RECALLS 1 EXAM (NP1)

Across all settings in the practice of nursing, nurses are confronted with ethical and legal issues related to client
care, thus, the professional nurse has the responsibility to be aware of the ethical principles, laws, and
guidelines related to providing safe and quality care to clients.

1. It is the branch of philosophy concerned with the distinction between right and wrong based on a body
of knowledge, not based only on opinions.
A. Morality
B. Ethics
C. Virtues
D. Values

2. The Code of Ethics serves as a guide for one’s actions. It aims to improve one’s discretion. All but one
of the following is embodied in the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics.

A. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the client, whether an individual, family, group or community
B. The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of clients
only under her direct care.
C. The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity
and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth
D. The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for
articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for
shaping social policy.

3. Aside from direct client care, the nurse assumes several roles in and out the health care setting and they
often carry out these roles concurrently rather than exclusively of one another. Which of the following
roles encompasses the ability to influence others to accomplice a specific goal?
A. Advocate
B. Leader
C. Communicator
D. Manager

4. Nurses pursue further education and fulfills expanded career roles. The nurse-midwife may perform the
following independently:
1. Prenatal Care
2. Postnatal Care
3. Manual evacuation of placenta
4. Manage deliveries in normal pregnancies
5. Pap Smears
6. Blood transfusion
7. Family planning
8. Clinical breast exam
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
B. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
C. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8
D. 1, 2, 4 and 7

5. Nurses are governed by civil and criminal law in roles as providers of services, employees of
institutions, and private citizens. A nurse who does not meet the standards of care may be held liable and
may be subjected to civil cases. What is a civil law?
A. Concerned with the enforcement of agreements among private individuals
B. Concerned with relationships among persons and the protection of a person’s rights
 C. Concerned with relationships between individuals and government, and with acts that threaten
society and its order
D. Civil wrong

A 16 years old client is to undergo a Cesarean Section. Nurse Rudy Baldwin is aware of the legal implication of
an informed consent. Informed consent serves as the client’s permission to perform surgery, perform a
treatment or procedure, or give information to a third party.

6. The client needs to be a participant in decisions regarding health care. The following are guidelines in signing
the informed consent.
1. A consent must be signed freely by the client without threat or pressure
2. Must be witnessed by anyone
3. If a client is declared mentally or emotionally incompetent, the next of kin, any guardian, or durable power of
attorney has legal authority to give consent.
4. A client has the right to refuse information
5. The client has the right to waive the informed consent and undergo treatment

A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B. 1, 3, 4
C. 1, 3, 4, 5
D. 1, 4, 5

7. In signing consents, the client should be mentally and emotionally competent. Who among the following
clients may sign the informed consent?
A. Declared incompetent
B. Under the influence of absinthe
C. Diagnosed with dysthymia
D. Unconscious

8. The mother of the client asks who should sign the consent. Nurse Rudy’s response should be guided by
which of the following principles?
A. The consent should be signed by anyone of legal age (18 years old)
B. A minor may give legal consent, but consent must be obtained from a parent or the legal guardian
C. Parental or guardian consent should be obtained before treatment is initiated for minor
D. An emancipated minor is considered legally capable of signing an informed consent

9. All of the following is a violation and invasion of client privacy, except:

A. Taking photographs of the client for medical purposes while she is in general anesthesia, and making sure to
put a black bar over the eyes upon print out
B. Drawing out the curtains while performing a medical procedure.
C. Intrusion by the health care agency regarding the client’s affairs
D. Leaving a confused or agitated client sitting in the nursing unit hallway.

10. The client asks if she needs a durable power of attorney. Upon assessment, Nurse Rudy concludes that
the client has an incorrect perception of the topic. Nurse Theo corrects this by stating that a durable
power of attorney:
A. Is the client’s right to identify written directions about the care that they wish to receive
B. Lists the medical treatments that a client chooses to omit or refuse if the client becomes unable to
make decisions and is terminally ill
C. Appoints a health proxy to make health care decisions on his/her behalf when the client can no
longer make decisions
D. Is an order written by a physician when a client has indicated a desire to be allowed to die.
Situation: Professional nurses need to provide integrated, cost-effective care to clients by coordinating,
supervising and collaborating or consulting with members of the multidisciplinary health care team. Nurse
works in the medical-surgical unit in a tertiary hospital in his place. Ever since he was a kid, Nurse Kit always
wanted to be a registered nurse. After passing the boards, he applied in the hospital. Ever since, he worked hard
and was committed to his profession. He is able to influence change and improvement among his staff nurses by
setting a good example. Because of his dedication to nursing and commitment to the institution’s mission-
vision, he was promoted as a nurse supervisor.

11. His subordinates follow him. Nurse Kit assumes the role of a/n:
A. Leader
B. Manager
C. Advocate
D. Communicator

12. Which among the theories of leadership and management applies to Nurse Kit?
A. Charismatic
B. Servant
C. Advocate
D. Transformational

13. As part of quality improvement, Nurse Kit is facilitating a meeting regarding the most effective nursing
delivery system. Nurse Kit asks type of health care delivery system is otherwise known as
A. Functional Nursing
B. Primary Nursing
C. Team Nursing
D. Client-focused care

14. The following are qualities of an effective leader and manager, except:
A. Independent
B. Credible
C. Risk-taker
D. Persuasive and influences employees

15. A new nursing graduate is attending an agency orientation regarding the nursing model of practice
implemented in the health care facility. The nurse is told that the nursing model is a team nursing approach. The
nurse understands that planning care delivery will be based on which characteristic of this type of nursing
model of practice?
A. A task approach method is used to provide care to clients
B. Managed care concepts and tools are used in providing care
C. A single registered nurse is responsible for providing care to a group of clients
D. A registered nurse leads nursing personnel in providing care to a group of clients

Situation: Verbal communication is extremely important especially when the Nurse is exploring problems and
disorders with the clients in any age group. Nurse Markus is assigned to different clients in the ward.

16. A client is hospitalized with a diagnosis of possible Cancer of the pancreas. On admission the
client asks the nurse, “Do you think I have anything serious like cancer? ”What is the nurse’s best
reply?
 A. “What makes you think you have cancer?
B. “I don’t know if you do, but let’s talk about it
C. “Why don’t you discuss this with your doctor?”
D. “Don’t worry, we won’t know until all the test result are back.”

17. Nurse Markus approaches a male client and asks how he is feeling. The client states “I’m feeling a bit
nervous today.” Which of the following is the Nurse’s best reply?

A. Please explain what you mean by the word nervous

B. What is making you feel nervous?
C. Would a backrub ease your nervousness?
D. You do look like you’re nervous

18. When assessing a client what statement would indicate negative self-talk?
A. Everyone has to learn something new sometime
B. I am looking forward to making home visits , but I am also nervous
C. This is going to be difficult, but I know I can do it
D. Who can ever have enough experience to prepare for that job?

19. While receiving a preoperative enema a client starts to cry and says. “I’m sorry you have to do this messy
thing me,” what is the best response by the nurse?
A. “I don’t mind it.”
B. “You seem to be upset.”
C. “This is part of my job.”
D. “Nurses get used to this.”

20. “But you don’t understand” is a common statement associated with adolescent. The best
response by the nurse when communicating with an adolescent is to say:
A.“I don’t understand.”
B. “I would like to understand, let’s talk.”
C.“I don’t understand. I was a teenager once too.”
D.“I’m not sure have to I believe it’s you who has to understand.”

Situation: A Problem Oriented Medical Recording (POMR) is the main source of information and
communication among nurses and other members of the health team. This allows conveying meaningful data
about client.

21. The care plan includes a nursing intervention “5/15/22 Measure client’s fluid intake and output. J. Santos,
RN.” What element of a proper nursing intervention has been omitted?
A. Action verb
B. Content
C. Time
D. None

22. Which charting entry would be the most defensible in court?

A. Client fell out of bed
B. Client drunk on admission
C. Large bruise on left thigh
D. Notified Dr. Jackson on BP of 90/40

23. A 74-year-old female is brought to the emergency department with complaints of right hip pain. The right
leg is shorter than the left and is extremely rotated. During inspection, Nurse Manny observes what appears to
be cigarette burns on the client’s inner thighs. Which of the following is the most appropriate documentation?
A. Six round skin lesions partially healed, on the inner thighs bilaterally
B. Several burned areas on both of the client’s inner thighs
C. Multiple lesions on inner thighs possibly related to elder abuse
D. Several lesions on inner thighs possibly related to elder abuse

24. When planning care for assigned clients, what care can the Head Nurse Dodong on a Medical- Surgical unit
safely delegate to a Novice nurse?
A. Evaluating the effectiveness of acetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol No 3)
B. Obtaining an apical pulse rate before administration of coral digoxin (Lanoxin)
C. Assisting a client who has patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to the bathroom
D. Assessing the wound integrity of client recovering from an abdominal laparotomy

25. The Nurse is assigned to care for four clients. In planning client rounds, which client would the Nurse
Dodong assess first?
A. A client receiving oxygen via nasal cannula who had difficulty breathing during the previous shift
B. A postoperative client preparing for discharge
C. A client scheduled for a chest X-ray
D. A client requiring daily dressing changes

Situation: One of the important roles of the Nurses is being a Health Educator. Clients would always seek
information on Health maintenance to prevent illness.

26. Nurse Deana is teaching a client about prescribe restricted diet. What is the Nurse’s best initial
comment?
A. “You can eat only the on this list.”
B. “What types of food do you usually eat?”
C. “You need to limit the intake of food on this list.”
D. “Do you understand why you have these food restrictions?

27. Nurse Deana is preparing a nursing care plan to a client with Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.) that includes before
discharge to know how to self-administer insulin, adjust the insulin dosage, understand the diet, and test the
serum for glucose level. The client progresses well and is discharge 5 days following admission. Legally the
A. Nurse was properly functioning as a health teacher
B. Visiting nurse should do health teaching in the client’s home
C. Family members also should have been taught to administer the insulin
D. Physician was responsible and the nurse should have cleared the care with the physician

28. Which teaching method has been evaluated as most effective in a new diabetic client?
A. Utilizing breaks after each unit of the teaching session
B. Having the client repeat the steps of insulin administration
C. Encouraging the client to ask many questions
D. Confirming that the client is able to give his own insulin

29. Which of the following statements by a client would alert the Nurse that further teaching on the idea of a
restful sleep is indicated?
A. I don’t take naps throughout the day
B. I go to bed and get up routinely at the same time each day
C. I have a small snack and take a bath before going to bed each day
D. I went to bed earlier than usual and I rested and watched television until I fall asleep

30. What can the Nurse do to support the client’s ability to sleep in the hospital setting?
A. Assess the client’s towards the end of the shift , closer to the normal awakening time
B. Darken the room as much as possible by keeping the lights off
C. Limit the noise and distraction on the unit
D.Provide a bath or shower before bedtime

Situation: Benhur, a charge nurse, is attending to the client with an intravenous fluid.

31. What does Nurse Benhur identify as the most likely cause of the infiltration of a client’s IV?
A. Excessive height of the IV solution
B. Failure to adequately secure the catheter
C. Lack of asepsis during catheter insertion
D. Infusion of chemically irritating medication

32. Another client has an IV infusion. If the IV infusion infiltrates, what should Nurse Benhur do first?
A. Elevate the IV site.
B. Discontinue the infusion.
C. Attempt to flush the tube.
D. Apply a warm, moist compress.

33. The Physician orders the application of a warm soak to an IV site that has infiltrated. Nurse Benhur
understands that the application of local heat transfer temperature to the body via the principles of:
A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Convection
D. Conduction

34. A Physician orders 2000 ml of 5% dextrose and 1⁄2 Normal Saline to infuse over 24 hours. The drop factor
is 15 drops per ml. Nurse Benjie sets the flow rate at how many drops per minute?
A. 15 drops per minute
B. 17 drops per minute
C. 21 drops per minute
D. 28 drops per minute

35. A Physician has ordered 1000 ml of intravenous fluid to another client to run at 45 drops per minute. Using
15 drops per cc dropper, approximately how long should the IVF run?
A. 4 hours
B. 4.5 hours
C. 5 hours
D. 5.5 hours

Situation: Four days after abdominal surgery a client has not passed flatus and there are no bowel sounds.
Paralytic Ileus is suspected.

36. Erika a medical ward nurse understands that this decrease in bowel function is most likely caused
by which situation?
A. Decrease blood supply
B. Impaired neural functioning
C. Perforation of the bowel wall
D. Obstruction of the bowel lumen

37. Another client in the ward has been prescribed of an Enema. During administration of an Enema, a client
complains of intestinal cramps. What should Nurse Erika do?
A. Give it at a slower rate
B. Discontinue the procedures
C. Stop until cramps are gone
D. Lower the height of the container
38. Simeon 48 year old is admitted for complaints of moderate to severe abdominal pain for 2 weeks. He has a
strong history of Cancer. Nurse Erika explains to a client who is schedule for a Barium enema that visualization
of the GI tract is made possible by the:
A. High x-ray absorbing properties of barium
B. Coloring of the intestinal wall with barium
C. High x-ray transmitting properties of barium
D. Chemical interaction between electrolytes and barium

39. Another client needs further laboratory studies like the 24-hour urine collection. When collecting a 24-hour
urine specimen, what should Nurse Erika do?
A. Check preservatives need to be added
B. Weigh the client before starting the collection
C. Discard the last voided specimen of the 24-hours period
D. Check the client’s intake and output for the previous 24-hour period

40. Nurse Erika is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark and amber, cloudy and has an
unpleasant odor. The Nurse would suspect the client has what condition?
A. A urinary tract infection
B. Urinary Incontinence
C. Urinary frequency
D. Urinary retention

Situation: Nurses in the Hospital must be aware to practice infection control to prevent transmission of
microorganisms and spread of infection.

41. The nurse understands that the main reason that sink faucets in a client’s room are considered contaminated
is that:
A. They are not in sterile areas
B. They are opened with dirty hands
C. large numbers of people use them
D. Water encourages bacterial growth

42. When the nurse washes the hands before and after caring for a client, the nurse understands that the most
important aspect of hand washing is:
A. Time
B. Soap
C. Water
D. Friction

43. The nurse is expected to apply a dressing to a client’s surgical wound using sterile technique.
While engaging in this activity, the nurse accidentally places a moist sterile gauze pad in the cloth sterile field.
The nurse understands that the sterile is now contaminated because of:
A. Dialysis
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Capillarity

44. The nurse is preparing to change a client’s dressing. Which statement best explains the basis of
surgical asepsis as it relates to this procedure:
A. Keep the area free of microorganisms.
B. Confine microorganisms to the surgical site.
C. Protect self from microorganisms in the wound.
D. Keep the number of opportunistic microorganisms to a minimum.
45. When assessing an obese client, the nurse identifies dehiscence (opening of suture) and evisceration
(protrusion of organs) of the abdominal surgical wound. After placing the client in the low-fowler’s position
with the knees slightly bent (DORSAL RECUMBENT – to relax abdominal and encouraging the client to lie
quietly, what should the nurse do next?
A. Notify the physician
B. Obtain the client’s vital signs.
C. Reinsert the protruding organs
D. Cover the wound with a sterile towel moistened with saline

Situation: Nurse Echo a senior nurse is monitoring the integumentary conditions of the clients in the ward
especially the skin ulcers. Pressure sores are serious problems and often diminish quality life of patients.

46. During the initial physical assessment of a newly admitted client with a pressure ulcer, Nurse Echo
identifies that the client is dehydrated and the skin is dry and scaly. He immediately applies emollients to the
client’s skin and reinforces the dressing on the pressure ulcer. Legally:
A. The nurse should have instituted a plan to increase activity
B. The nurse provided supportive nursing care for the well-being of the client
C. No treatment should have been instituted for the client until the physician’s orders were received
D. Debridement of the pressure ulcer should have been done by the nurse before the dressing was applied

47. Another emaciated older adult develops a large pressure ulcer after refusing to change position for extended
periods of time. The family is very upset, blames the nurses, and threatens to sue her. The decision in this suit
would take into consideration the fact that:
A. The client should be turned every hour
B. Pressure ulcer frequently occur in older clients
C. Nurses are not responsible to the client’s family
D. The nurse should uphold the client’s right not to be moved → ethically wrong

48. The Physician made his rounds and suspects a client with Melanoma also has primary Cancerous lesions in
the connective tissues. Nurse Echo understands that these lesions are classified as:
A. Sarcomas
B. Carcinomas
C. Collagenomas
D. Osteoblastomas

49. Nurse Echo is attending to a post-op client. In which position should the nurse place a client recovering
from general anesthesia?
A. Supine
B. Side-lying
C. High-flower
D. Trendelenburg

50. Nurse Echo applies an ice pack to a client’s leg for 20 minutes. Which clinical indicator would help Nurse
Echo determine the effectiveness of the cold application?
A. Local anesthesia
B. Peripheral vasodilation
C. Depression of vital sign
D. Decreased viscosity of blood

Situation: Intravenous administration requires meticulous observation and careful management. It is one of the
responsibilities of a nurse attending to the bedside.

51. The nurse is caring for a client with an IV who is experiencing dyspnea, hypotension, a weak, rapid pulse, a
decreased level of consciousness, and who is becoming cyanotic. The priority nursing intervention is to:
a. Notify the physician
b. Place the client in Trendelenburg position
C. Administer oxygen
d. Discontinue the IV

52. Which of the following evaluation does the nurse make when the venipuncture site has an observable
swelling and is tender and cool to touch?
a. An infection has developed
b. Bleeding into the surrounding tissue has occurred
c. The IV site was infiltrated
d. A phlebitis is developing

53. A client who is receiving a continuous intravenous therapy is complaining of sudden dyspnea, cough, and
tachycardia. The nurse auscultates crackles bilaterally. In determining what action to take next, which of the
following factors should the nurse consider?
a. The client is apprehensive about receiving continuous IV fluids
b. The client has developed a respiratory infection or pneumonia
c. The client is exhibiting signs of hypervolemia
d. The client is experiencing internal bleeding

54. Heparin 3,000 “u” in 1,000 mL of normal saline is to be administered IV over 24 hours via micro drip. The
nurse should administer how many units of Heparin per hour?
a. 635
b. 1,000
c. 1,250
d. 125

Situation: A number of clients in your unit are at risk of developing pressure sores. As a precaution, the
supervisor emphasizes the nurse’s responsibility in ensuring proper care of clients with problem of immobility.

55. To decrease the occurrence of pressure sores on Aling Stephanie, the nursing team’s goal is to reduce
pressure points. The MOST appropriate nursing intervention would be:
a. Elevate the head part of the bed as little as possible.
b. Massage over the bony prominences.
c. Use a “donut” cushion while the client is seated.
d. Place the client on a side lying position.

56. While assessing the clients assigned to your care, you observe that the client with the greatest
risk for developing a “bedsore” or pressure sore would be:
a. 4 year old girl in Buck’s traction.
b. 40 year old unconscious client.
c. 82 year old client who has had mild stroke.
d. 70 year old client with type 2 diabetes.

57. While assessing the pressure sore of a 75 year old client, the nurse documents that healing is not taking
place when she observes the presence of:
a. Eschar
b. Exudates
c. cGranulation tissue
d. Ragged edges around the wound
e. Granulation tissue

58. Which among the following food choices is considered as important in the diet of a patient with pressure
ulcer?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Vitamins and Minerals
c. Protein
d. Micronutrients

59. Which among the following food choices is considered vital to the development of collagen for faster
wound healing?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Vitamins and Mineral
C. Protein
d. Micronutrients

60. An elderly client fell from her bed and was observed by her daughter. The nurse in charge should write an
incident report (OBJECTIVE) containing the following, except:
a. Patient’s initials
b. Date, time, and place of incident
c. Blames on other staff nurses on duty
d. Daughter as witness to the incident

Situation: Infection control is one way of delivering quality nursing care, which makes it an essential
component of nursing practice. Nurse Charlene is conducting a class on aseptic technique and standard
precautions

61. Which of the following statements is correct and should be included in the discussion?
a. Standard precautions destroy the number of potentially infectious agents.
b. Medical asepsis is designed to decrease exposure to blood borne pathogens.
c. Medical asepsis is designed to confine microorganisms to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganisms.
d. The term standard precaution is synonymous with disease or category-specific isolation precautions.

62. The nurse knows that which of the following is the proper technique for medical asepsis?
A. Gloving for all client contact
b. Changing hospital linen weekly
c. Using your hands to turn off the faucet after hand washing
d. Gowning to care for a 1 year old child with infectious diarrhea

63. For which procedure would the nurse use aseptic technique and which would require the nurse to use sterile
technique?
a. Aseptic technique for changing the client’s linen and sterile technique for placing a central line
b. Aseptic technique for urinary catheterization in the hospital and sterile technique for cleaning surgical
wounds
c. Aseptic technique for a spinal tap and sterile technique for surgery
d. Aseptic technique for food preparation and sterile technique for starting an IV line

64. The nurse is to open a sterile package from the central supply. Which is the correct direction to open the
first flap?
a. Toward the nurse
b. Away from the nurse
c. To the nurse’s left and right
d. It does not matter as long as the nurse only touches the outside edge.
65. An adult has a draining pressure ulcer on her sacrum and she’s to be discharged to her daughter’s care. The
nurse has taught the client’s daughter to perform dressing changes. Which observation by the nurse indicates
that the daughter’s technique is done correctly?
a. She uses only sterile gloves to remove the old dressing
b. She irrigates the wound from the bottom upwards
c. She places the forceps to use to remove the old dressing on the sterile field
d. She washes her hands before gloving and after the procedure is done

Situation: Pain is an unpleasant and highly personal experience that may be imperceptible to others, while
consuming all parts of the person’s life. According to McCaffery, it is “whatever the person says it is,
and exists whenever he says it is.” Because of its highly sensitive nature, health-care providers must be keen in
assessing clients who are experiencing pain so that appropriate interventions may be delivered.

66. Which of the following pain intensity scales is specifically designated for neonates? It uses the
physiological indicators to assess behaviors that indicate pain
a. PAINAD scale
b. Wong-Baker FACES scale
c. CRIES scale
d. FLACC scale

67. Which of the following is the gold standard to determine if pain is present?
a. Behavioral signs
b. Self-report
c. Physiological indicators
d. Analgesia trial

68. Which of the following is true regarding Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

a. It minimizes the roller-coaster effect of peaks of sedation and valleys of pain.
b. Doctors are the ones who first provide the initial instructions on how to use PCA.
c. It allows the client to maintain a more constant level of relief yet need more medication for pain relief.
d. It makes pain management more effective even if oral management is possible.

69. What of the following explains the purpose of “lockout interval”?

a . It controls how much medication a client receives in a defined period of time.
b. It defines how frequent a patient can give himself a dose of the pain medication.
c. It controls the speed of the infusion of the pain medication.
d. It defines how much analgesia can the patient administer to himself should he experience breakthrough pain.

70. Which of the following should not be done to lessen any errors when using PCA?
a. Advise the family members to activate the PCA for the client should they feel that their loved one is in pain.
b. Monitor the ongoing therapy at least every 4 hours.
c. Two registered nurses should double-check the initial settings and for any changes in dose or medication and
both should document these on the medical record.
d. Check for the client’s pain, ability to understand and the use of the device at regular intervals

Situation: A 16-year old client is to undergo a Cesarean Section. Nurse Theo is aware of the legal implication of
an informed consent. Informed consent serves as the client’s permission to perform surgery, perform a
treatment or procedure, or give information to a third party.

71. The client needs to be a participant in decisions regarding health care. The following are guidelines in
signing the informed consent.
1. A consent must be signed freely by the client without threat or pressure
2. Must be witnessed by anyone
3. If a client is declared mentally or emotionally incompetent, the next of kin, any guardian, or durable power of
attorney has legal authority to give consent
4. A client has the right to refuse information
5. The client has the right to waive the informed consent and undergo treatment
A.1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B.1, 3, 4
C.1, 3, 4, 5
D.1, 4, 5

72. In signing consents, the client should be mentally and emotionally competent. Who among the following
clients may sign the informed consent?
A. Declared incompetent
B. Under the influence of absinthe
C. Diagnosed with dysthymia
D. Unconscious

73. The mother of the client asks who should sign the consent. Nurse Theo’s response should be guided by
which of the following principles?
A. The consent should be signed by anyone of legal age (18 years old)
B. A minor may give legal consent, but consent must be obtained from a parent or the legal guardian
C. Parental or guardian consent should be obtained before treatment is initiated for a minor
D. An emancipated minor is considered legally capable of signing an informed consent

74. All of the following is a violation and invasion of client privacy, except:
A. Taking photographs of the client for medical purposes while she is in general anesthesia, and making sure to
put a black bar over the eyes upon print out
B. Drawing out the curtains while performing a medical procedure
C. Intrusion by the health care agency regarding the client’s affairs
D. Leaving a confused or agitated client sitting in the nursing unit hallway

75. The client asks if she needs a durable power of attorney. Upon assessment, Nurse Theo concludes that the
client has an incorrect perception of the topic. Nurse Theo corrects this by stating that a durable power of
attorney:
A. Is the client’s right to identify written directions about the care that they wish to receive
B. Lists the medical treatments that a client chooses to omit or refuse if the client becomes unable to make
decisions and is terminally ill
C. Appoints a healthy proxy to make health care decisions on his/her behalf when the client can no longer make
decisions
D. Is an order written by a physician when a client has indicated a desire to be allowed to die.

Situation: Four days after abdominal surgery a client has not passed flatus and there are no bowel sounds.
Paralytic Ileus is suspected.

76. Nora a medical ward nurse understands that this decrease in bowel function is most likely caused by which
situation?
A. Decrease blood supply
B. Impaired neural functioning
C. Perforation of the bowel wall
D. Obstruction of the bowel lumen

77. Another client in the ward has been prescribed of an Enema. During administration of an Enema, a client
complains of intestinal cramps. What should Nurse Nora do?
A. Give it at a slower rate
B. Discontinue the procedures
C. Stop until cramps are gone
D. Lower the height of the container

78. Frank 48 year old is admitted for complaints of moderate to severe abdominal pain for 2 weeks. He has a
strong history of Cancer. Nurse Nora explains to a client who is schedule for a Barium enema that visualization
of the GI tract is made possible by the:
A. High x-ray absorbing properties of barium
B. Coloring of the intestinal wall with barium
C. High x-ray transmitting properties of barium
D. Chemical interaction between electrolytes and barium

79. Another client needs further laboratory studies like the 24-hour urine collection. When collecting a 24-hour
urine specimen, what should Nurse Nora do?
A. Check preservatives need to be added
B. Weigh the client before starting the collection
C. Discard the last voided specimen of the 24-hours period
D. Check the client’s intake and output for the previous 24-hour period

80. Nurse Nora is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark and amber, cloudy and has an
unpleasant odor. The Nurse would suspect the client has what conditions?
a. A urinary tract infection
b. Urinary incontinence
c. urinary frequency
d. urinary retention

Situation: Nurses in the Hospital must be aware to practice infection control to prevent transmission of
microorganisms and spread of infection.

81. The nurse understands that the main reason that sink faucets in a client’s room are considered
contaminated is that:
A. They are not in sterile areas
B. They are opened with dirty hands
C. large numbers of people use them
D. Water encourages bacterial growth

82. When the nurse washes the hands before and after caring for a client, the nurse understands that the most
important aspect of hand washing is:
A. Time
B. Soap
C. Water
D. Friction

83. The nurse is expected to apply a dressing to a client’s surgical wound using sterile technique.
While engaging in this activity, the nurse accidentally places a moist sterile gauze pad in the cloth sterile field.
The nurse understands that the sterile is now contaminated because of:
A. Dialysis
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Capillarity

84. The nurse is preparing to change a client’s dressing. Which statement best explains the basis of
surgical asepsis as it relates to this procedure:
a. Keep the area free of microorganisms.
B. Confine microorganisms to the surgical site.
C. Protect self from microorganisms in the wound.
D. Keep the number of opportunistic microorganisms to a minimum.

85.When assessing an obese client, the nurse identifies dehiscence and evisceration of the abdominal surgical
wound. After placing the client in the low-fowler’s position with the knees slightly bent and encouraging the
client to lie quietly, what should the nurse do next?
A. Notify the physician
B. Obtain the client’s vital signs.
C. Reinsert the protruding organs
D. Cover the wound with a sterile towel moistened with saline

Situation: Cara is an RN is a newly hired staff nurse at Imus Medical Center. As a novice nurse and manager,
Cara observes several leadership styles displayed by other nurses.

86. Cara understands she is expected to lead. Leadership is defined as:

A. Being in a staff nurse utilizing authority to control and power over subordinates and patients.
B. A process where a person utilizes interpersonal relationship that influences others toward goal achievement.
C. Plans, organizes and maintains quality care to patients.
D. A head nurse watching over other staff nurses perform patient care correctly and render safe quality patient
care.

87. Cara’s manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather than being served. She takes time to listen,
prefers to be a teacher first before being a leader. Cara’s manager displays leadership that is characteristic of a:
A. Transformational leader
B. Transactional leader
C. Servant leader
D. Charismatic leader

88. Cara’s head nurse fostered creativity among staff members. Fostering creativity among the team is a
characteristic of which leadership style?
A. Participative
B. Directive
C. Permissive
D. Bureaucratic

89. On the other hand, Cara notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has charismatic leadership style. Which of
the following behaviors best describes this style?
A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and regards him with reverence
B. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive results
C. Uses visioning as the core of his leadership
D. Matches his leadership style to the situation at hand.

90. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of the
following theories?
A. Trait
B. Charismatic
C. Great Man
D. Situational

Situation: Nurses are expected to be leaders making difference in the health care setting- hospitals, clinics,
communities and other organizations.

91. Why leadership plays a vital role in the nursing profession?

A. It is not really important for nurses.
B. Nurses have expert knowledge and are interacting with and influencing the clients.
C. Nurses should know how to direct people towards accomplishment of goals
D. Nurses should always strive for higher positions in the organization.

92. Cara understands that a Theory which states that the Leadership style is dependent on the situation. Which
of the following styles best fits a situation when the followers are self-directed, highly motivated, experts and
matured individuals?
A. Participative
B. Directive
C. Permissive
D. Bureaucratic

93. Cara would like to be a Transformational leader. Which of the following statements best describes this type
of leadership?
A. Uses visioning as the essence of leadership.
B. Serves the followers rather than being served.
C. Maintains full trust and confidence in the subordinates
D. Possesses innate charisma that makes others feel good in his presence.

94. Claudette RN is a head nurse assigned at the Intensive Care Unit of a Secondary Level Hospital. As a
manager, Claudette is expected to display effective conflict resolution skills. Which of the following is true
about conflict?
A. It seldom occurs as part of the change process in health care settings.
B. It highlights differences in values, belief, or actions.
C. It is automatically negative
D. It discourages creativity and innovation.

95. Conflict that occurs between groups or teams is called:

A. Interpersonal
B. Intrapersonal
C. Organizational
D. Dysfunctional

Situation: Nurse Kate is the head nurse of the male medical ward in a tertiary specialized hospital handling
multiple cases in her unit. It is imperative that she is equipped with the basic managerial skills.

96. In this conflict resolution method, a person ignores his or her own feelings about an issue in order to agree
with the other side.
A. Collaborating
B. Confronting
C. Accommodating
D. Withdrawing

97. With this method of conflict resolution, each side gives up something as well as gets something:
A. Negotiating
B. Competing
C. Avoiding
D. Compromising

98. Nurse Kate feels uncomfortable believing that she is the scapegoat of everything that goes wrong in her
department. Which of the following is the best action that she must take?
A. Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction
B. Disregard what she feels and continue to work independently
C. Seek help from the Director of Nursing
D. Quit her job and look for another employment.

99. Which of the following is a characteristic of decision-making?

A. it only involves logical, rational thought
B. it is often the result of many incremental steps rather than one large step.
C. It must always be done quickly in the health care setting. → not quickly unless emergency
D. they generally do not assume another person’s point of view. → should assume

100. Which of the following is true about effective creative thinkers?

A. They seldom generate new ideas and alternatives.
B. They often say, “We’ve always done it this way, so let us do it this way again.”
C. They tend to analyze the components of a problem.
D. They generally do not assume another person’s point of view.