Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Untitled
Untitled
(Headquarters Bauchi)
By
Mika yohanna
14/36274U/3
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of bachelor of agricultural technology (B.
May, 2019
i
DEDICATION
mother Mrs.Diana Yohanna for there financial and moral support, and my siblings for their
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I appreciate God”s kindness to me for giving strength and good health from the
I also want to acknowledge the contribution of my father,My mother and relatives for
their financial support and all they did to make me go through successful completion of my
training. I will also not forget to acknowledge the endeavour and physical support engaged
My gratitude also goes to the entire members of staff BSADP, especially the programme
manager Iliyasu Gital and the I.T Coordinator Umar Tirwun and Haruna Muhammad Dass for
their help.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of student’s industrial work experience scheme is to prepare and provides
avenue for students in institution of higher learning to acquire industrial skills through the use
of practical knowledge of industry. The existence of this body was the endeavour of industrial
training fund (ITF) in 1973, which is mainly to organize programme and services that stimulate
human performance and improve productivity. The benefit of students industrial work
experience scheme (SIWES) does not limited to students but to organizations and institutions.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….i
Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……ii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………………………iii
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
Chapter Two
Chapter Three
Chapter Four
Chapter Five
5.1 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30
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5.2 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………………..30
5.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………31
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
SIWES was established by ITF in the year 1973 to serve the problem of lack of adequate
graduates. The scheme educates students on industrial based skills essential for a smooth
transition from the classroom to the world of work. Student of tertiary institution are given the
opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the needed experience in handling machinery
and equipment which are usually not available in the educational institutions. Partaking in
SIWES industrial training has become a crucial pre-condition for the award of diploma and
degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institution of higher learning in Nigeria in line
with the government education policies. The operators are the ITF, the coordinating agencies
following disciplines: natural sciences, engineering and technology, education, agriculture, medical
science, environmental, and pure and applied sciences. AbubakarTafawaBalewa University Bauchi
(ATBU) is not exempted from this programme. The institution prepares its students for this national
programme at their 400 level for the period of 10 months during which the student are expected to
serve in various industries of their trade which will prepare them to proper knowledge relevant to their
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1.2 Objectives of the SIWES
1. Expose student to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machineries
2. Prepare student for industrial work situations they are likely to meet after graduation.
3. Provide avenues for student to acquire industrial skills for experience during their course
of study.
4. Provide student with opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work
situation, thereby bridging the gaps between theory and practical knowledge.
6. To provide means for students in tertiary institutions to acquire industrial skills and
7. To strengthen the relationship between educational institutions and the industrial sectors.
Programme
The Federal Government, the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), the Supervising Agency, National
Universities Commission (NUC), Employers of labour and Institutions have specific roles to
1. To provide adequate funds to the ITF through the Federal Ministry of Industry for the
scheme;
2. To make it mandatory for all ministries, companies and parastatals to offer places to
students in accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 47 of 1971 as amended in 1990;
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3. . Formulate policies to guide the running of the scheme nationally.
1. Formulate policies and guidelines on SIWES for distribution to all the SIWES
participating bodies;
students;
6. Accept and process Master and Placement lists from institutions and supervising
agencies;
2. To vet and approve Master and Placement lists of students from participating institution
and forward same to ITF; Fund SIWES Directorate adequately in participating
institutions;
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5. Participate in the Biennial SIWES conferences and seminars in conjunction with ITF.
4. The Institutions
Establish SIWES Directorate with a separate account, adequately staffed and funded to ensure
effective operation of the scheme. The unit must meet the following minimum requirements:
A full-time Head/Director of SIWES, rank should not be less than that of a Reader in a related
discipline
4. A Driver
5. A Clerk
2. Prepare and submit Master and Placement lists to the respective coordinating agency and
ITF
4. Organize orientation programs for students to prepare them for industrial training;
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5. Supervise students on attachment and sign their logbooks. A minimum of three visits
should be made to the students by the institution’s supervisors during the period of
attachment;
6. Work out industrial tailor-made program with the employers-based supervisor on the
8. Submit comprehensive reports on the scheme to the ITF after the program.
5. The Employers/Industry
3. Attach experienced staff to students for effective training and supervision on a ratio of
5. Provide medical care for students within the limit of employers conditions of service;
6. Permit representatives of ITF and Institutions’ based supervisors to visit the students on
attachment and Grade students in the assessment Form and the ITF Form.
6. The Students
3. Keep proper records of training activities and other assignments in the logbook;
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5. Submit Log Books, Reports and other documents related to SIWES as required by their
6. Submit to ITF through their institution, Evaluation Form (ITF Form 8) completed by the
7. Avoid changing of place of attachment except in special circumstances and with the
All students accepted for SIWES must be given an orientation on SIWES by their institutions
Students on attachment are to be supervised by the professional ITF staff and the institutions
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CHAPTER TWO
Bauchi State Agricultural Development Program (BSADP) in which over the period of the
training I was expose to life situation and the labor market in general
The federal government in conjunction with the World Bank and the state government of the
north central, north east and North West decided to plot a scheme on agricultural development. They
embarked on investigation aiming at identifying suitable areas for developing agricultural project in the
mid 1970’s.The investigation lead to the establishment of enclave ADP’s in Futua (North-central),
Gusau (North-West), and Gombe ADP (North-East) between 1974 and 1975.
The establishment BSADP was on the success of Gombe enclave’s project. During the midterm
review of the Gombe Agricultural development Project (GADP) which cover some part of Gombe and
Bauchi State; a conclusion was made by world Bank and Bauchi State Government that the concept of
GADP will be extended. And as much, the Bauchi State Government decided four to five years
The first state wide ADP, i.e BSADP was designed and started function in 1981after successful
agreement between Bauchi State Government and world Bank in 1980 for a loan of 726 million naira.
BSADP seeks to carry through measures to ensure self sufficiency of food production for the state and
more contribution towards the aim of Agricultural Development Project (ADP’s). Bauchi support state
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is among the Nation’s Agricultural Technical Support (NATSP), was sign as a loan between
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and federal government of Nigeria on
August 25th 1992. The loan climax the initial preliminary works belongs, with preparation of project by
the Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit (FACU) and IBRD has contributed 16% and 13%
2. Support the project and financial administration in the state implementing the schemes.
3. Adaptation and promotion of animal treatment and simple farm implement for the use under
4. Adapting of planning, monitory and evaluating unit to improve their capacity to keep
This were to be under the five pioneering state of Bauchi, Jigawa, Kano, Kebbi, and Sokoto
which were formally appraisal for the purpose of strengthen adoption and dissemination of
technological package to farmers. To ensure adequate food supply all the year especially in
Northern region of the country where rainy is short. National Fadama Development Project
2. Utilizes the small scale holder irrigation potentials identified in the variousstates.
3. Use simple technology water boreholes development and shallow tube well
drilling.
The increasing level of funding was reflected. In turn of the above mentioned activities by
ADP’s. in all the five state, in the area of provisions of infrastructure, length of rural road
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constructed increased from 1,240.7km in 1993 to 2,320.3km while the number boreholes wells
and earth dam drilled also increased from 3256 to 6025. Number of farm visits increased
substantially from 338.8 to 2,300412 with respect to farm input supply. Available data that land
area devoted to seed multiplication increase by 30% quantities supplies also raised to 63.8%.
The number of farm equipment supplied also increased from 1224 to 4535.
The objectives of the ADP were to increase crop production to raise more rural incomes and
standard of living of rural dwellers and to make agricultural inputs more readily available through
Bauchi state agricultural development programme (BSADP) seeks to carry through measures
to ensure self-sufficiency in food production for the state and to make a contribution towards the aim
2. To mobilize and empower the rural population and to create wealth through increased agricultural,
3. To provide rural support services needed to bring about increased production of goods and services
and to provide access to extension services, inputs, credit and marketing services.
4. To promote the human resources and technological capacity of rural communities through
education, training, extension and technical support services that facilitates the adoption of
The BSADP has been divided into four (4) zonal projects each one corresponding in size to
ZONE HEADQUATERS
Northern Azare
Western Nabordo
Central ` Miya
Eastern Gombe
After the creation of Gombe state in 1996, the BSADP was zoned into three (3) zonal areas
The zonal projects were sub-divided into sub-zonal development areas. This provide smaller
and more easily managed units, the zonal project areas were named by the zonal project manager
The programme headquarters of the BSADP is based in Bauchi acting as the co-coordinating
unit having nine (9) departments to coordinate the activities of the programme. The programme
manager is the head of the organization while each department has a director to man the department as
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c. Finance department.
g. Engineering Department.
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BUDGET
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CHAPTER THREE
During my industrial training, I had practical experience and some theoretical aspect of agricultural
1. Fishery
2. Livestock(poultry)
3. Horticulture/Nursery
4. Seed
5. Extention
fish for consumption or sales in the market. They educate farmers on the species of fish
to be kept, how to manage the fish pond, maximization and minimization of cost of
production, and they also train the farmers on how to compound a fish feed using
available and affordable ingredients for the purpose of reduction of feed cost of
i. Breeding house
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iv. Tablesize pond
In this unit we had a discussion on features of a good land for establishing fish farm,there are
fundamental factors to be put in to consideration when selecting a site for fish farm. This
include;
Soil type: recommended type of soil for a specific pond. E.g clay or sandy loam soil for
earthen pond.
Market.
Accessibility.
a. Larva or sac fry: newly hatched fish,they are slow moving and posses a yoke which
b. Preys or post larva: they do not have yoke sac and are weighing less than 1g.
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f. Juvenile: 13weeks fish weighing 3-4g.
h. Table size or brood stock: 6months old fish sexually mature fish.
Parent stock
Hormone
Saline water
Hatching net
Incubator
Natural water
Aerator
Disinfectant
Dissecting blade
Procedures
The female fish is weigh and injected with a dose of ovaprim or ovulin (0.5ml per 1kg of
fish) to ease stripping of eggs. The male fish is then disserted and the sperm sac removed,
each male fish has two sperm sacs fertilized two female fishes ,after 8-9hours of injecting the
female fish ,it is then stripped of eggs into a egg collector rubber by pressing of the abdomen
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downward towards the genital area. The sperm sac is then disserted and the sperm poured
over the stripped eggs, saline water is then used to mix the sperm and the eggs, the fertilized
eggs are then spread on a hatching net immersed in water in a hatching bowl. Fertilized eggs
start to hatch after 24 hours of immersion in water,then newly hatched fingerlings are then
3.1.3 Siphoning
Is a management /routine operation whereby droppings and leftover by the fingerling are
removed. If this is not done, it will deny them from having free access to oxygen thereby causing
ammonia.
fishes according to size, mature and immature and to separate dead fishes from live ones in order
- Harvesting a pond where fish of various ages and sizes are present.
- During partial harvesting to select the fish which have reached market size.
Advantages of sorting
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iii. It increases the accuracy of stock estimate
Livestock production is the art and science of rearing domestic animals for economic
benefits to man. In this unit i was taught on the classification of livestock based on their digestive
Classification of Poultry
Rearing Management
Free range: birds are allowed to go round and feed themselves with half supplement
Semi –intensive: birds are raised in cages, but allowed to go around and feed themselves.
Intensive: birds are raised in cages, sometimes feeding, water, egg collection, manure
Brooding stage
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Growing stage
Layering stage
Brooding stage is the process of given birth to a day old chick at 0-8weeks for layers and 0-
4weeks for broiler depending on weather situation. Is at this stage basic vaccination are
administered orally (first, second and third gumboro administered). Growing stage start at 8-
20weeks,while the layering is from 20-72weeks. We were also taught how to project a cost
Practicals on how to identify a good and por layers was carried out.
Debeaking
Debeaking is the process of removing or cutting the beak that is curved end of the beak of
birds. Debeaking can be carried out manually that is by the use of a sharp knife or mechanically
or electrically.
During my industrial training debeaking was carried out electrically using the electric
debeaker. In debeaking only the curved end of the beak is cut, the upper beak which is usually
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used for cannibalism is cut two- third while the lower beak mostly used for picking grains is cut
one-third.
Importance of Debeaking
- It prevents cannibalism
- River sand
- Top soil
- Saw dust
- Shovel
- Spade
- Digger
- Wheel barrow
- Hand gloves.
Procedures:
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We first mix the river sand, manure (cow dung), top soil and saw dust in the ratio
i.e. 2 : 1 : 1 : 1
After a thorough mixing of the soil with the shovel and spade, it is then left for filling the
very day and or the following day usually in the morning hours.
or 200cm x 200cm size with 1m distance between each of the rectangular arrangement. Each
rectangular arrangement consists of 100 and or 200 or more polythene bags, based on the size of
the polythene.
Seed been the most important input for increasing crop production is also one of the cheapest and
1. The seed multiplication unit is charge with the responsibility of sourcing foundation seed,
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2. To ensure the production and availability of high quality seed of recommending crop varies
such as:
i. Sorghum
ii. Millet
iii. Maize
iv. Rice
v. Groundnut
vi. Cowpea
vii. Cotton
3. Identification of reliable out grower’s crop and varieties to be multiplies throughout growers
programs.
6. Provision of technical assistance to out grower through field monitoring, visit and inspection.
7. Training and re training of seed officers at the zonal level as well as farmers.
Classification of Seed
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i. Grain e.g.; rice and maize
Types of Seed
1. Breeder seed
2. Foundation seed
3. Certified seed
Seed Purity
It is a measure of how clean how suitable or uniform a particular variety is, seed purity is
1. Physic purity
2. Genetic purity
Physical purity: is the measure of that amount (percentage) of the physical substance that are
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Genetic purity is the measure of uniformity of characteristics of seed with given seed lot.
Seed lot is a collection of the same variety of seed with identical history and has been subjected
There are four different types of extension carried out by the unit, these includes unified, commercial, T
and V and community extension but unified extension is mostly carried out.
It strip-line the extension activities in that the small scale farmers come in contact with only one
It has the potential of enhancing the extension agent credibility with the farmers, who have
It can lead to better effectiveness of extension services because more farmers will be reached by
extension agents. This is so because less number of extension agents will be required for each
location hence, area covered and consequently the number of farmers reach will increase.
The existing extension agents are specialist in their chosen field hence, some of them know little
The adoption of UAES would call for a review of training curriculum of the institution
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Socio- cultural factor may cause problems in some areas.
- Demonstrations
consisting of scientists, extension officers, subject matter specialists (SMS) e.t.c discuss new
innovations and provide answers and solution to farmers’ problems brought by the extension agent or
contact farmer.
The MTRM (Monthly Technical Review Meeting) was carried out during our industrial
training in BSADP on monthly basis at the end of every monthly at the MTRM hall located
within BSADP.er a pre-field visit where the experts meet i.e. ATBU and BSADP staff with the
farmers during the visit to interact and discuss specific problems facing the (farmers) also to
know who the farmers does a specific farm operation. In the MTRM, they compare and contrast
and come up with hybrid or improve or a better technique capable of solving the farmer’s
problems. The subject matter specialist (SMS) then takes it to their various zones and with the
help of village extension workers (VEW) reached the farmers. The meeting is characterizes with
the opening prayer and the last minute was read by one of the participant and secretary
respectively. Paper presentations then followed on subject matter discussed with the farmers
during the pre-field visit. The presentation of the paper was however, done by an expert from
ATBU and other experience staffs from BSADP to the participants selected within three zone in
Bauchi State. Participants are also called SMS (Subject Matter Specialist) from each zone. Most
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of them are graduate/experienced staff with HND or degree in the field of their specialization.
They (SMS) go back to their respective zone and train VEW (Village Extension Worker) who
are junior staffs with ND, certificate from the farm training center or relevant institution.
The general objective of this department is to implement a cost effective unified extension
service through the principle training and visit (T&V) system of extension to increase
Dissemination of agricultural innovations and new technology through extension service agents
Agricultural extension is broadly define to include any non-formal education system whose
clientele are rural people and whose content is primarily agricultural (FAO) 1988)
The following extension method have been used to reach the farmers
1. the general agricultural extension method : the basic assumption with this method is that
technology and information are available which not used by farmers and if knowledge of
2. the commodity specialized method: the assumption here is to increase productivity and
production of a particular commodity and to groups, all function relating to it under one
administration
3. The training and visit method: (T&V) the basic assumption of this approach is that under the
ministry of agriculture, the extension workers are poorly trained lacking supervision and
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4. The agricultural extension participatory method: the assumption is that farmers have much
wisdom regarding production of food from their land. But their level of living could be
5. The project method approach. This method assumption is that a rapid agricultural and land
increase production.
6. The farming system development method approach: this method provides the technology
7. The cost sharing method approach: the assumption here is that, personnel are more likely to
serve local people interest if part of the cost of agricultural extension is paid locally by
farmers.
8. The education institutional method approach: the assumption is that faculties or colleges of
agriculture have technical knowledge which is relevant and useful to farmer, the purpose is to
1. Professionalism
3. Concentration of effort
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7. Linkage with research institution
3. Ensure or encourage farmers to adopt recommended practice at least on small portion of their
farms.
5. Reports farmers response to production recommendations and problems input demand and
availability and market condition to the BES and at fortnight training and BES meetings
9.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Despite the fact that the period of attachment was interested practical knowledge
acquisition privilege, it was also tedious and monotonous exercise which required both
Another major problem was that no provision offer to student for transportation despite
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Another problem was lack of support from the organization to students’ going on field
trips, as students have to contribute their own money to embark on such trips, for
example the field trip to Alh Aminu tukur farm (gesel integrated farm) in Bauchi local
government area of Bauchi state close to tafawabalewa local government was made
solutions are of paramount important. Some of these solutions could probably be cater by the
The industrial training allowances given to the student by the ITF agency should be on
monthly basis so as to help the student cater for their immediate financial problem.
The organization should make provision of transportation means during field trips.
CHAPTER FIVE
me to great deal of practical knowledge ,and has also proven the ability of the Bauchi state agricultural
development programme in impacting practical knowledge to the siwes students. The departments
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visited include the following agricultural technology service, agricultural extension services.
Knowledge was received through lectures, practicals, trips and some printed material.
5.2.0 Recommendation
I will like to recommend and advice the future SIWES students on the following
1. To see the program as a great opportunity towards bridging the gap between university
2. To be patient with their superiors and colleagues and learn as much as they can from the
program.
I will also like to recommend to the universities that they should at least assign a
supervisor to every student that will be visiting the students primary place of assignment
every two weeks from the inception of the program till when it elapses to checkmate if the
students is really getting the practical knowledge required of him, with that I think the
5.3.0 Conclusion
The SIWES program was an interesting one as it provided me with the opportunity to
superiors who are professional and passionate about their jobs, acquiring skills on how to carry
out various agricultural activities and acquainted with various equipment use in the organization
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(BSADP), better understanding of agricultural practices and there challenges which I see from a
different angle.
Basically, I will say I have been exposed to a working environment and I am prepared to
apply the practical skill and knowledge I have acquired in similar or related field of work.
My gratitude goes to the ITF for initiating the SIWES program and to the staff of BSADP for
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