their work.
A Conceptual Framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts that can be applied in
different categories of work where an overall picture is needed to come up with the desired goal. It is necessary to make
conceptual and theoretical distinctions and organize ideas. Strong and resilient conceptual frameworks capture and
apprehend something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.
The theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of academic standards and procedures that validates the
authenticity of the study. They also proposed an explanation and clarification of why the study is relevant and how the
researcher expects to fill the gap in the literature.
How to create a Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an outline of how you plan to conduct the
research of your thesis, but it goes further than that by also positioning your work within the larger field of research.

➢ Conduct a Literature Review

Before you can have your research, you need to understand and comprehend what research has already been
conducted on your topic of interest and curiosity. Conducting a literature review can help you to refine your central
argument or hypothesis. You must also conduct and gather the literature review to be able to place and organize your
work within the larger and greater area of study in your conceptual framework. Your framework should present the
relevant research ad show how your work will help to advance the field.
➢ Create a Flow Chart
Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual and allow those reading the framework to understand the course of your
research. You can present this in whatever way makes the most sense for your work, which can include a flow chart,
mind gap or diagram. In every component of your research, you should showcase the variables that influence it.
➢ Write a Narrative
Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or graphic. You can always present the same information and
evidence by writing a narrative. Your narrative should recap the variables influencing your research and explore how
they may change the hypothesis. The narrative should also explain and enlighten the basic methodology for your
research. If you include a diagram in your conceptual framework, a narrative should also be included explaining these
details for those who prefer more in-depth information. Bolded headers to separate the sections of your narrative and to
create a visual order of information.
➢ Return and Revise
As you begin your research, you may discover that certain elements of your conceptual framework are no longer
needed. You will discover new variables, or you may identify that your hypothesis is incorrect. You may discover
additional research that challenges your theory and ideas. You should return to your framework and revise it if
necessary.

SAMPLE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Demographic Profile of the
respondents in te rms of:
Age:
Academic Achievement of 4Ps
Gender:
Grade Level: Pupils - Recipients
Occupation of the parents:
Monthly income of the parents:
Interactive Method:

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram showing the perimeter of the study

Lesson 3 Research Hypothesis (Quantitative Research)

In the preceding lesson, you learned the significance of research across fields of inquiry. A thorough research
can be conducted in any field of knowledge. The areas and disciplines that are classified into different areas of sciences
will assist you to understand where you really fit. These will guide you into the next learning of designing and writing a
research project and a research title.
Research Hypothesis is vital to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or quantitative, exploratory or explanatory.
In developing a testable research hypothesis, it takes skill, however, along with careful attention to how the proposed
research method treats the development and testing of hypotheses.
The hypothesis in your study, you are predicting the relationship between two variables.
Following are some hints for the formulation of your hypothesis.

➢ Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before making a final decision
➢ As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements (variables) that are in relation to
each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by your research. As an outcome of your research,
you will arrive at a conclusion, a theory, or understanding that will be useful or applicable beyond the research
itself.
➢ Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.
➢ Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be answered
exclusively by the discipline of law.
➢ Be certain that each term if your hypothesis is clearly understood and defined, do not deal in generalities or
assume that the reader knows the meaning of the technical term.
➢ Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing with state or federal law or both on a comparative basis if
appropriate.
➢ Know that your hypothesis may change over time as your research progresses.
You must obtain the teacher’s approval of your hypothesis, as well as any modifications to your hypothesis, before
proceeding with any work on the topic.
You will be expressing your hypothesis in 3 ways:

➢ As a one-sentence hypothesis.
➢ As a research question.
➢ As a title for your paper.

Your hypothesis will be part of your research proposal.

Sample on Research Hypothesis:
Example:
Question:
Does taking aspirin everyday reduce the chance of having a heart attack?
Null Hypothesis:
Taking aspirin daily does not affect heart attack risk.
ACTIVITY 1: Writing Exercise: Make your Research Hypothesis
Directions: Go back on the sample given. Based on the topic that you’ve chosen, write a statement on the Research
Hypothesis on your chosen topic.
Question:

Research Hypothesis:
 Lesson 4 Statement of the Problem
In the prior lesson, you’ve learned on how to make a research hypothesis that is indispensable in making a
research project. In addition, before formulating your research hypothesis, read about the topic that is interesting to you
since a research hypothesis is a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research itself.
Writing a Statement of the Problem
After identifying a research problem, the next step is to write a problem statement. It has to be concise and concrete.
Writing a problem statement can help the researcher put the topic in context and have a deeper understanding of its
significance. A problem statement may be written in several paragraphs or in several sentences incorporated in the
introduction.
Problem statement should address the relevance of the research: why is it important to resolve the problem. The
problem statement need not lay world-changing impact. What is important is that the problem statement should lay how
you intend to address the problem. Your goal should not be to find a conclusive solution, but to seek out the reasons
behind the problem and propose more effective approaches to understanding it. You may start with the following
phrases:

a) The aim of this study is to determine…

b) This project aims to explore…
c) I aim to investigate…
d)
Research studies generally include the succeeding interconnected portions.
Purpose of the Statement of the Problem:

➢ To describe the substantive focus of the research study

➢ To frame it as
➢ A larger theoretical policy
➢ A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance
➢ To pose initial research questions
➢ To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section and
➢ To discuss the limitations of the study.

Specific Title of the Study:

Narcissism in Teenagers: Root Causes, Manifestations and Interventions
The different parts of the problem statement will be written as follows:

Introduction
Taking selfies or a video of oneself has become a social phenomenon that has been brought about by the use of
modern gadgets, particularly the mobile phone adolescents take pictures or videos of themselves, their possessions,
their latest happenings or gigs, their friends, their food-anything, anyone they take a fancy on, anywhere, anytime. A
good number of people say that this social phenomenon has evolved into narcissism. There is, to date, a dearth of
research on this topic.
Statement of the Problem

Major Problem: This study aims to investigate the root causes of narcissism, as well as its manifestations and possible
forms of intervention.
Specific Problems: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
 ➢ What are the underlying causes of narcissism?
➢ How has technology contributed to narcissistic behavior?
➢ What are the manifestations of narcissistic behavior in adolescents?
➢ What forms of intervention can be done to address this behavior of adolescents?
➢ How can the following help in developing healthy self-esteem, positive outlooks and attitudes in adolescents?
Parents
Curriculum Planners
Administrators
Teachers

ACTIVITY 1: Writing Exercise: Make your Statement of the Problem

Directions: Go back on the sample given. On the topic that you have chosen, write a specific statement or inquiry
showing the following:
Statement of the Problem:

Lesson 5 Importance of the Study

In the former lesson, you’ve learned on how to create a statement of the problem that is essential in making a research
project. Moreover, a good research problem should address an existing gap in knowledge in the field and lead to further
research.
This portion discusses how to write this section and provides an example to illustrate the different techniques.
In an actual fact, the section on the significance of the study provides information to the reader on how the study will
contribute. It must be exactly stated, however, what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it.

Sample Significance of the study:

Significance of the Study
The researcher believed that the result of this study will help the following assess the 4Ps program and its effect to the
performance of the pupils.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development. The researcher believes that the result of this study will be of great
importance to the department since they are the ones monitoring the 4Ps program. May this study serve as the basis in
the modification of the conditions in giving cash grants
The Administrators. The result of the study would be the basis of constructing and implementing new and innovative
teaching aids to help teachers fully supervise and assess the pupils to achieve their full potentials, since children are
financially supported in their studies by the government.
The Teachers. The result of this study may help the teacher in constructing and developing new teaching strategies to
help the students in their performance and be mindful that even if students are provided and supported by the
government, they still need equal guidance to perform well in school. The factors affecting the performance of the
students may also help the teacher as their basis in making daily lessons.
The Parents. The result of this study will inform the parents that their guidance is a big impact on the performance of the
students in school.
The Students. May the result of this research help the student in understanding that coming to school daily may be a
guarantee that they will also have good academic performance. And may the result give them the overview of how the
government is supporting their studies and that they must do their part by studying well.
ACTIVITY 2: Writing Exercise: Writing a statement on the Significance or the Importance of the Study
Directions: On the topic you’ve chosen, write a specific statement regarding the Significance or the Importance of the
study.
Significance of the Study:

Lesson 6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

In the previous lesson, you’ve learned on how to create a statement of the problem that is essential in making a
research project. Moreover, a good research problem should address an existing gap in knowledge in the field and lead
to further research.
As mentioned in other topics, to broad topics will lead the research nowhere.
The scope and delimitation of the study set borders and limitations of the problem inquiry and narrow down the scope of
the inquiry.
The purpose of the delimitation of the study is to delimit by geographic location, age, sex, population traits, population
size, or other similar aspects. Delimitation makes study more manageable and feasible. Part of it sets the constraints or
weaknesses of a study which are beyond the control of the researcher.
Examples of Delimitation of Research

➢ This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose, Pasig City, benefited by the government’s
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
➢ This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both Blended Learning and standard ways of
Language teaching.

ACTIVITY 3: Writing Exercise: On the Scope and Limitation of the Study

Directions: Go back in the sample given. On the topic that you’ve chosen, write a specific statement showing the Scope
and Limitation of your study.
Scope and Limitation:

Lesson 7 Definition of Terms

In the former lesson, you’ve learned on how to formulate a scope and delimitation of a research study that is
vital in making a research project. Moreover, a scope and delimitation of a research project is the scope on how in-depth
your study is to explore the research parameters in which it will operate in relation to the population and the timeframe
of your study.

Glossary of Research Terms- this glossary is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms and
concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.
Types and Functions
➢

➢ Conceptual Definition o Refers to the dictionary meaning.

 ➢ Operational Definition o The meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular

study.
Sample Operational Definition of Terms
Conceptual Definition Operational Definition
Academic Performance CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer
It is the product of education- the degree to This is a program that transfers cash, largely to
which a student, a teacher or organization has deprived families, on the circumstance that those
attained their educational goals. It is dignified families make prespecified funds in the human
by the final grade earned in the course. assets of their kids.

ACTIVITY 1: Writing Exercise: Defining a Term

Directions: On the topic chosen, write a specific statement using the different Types and Functions of the Definition of
Terms.
Conceptual Definition:

Operational Definition:

ACTIVITY 2: Based on the lesson, I have realized that

ACTIVITY 3: Directions: Provide the necessary information as asked in the 1 st Column. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the activity.
Question/Instruction Answer
What is your proposed topic for study?
Write your statement of the problem.
Formulate your hypothesis based on your statement of the problem

ACTIVITY 4: A. Library Visit and Internet Exploration

➢ Go to a library or do research in the internet.
➢ Read at least two research
➢ Make a report on each research.
➢ End your library visit with the Actual learnings that you have during your library visit and internet exploration and
make the following to practice what you’ve learned in this module.
➢ Background of the study
➢ Conceptual Framework
➢ Research Hypothesis
➢ Statement of the problem
➢ Significance of the study
➢ Scope and Delimitation of the study
➢ Definition of terms

PREPARED BY:
JEMAR M. BANDAJA, LPT
PR1 Teacher