Xi New English Book Poem Notes

By Sir Mukhtiar Ahmed RTS Ghotki
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SECTION-B:POETRY
All Poems notes of first year English New Book (STBB)
Notes of all seven Poems available in PDF
SECTION-B:POETRY
Poetry.
"Expressionoffeelingsandideasinanimaginativestylewithdistinctive rhythm, rhyme, and meter."
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
1. Line
2. Foot
3. Meter
4. Stanza
5. Rhyme
6. Rhymingpattern
7. Freeverse
FORMS AND GENRES OF POETRY
1. Lyric
2. Sonnet
3. Elegy
4. Ode
5. Ballad
6. Epic
POETIC DEVICES AND FIGURES OF SPEECH
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Hyperbole
5. Alliteration
6. Onomatopoeia
7. Oxymoron
8. Irony
9. Symbol
10. Imagery
Exercise1
Answerthefollowingquestions.Writedownyouranswersinyour notebook, and share it with your class fellows once
you have completed.
1. Whatismeantbyrhymeinpoetry?
Ans.'Thesamesoundattheendofpoeticlines'ismeantrhymein poetry.
2. Whatismeterinpoetry?
Ans.Meterfunctionsasameansofimposingaspecificnumberof syllables in a line of poetry.
3. Whataredifferentkindsofstanza?
Ans. Stanza is the division of a poem in a certain number of lines
havingthesamemeter,rhyme,andaunifyingideaorimage.Stanzais of the following kinds.
1. Acouplet(twolinesstanza)
2. ATercet(threelinesstanza)
3. Quatrain(fourlinesstanza)
4. Quaintain(fivelinesstanza)
5. Sestet(sixlinesstanza)
6. Octave(eightlinesstanza)
Q4.Whatisasonnet?
Ans.ThewordSonnetmeansalittlesong.Sonnetisa14line lyrical poem divided into two stanzas: an octave and
sestet. The sonnet's three main types are the Italian, the English and the Spenserian.
Q5.Whatisfunctionofthepoeticdevices?
Ans.Themainfunctionofthepoeticdevicestoenhancethemeaning or mood of the poem.
Exercise2.
Q1.Whattypeofpoemisit?Explainandjustifyyouranswer?
Ans. "The Sonnet Composed Upon the Westminster Bridge" is a natural poet. It reveals the morning nature of
London. Wordsworth was the poet of nature. He depicts the natural beauty of the
commercialcityearlyinthemorning,whenthereiseveryoneindeep sleep. He stands on the bridge above the river
Thames. From the bridge, he emphasizes the pure nature free from pollution of smoke from ships, mills and
other buildings.
Q2.Howmanystanzasarethereinthepoemandwhat aretheycalled? Ans. There are two stanzas in the poem.
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They are called Octave (first eight lines) and Sestet (second six lines). Because the poem is a sonnet.
Q3.Writedowntherhymingschemeofthepoem?
Ans.Thefirsteightlinesrhymingschemeis:ABBA,ACCA.Andthe next six lines rhyming scheme is: ABABAB.
Exercise3.
Work individually, read the elements of poetry and find out which of the following statements are correct and
incorrect. For correct statementsputatick(✓)andforincorrectones,putacross(X).After completing, compare your
answers with your partner.
No. Statements. Correct/incorrect.
1. Twolineswhichrhymeattheendarecalledacouplet.(Correct✓)
2. Thereisnoconvenientwayofsettingoutapatternof rhymes. (incorrect X)
3. Imageryistheuseoffigurativelanguagetorepresentobjects, actions, and ideas. (incorrect X)
4. Usuallyasonnetiscomprisedof14lineshavingcertainrhyming scheme. (Correct ✓)
5. Balladisexpressedforsorrow,griefordeath.(IncorrectX)
6. Ametaphorstatesexplicitlythatonethingislikeanother.(Correct✓)
Exercise4
Workinpairs.Readthefollowingexamplesofvariousfiguresofspeech and write the name of corresponding figures of
speech against each.
Onceyouhavecompleted,shareitwithyourpartner.
Examples FiguresofSpeech
1. Toenterinthethoughtsofdesperatemen.(Personification)
2. Theyspeaklikesaintsandactlikedevils.(Simile)
3. Howcouldhebeaking,asoldierandapeon?(AntiClimax)
4. Howhigh,hishighnessholdshishaughtyhead.(Alliteration)
5. Whatavailme,allmyKingdoms?(Hyperbole)
6. Hastenslowly.(Oxymoron)
7. NotthatIlovedCaesarless,butthatIlovedRomemore.(Antithesis)
8. Lifeisadream.(Metaphor)
9. Shewasasproudasapeacock. (Simile)
10. Morehaste,lessspeed.(Paradox)
Exercise5
Work individually. Read the following sentences and convert them as
directedinthebracketsagainsteach.Youcanaddnewwordsinthese sentences while converting these. Share your work
with your class fellows once you have completed.
1) Heisassoberasajudge.(Simile)
2) Shewasatowerofstrengthintheirtrouble.(Metaphor)
3) Necessityknowsnolaw.(personification)
4) Heisthewisestfoolofthemall.
(Oxymoron)
5) Theprofessor'sideasareasoldasthehills.(Hyperbole)
6) Thefirestationburneddownlastnight. (Irony) Exercise 6
Mostofthefiguresofspeechareverycommoninourdailyuse.Work
in pairs and collect as many other common examples of above
mentionedfiguresofspeechinExercise4.Onceyouhavedone,display them in front of the class by writing on the
charts.
Poem1"The Character of a Happy Life."
Exercise1.
Column A has words from the poem, underline these words in the poem. Column B has the contextual meanings
of these words, but they are jumbled up. Work in pairs. Try and match the appropriate meaning
ofeachword,andwriteyouranswerinColumnC.Shareyourworkwith your partner after you have completed.
Words Meanings
1. Passions strongemotions(1h)
2. Armor. Ametalliccoveringtoprotectfromattack.(2d)
3. Rumors. Unverifiedordoubtfulinformation.(3a)
4. Conscience. Moralsenseofrightandwrong.(4e)
5. Retreat. Moveback.(5b)
6. Servilebands.Slavishbonds(6g)
7. Envy. Jealous(7c)
8. Ruin. destruction (8f)

Exercise2.
Work in pairs and read the above poem again. Comprehend it thoroughly and paraphrase it in simple words.
After you have completed,shareitwithyourpartner.Thestanza-1isparaphrasedfor you as an example.
Stanza1.
In the first stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man does not
rely on others. He does not work according to others' will. He is neither a slave nor needs any
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weapontoprotecthimself.Hishonestyishisonlyweapon.Hebelieves in simple truth of life. This simple truth is his
reliable skill.
Stanza2.
In the second stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that how a happy man
should regard his passions. They shouldn’t be his masters. He should be the master of his passions
oremotions.HeshouldControlthepassionatelife.Furtherhesaysthat a truly happy man does not aspire for the love
of the worldly fame. He also does not care for the criticism against him in his absence. He always remains ready
for the imminent death.
Stanza3.
In the third stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man is
neither jealous of those who arebestowedsuccessbychance,nordoesheenvythosewhoachieve success by adopting
unfair or wicked means. He is happy with what does he has.
He knows that false praise always brings deep wounds that are very
difficulttoheal.Soheneverbehappywithanypraise.Moreover,he followstherules goodness anddoes adopt the rules
of Politicsin his life.
Stanza4.
In the fourth stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man is free
from rumors. He neither tries to come into contact with those who spread the rumors nor
influencedbythem.Healwayslistentothevoiceofconscienceandis guided by it. He possesses a well-balanced mind.
Neither flattery nor the fear of ruin can change the state of his mind. He remains firm in every situation of life.
Stanza5.
Inthefifthstanzaofthepoem'TheCharacterofa HappyLife'Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man always prays to
God every day early in the morning and late in the evening in order to lead a happy life. Hedoesso
toobtainthegrace ofGod rathertoworldlyfame.He enjoys
freetimebyreadingtheholybooksandgivingtimetohisfriends.He avoids to harm or to backbite in his free time.
Stanza6.
In the sixth and last stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life '
SirHenryWottonsaysthatahappymanlivesalifefreeofslavery.Heis independent in his thought and action. He is free
from all kinds of hopes and fears. He does not feel overjoyed by his achievement, no does he get hurt by failure.
He possess a self-controlled life. Though he does not have any property, even he enjoys the life of a king because
he is the emperor of his own life. So he does not have any material property but he is rich in spiritualism.
Exercise3.
Readthepoemagainandencircletherightoption.
1. Thestrongretreatforahappymanishis .
a. Heart. b.Though.c.Mind.d.Conscience
2. Accordingtothepoet,ahappymancaresmuchabout .
a. Worldlyneeds.b.Materialuplift.c.Character.d.Finance
3. A happy man'sarmorishis thought.
a. Clever.b.Honest.c.Deep.d.Lofty
4. A happy man's days are .
a. Joyful.b.Carefree.c.Harmless.d.Playful
5. istheutmostskillofanhonestman.
a. Truth.b.Honesty.c.Simplicity.d.Wisdom.
6. Ahappy mandoesnotserve another's .
a. Order.b.Direction.c.Wish.d.Will
7. Ahappyman'ssoulisalwayspreparedfor .
a. Exams.b.Fight.c.Quarrel.d.Death
8. Accordingtothepoet,thedeepestwoundsarealwaysgivenby .
a. Back-biting.b.Praise.c.Trust.d.Friendshi
Exercise4.
Work is pairs and pick out the line(s) from 'The Character of a Happy Life' in which the poet has identified each of
the following characteristics of a happy men. Write their corresponding character
againsteachqualityinthetabegivenbelow.Onceyouhavecompleted, compare you work with your partner.

Characteristicsline(s)
1. Thatservethnotanother'swill
2. Whosearmorishishonestthought.
3. Simpletruthishisutmostskill
4. Whosepassionsnothismastersare.
5. Untieduntotheworldbycareofpublicfame,orprivatebreath.
6. Whoenviesnonethatchancedothraise,norvice:
7. Thismanisfreedfromservilebands Of hope to rise, or fear to fall.
8. Who God doth late or early pray
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MoreofHisgracethangiftstolend.
Qualities.
1. Independence
2. Honesty
3. Truthfulness
4. Ambition
5. Self-control
6. Envy
7. Nogreed
8. Piety
Exercise5
Readthepoemagainandanswerthelowingquestions.
1. Whatdoesthepoetmeanwhenhesaysthathappymandoesnot serve another's will?
Ans:A Happy man doesnot serve another's will. Here the poetmeans
thatahappymanalwayslistenstohisheart.Hedoesnotactuponthe directions given to him by others. He never
listens to other while deciding the cases of his life. He is the king of his life.
2. Explainbriefly,howSirHenryWotton'shappymanis'havingnotyet has all'?
Ans. The poet wants to say that the happy man is free from all kinds of the worldly restraints. He is contended
within his means. He is the master of his will. He has a spiritual power. He has no wealth, land
andproperty,buthehasaconstantconsciencethatkeepshimhappy in condition of life.
3. Whatahappymanistaughtfromhisverybirth?
Ans.'Don'tfollowanother'swill'istaughttoahappymanfromhis very birth.
4. Write the central idea of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life'.
Ans.Thepoem"TheCharacterOfAHappyLife"givesusanideathata happy life is obtained by establishing a
character with good qualities of a peaceful life. A person who always speaks the truth, thinks and acts in a free
manner and does not care about worldly temptations; but remains thankful, humble and patient within his/her
life: truly represents the character of a happy life.
5. Write the rhyming scheme of the poem. Ans. The rhyming scheme of
the poem is. abab,cdcdandsoon(similarthingsoretc)
6. Whatarethesourcesofhappinessotherthanthosementionedin the poem?
Ans.Othersourcesofhappinessarekeepyourparentshappy.To offer pray deeply.
Exercise6.
Work individually and identify the poetic devices in the poem. Make a
listofandusetheminyoursentences.Shareyourworkwithyourclass follows after you have completed.
Ans.Thepoeticdevicesusedinthepoemaregivenbelow.
1. Alliteration.(Repetitionofsamesoundwords.'flattersfeed,fear and fall)
2. Repetition(somewordsarerepeatedinaline.'rules'
3. Anaphora(repetitionofwordsbuthavingdistances.'whose')
Exercise7.
Work in pairs and give a critical appreciation of the poem based on the
followingaspects.Afteryouhavewritten,compareyourworkwithyour partner.
1. PoeticDiction.
2. Theme.
Therearetwoprominentthemesinthepoemi.e.Freedomand Morality.
Freedom.
Heseesfreedom–fromother’scontrol,ofthought,fromemotions, from other’s opinions.
Morality:
Hebelievesthatpeopleshouldstrivetowardsthetruthandhonesty.Theotherthemesofthepoemcanalsobe:happiness,
joy,simplicity, and religion.
3. Structure.
The Character of a Happy Life’ by Sir Henry Wotton is a six stanza poemthatis
dividedintosetsoffourlines,knownas quatrains.These
quatrainsfollowasimplerhymeschemeofABABCDCD,andsoon.He also uses the poetic devices as repetition,
alliteration and anaphora.
4. Message.
The Character of a Happy Life' is a simple, straightforward poem in
whichSirHenryWottonsetsouttheprinciplesofagoodlifeandwhat a man should avoid at all costs. The poem
addresses themes of happiness, joy, simplicity, and religion.
Exercise8.
Work in groups of three. Compose your own poem on the theme of happiness using elements of poetry based
on three stanzas. Each member of the group should compose one stanza. After your group
hascomposedthepoem,exchangeitwithothergroups. (SelfWork)
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Exercise9.
Workindividuallyandexplainthefollowingstanzas.Wrotedownyour work in the note book and share it with your
class fellows after you have completed.
Stanza1.Explanation
The poet says that a happy man is the one who is independent in his thinking and action. He is not a slave of
other man. He does not act as otherwantshimto.Heishonestinhisconductanddealwithsomeone ever.
Honesty is the only weapon with which a happy man protect himself. He is truthful and lives a happy and
honorable life. Truthfulness is his greatestqualityforwhichheishonored.Duetosuchqualitiesheleads a happy life
free from any kinds of negativity.
Stanza2.Explanation.
thepoetsaysthatthemanwhoisnotaffectedbyhispassionisahappy man. He is not moved by a strong desire such as
anger and hatred and love. He has a balanced temper. His sound is not filled by death.
A truly happy man doesnotaspire forthe love ofa princenordoes he
careforthecriticismofthecommonman.Inotherwords,hedoesnot care for the worldly pleasures of our sorrows.
Nothing affects his goal of life. Such qualities help him lead a happy life forever.
Stanza3.Explanation
The poet says that a happy man is never jealous of those who have risentoeminencebysheerchanceand
notbytheirmeritorhardwork.
Nor does he envy those who achieve success by adopting unfair or
wickedmeans.Ahappymanisfreefrombadhabits.Theworldisfullof deceitful people, who praise in our face and stab
us in the back.
He knows that false praise always brings deep wounds that are very difficult to heal. Moreover, he does not carry
for the so-called rules formedbytheautocraticgovernmentwhicharenotintheinterestof the people. A happy man
observes the rules that are based on goodnessandrighteousnessandpromotethewell-beingofmankind.
Stanza 4 Explanation
The poet says that a happy man is free from rumours. Neither he
believesinthemnorisheinfluencedbythem.Healwayslistentothe voice of his conscience and is guided by it.
Hepossessesawell-balancedmindthatisfreefromworldlyanxieties and worries. He is very careful about flatters. He
is not influenced by false praise and flattery does not feel him with pride.
Evencruelandunjustpeoplecannotcausehim anyharmbecausehe does not believe in them. Such a man is, does,
always a happy man.
Stanza 5 Explanation
Thepoetsaysthatinordertoleadahappylife,amanshouldprayto God everyday in the morning as well as in the evening.
He should do so not to seek worldly things about to obtain God’s
blessingsandmercy.Heshouldnotharmanybody,atanytimeinthe whole day.
Instead,heshouldindulgeinentertaininghimselfforbypassinghistime inreadinggoodbooks orinthe companyofgoodfriend
suchaman can lead a happy life.
Explanation
In this stanza, the poet says that in order to lead a happy life, a man
shouldbefreefromthechanceofslavery.Heshouldbeindependentin his thought and action.
A happymanisfree fromall kindsof hopes andfears. He does not feel
overjoyedbyhisachievement,nordoeshegetdisheartenedbyfailure.
He will possess self-control, though, he does not have any property in his position. He may not be the master of wealth or
land, but he is alwaysself-contented.Thoughhemaybepoor,hehasself-respectand freedom.
POEM 2 “DON'T QUIT”
PreReadings
1. Readaboutthefollowingfamouspersonalitieswhoturnedtheir failures into success.
Ans:AbrahamLincoln,AlbertEinsteinandJ.K.Rowling.
2. Whatcomestoyourmindafterreadingthem?
Ans:Afterreadingthemitcomestomymindthatcomewhatmay happen one should not quit...
Exercise1.
Column A has words from the poem; underline these words in poem. Column B has the contextual meanings of
these words, but they are jumbledup.Workinpairs.Tryandmatchtheappropriatemeaningof eachword,and
writeyouranswerinColumnC.Shareyourworkwith your partner after you have completed.
Words.Meanings
1. trudge.towalkslowly
2. quittostop
3. queer.strange
4. Pace.speed
5. twist.Anunexpectedchange
6. Stuck.caught
7. tint.shade
8. sigh.alongdeepbreath.
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Exercise2
1. Thefigureofspeechin"Thesilvertintofthecloudofdoubt"is .
a. personification.b.metaphor.c.onomatopoeia.d.simile
2. 'Whenthingsseemworst',weshould .
a. runaway.b.takesomeotherway.c.stopmovingahead.d. sticktothem.
3. "Youmightsucceedwithanotherblow",meansyou .
a. givetheblow.b.receivetheblow.c.continuestruggle.d.withdraw the struggle
4. Thestrugglerlearnstoolatethathe .
a. wasunabletostruggleb.wasclosetohisvictoryc.shouldhave taken rest. d. should have quit
5. Themoralofthe poemisthatweshould .
a. facechallengesoflifeb.enjoysuccess.c.runawayfromthe hardships of life. d. only think positively
6. 'So sticktothefight whenyou're .
a. hardesthit.b.betrayedc.unhappy.d.unlucky
7. The phrase 'golden crown' means .
8. a wealth
b. power
c. victory
d. throne
9. Inthefirststanzaofthepoem,theword'sigh'symbolizes .
a. happinessb.regretc.couraged.pain
Exercise3
Workinpairsandreadtheabovepoemagain.Comprehendthoroughly and paraphrase it in simple words. After you
have completed, share it with your partner.
Stanza1
In the first stanza of the poem "Don't Quit' Edgar A Guest says that a man should not give up come what may
happen. He should continue hisstruggletoachievesuccess.Ifhisdebtsarehigherthanhisfunds.If
hewantstosmilebuthecan't.Ifhiswaytothedestinationishard.He must take a break for sometime, but shouldn't
stop his efforts...
Stanza2
In the second stanza of the poem "Don't Quit", the poet Edgar A
Guestsaysthatlifeisfullofupsanddowns.Itteachesusthatafter failure comes the utmost success. So one should
not leave his struggle, if sometimes, speed is slow. At last he will achieve the success in life.
Stanza3
Inthethirdstanzaofthepoem"Don'tQuit",thepoetEdgarAGuest says that a man's goal is closer but he does not
know due to his changing mind. A failure person often leaves his struggle when the victory is close him,
because he is not determined. So one should never give up in his life till the last breath.
Stanza4
Inthefourthandlaststanzaofthepoem"Don'tQuit",thepoetEdgar A Guest talks about success. Success is inside
the failure. Of one fails, one should not worry about because success comes after failure. One should continue
his efforts ultimately he will achieve success.
Exercise4
Readthepoemagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1. Whatisthepoet'smessageinthefirststanza?
Ans. The poet's message in the first stanza is that a man should not worried about his condition. Whatever
tension he does have he should not take his steps back. He should set out his planandshould
continuehiseffortstoachievehistargettillthelastbreathofhislife.
2. Whichlinesofthepoemdoyoulikethemostandwhy?
Ans.
Lifeisqueerwithit'stwistsandturns, As everyone of us sometimes
learns,
Iliketheabovelinesofthepoemmostbecausetheyarebasedonthe realities of life. Our life is full of ups and downs
and we learn a lot while going through them.
4. Findsimiles,metaphorsandalliterationsinthepoem. Ans.
Similes
"Whenthingsgowrong,astheysometimeswill."
Metaphor
'Successisfailureturnedinsideout.' The silver tint of clouds of doubt.
Alliteration:
"Lifeisqueerwithitstwistsandturns”
5. Discusshowthepoemhelpsthereadertobeoptimisticinevery situation.
Ans. The poem helps the reader to be optimist in every situation of life.
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Repeatedly,itboundsthethemtocontinuetheirstruggles.Come what may happen they shouldnot give upintheir
efforts. To face the challenges of life positively is the main purpose of the poem.
6. Whateffectdoesthepoemcreateonthereader?
Ans.Thepoemcreatesapositiveeffectonthereader.Itteachesthat in every situation of life a man should be
optimist.
7. Whatisthemessageofthepoem?
Ans. The message of the poem is that one should be determined,
persevered,optimist,andshouldhaveawillpower.He/sheshould not give up while time goes
againsthim/her.He/sheshouldwaitbutnevershouldquit.Atlast, he/she will achieve an utmost success.
8. Whydoesthepoettermlife'queerwithtwistsandturns'?
Ans. The poet terms life 'queer with twists and turns' in order to tell
usthatthelifeisfullofupsanddowns.Soweshouldnotbeworried while downs or ups come in our life.
9. What is the benefit of not quitting as suggested in the
poem?Ans.Thebenefitofnotquittingassuggestedinthepoemisutmost success. If one does not quit come
what may happen, one will definitely reach to its destination.
Exercise5
listofthemandusetheminyoursentences.Shareyourworkwithyour class fellows after you have completed.
Ans.ThefollowingPoeticdevicesareusedinthepoem
1. Antithesis Example
Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh.
2. Anaphora Example
Whenthingsgowrong,astheysometimeswill, Whentheroadyou’re trudging seems all uphill, When the funds are
low and the debts are high
3. Alliteration:
Example.
"Lifeisqueerwithitstwistsandturns".
4. Simile:
Example
“Whenthingsgowrongastheysometimeswill”.
5. Personification. Example.
"Thesilvertintofthecloudsofdoubt"
6. Metaphor. Example.
"Success is failure turned inside out

Thesilvertintofthecloudsofdoubt".
Exercise.6
Workinpairsandgiveacriticalappreciationofthepoembasedonthe following aspects. Compare your work with your
partner.
1. PoeticDiction
Inthepoemthefamiliarwordsareused.Thevocabularyissimplebut
figurative.Somanyfigurativedevicesareused.Thepoetenjoyswhile using the concerned diction in the poem.
2. Theme
The theme of this poem is perseverance. No matter what one is dealing with within one's life, it is important to
be determined, confident,andtrynottoquit,nomatterwhattheoutcomeseemsto be.
3. Structure
‘Don’t Quit’ by Edgar Albert Guest is a four-stanza poem. Each stanza
hassixlines.Itisthoroughlydividedintotwentyfourverses.Aperfect rhyming scheme is also used... The rhyming
scheme is AABBCC and so on.
4. Language
The poet has used figurative language in the poem "Don't Quit." Multiples figures are used to beautiful the
poem. The difficult words arenotusedbutthewordswhichareusedhavehiddenmeanings.All in all, the language is
understandable.
5. Message
The message of the poem is that one should be determined,
persevered,optimist,andshouldhaveawillpower.He/sheshould not give up while time
Goes agains thim/her.He/sheshould wait but never should quit.Atlast, he/she will achieve an utmost success.
Exercise7
Workindividuallyandexplainthefollowingstanzas.Writedownyour work in the notebook and share it with your
class fellows.
Stanzas. Lines
1. Whenthingsgowrong butdon'tyouquit
Inthefirststanzaofthepoem,thereadershould
immediatelytakenoteofthepoet’suseofanaphora.This occurs when the writer repeats the same
word or phrase at the beginning of multiple lines. In this case, four of the five lines of the first
stanza begin with the word “when."
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Theselinessetupaseriesofinstancesinwhichreaders are going to have to persevere through the

hardest moments in their lives. For example, the poet says that when “the funds are low, and
the deaths are high” or when “the road you’re trudging seems all uphill,” it is important to rest
“if you must, but don’t you quit.”
The maintheme of the poemis revealed in the fifthline

ofthestanza.Readersshouldwalkawayfrom thepoem
aftertheyfinishallfourstanzaswithnewfoundstrength and determination to persevere through
any hardship they might have to deal with.
2. Lifeis queer withanotherblow

Inthesecondstanza,thespeakeremphasizeshowcomplicatedlifeis. It
isnotgoingtoplayoutthewaythatoneexpects.Thespeakerdescribesa “fellow” who turns away from hardship rather
than persevering. This person would’ve “won” if he had “stuck it out.” The speaker uses this
veryvagueexampleasawaytoinspirereaderstopersevere,nomatter if the issue they’re dealing with seems
impossible. In combination with descriptions of perseverance, the speaker uses endurance-based images that
compare working hard to get through a tough time to running at a consistent speed, or “pace.”
Thesecondstanzaendswiththespeakersayingthatoften,theendis closer than it seems, especially when one is “faint
and faltering” (a great example of alliteration and imagery)
3. Oftenthegoal tothegoldencrown.
The third stanza is the shortest of the three. It returns to the same images that the poet used in the previous two
stanzas, asking readers to remember how important it is to continue working hard no matter how negative the
situation is. Just like the “fellow” in the previous
stanza,here,thespeakerreferstoa“struggler”whowould’vecaptured the “victors cup” if he had not given up. The
speaker also
usesmetaphors like “the golden crown” to refer to success in the broadest of terms. This could be a financial
success, success in a relationship,adifficultfamilymatter,oranyotherissuethatonehasto deal with.
4. Successisfailure.......
thatyoumustn'tquit.
In the final stanza, the speaker says that “success is failure turned inside out.” Here, the speaker is trying to
emphasize the fact that in failureorinstruggle,successisalwaysthere.Onehastoseethe“silver tint of the clouds of
doubt” and know that happiness and success are
closeby.It’swhenthingsseemthehardestthatone“mustnotquit.”
Thepoemendswiththesamefewwordsthatthefirststanzausedinits final line. This helps create a unified feeling and
reminds readers of the central theme that they were introduced to at the beginning of the poem.
Exercise8
Workingroupsofthree.Composeyourownpoemonthethe themeof 'Don't Give Up', using elements of poetry based
on three stanzas. Each member of the group should compose 1 stanza. After your group composed the poem,
exchange it with other groups. (Self Work)
Poem3.OZYMANDIAS
PreReading.
1.Readthefollowingquoteandguessthethemeofthepoem. "Graveyard are full of the people who thought themselves
indispensable".
Ans. I think the theme of the poem would be definitely about the mortalityofallthingsin theworld.
Inthegraveyardsyouwillfind the gravesofthosepeopletoowhothoughtthemselvesasthelordofthe world.
Exercise1.
Column A has words from the poem; underline these words in the
poem.ColumnBhasthecontextualmeaningsofthesewords,buttheyare jumbled up. Work in pairs. Try and match
the appropriate meaning ofeachword,andwriteyouranswerinColumnC.Shareyourworkwith your partner after you
have completed.
Words. Meanings
1. frown. adispleasingorconcentratingface(d)
2. visage. ahumanoranimalface(g)
3. sculptor. anartistwhomakessculpture(b)
4. mock. makefunof(e)
5. pedestal. thebaseofsculpture(f)
6. colossal. huge(c)
7. remains. thepartsleftover (a)
Exercise2.
Readthepoemagainandencirclethecorrectoption.
1. 'Ozymandias'isapoemdepictingthatthelifeis .
a. beautiful. b.transient.c.attractive. d.alluring.
2. Thepoet meta travellerfrom .
a. anancientland. b.aboard.c.aneighbouringcountry. d.adesert.
(9)
3. Thetravellertoldthepoetthathehadseen inthedesert.
a. a statue. b.asculptor. c.anoasis. d.asnake.
4. ThewordsonthebaseofstatuetellusthatthekingOzymendiaswas a king.
a. kind. b.humble. c.proud. d.cruel.
5. Themessageofthepoemforallpowerfulauthorityandgloryis .
'sands stretch far away' .b. 'frowned and wrinkled lips'. c.'nothingremains'. d. 'stamped on these lifeless
things.'
6. Inthepoem'Ozymandias',theconditionofthe statueis .
a. good. b.bad. c.excellent. d.marvellous.
7. 'MynameisOzymandias-kingofkings',is_ literarydevice.
a. Simile. b.irony. c.personification. d.metaphor
8. OneofthefollowinglinesdoesNOTmakeuseof alliterationinthe poem.
a. Theloneandlevelsandsstretchfaraway.
b. Imetatravelerfromanantiqueland.
c. Nothingbesideremains.Roundthedecay.
d. Halfsunk,ashatteredvisagelies,whosefrown.
Exercise3
Workinpairsandreadtheabovepoemagain.Comprehendit thoroughly and paraphrase it in simple
words. Afteryou have completed, share it with your partner.
Ans. In the first eight lines (octave) of the sonnet Ozymandias, the
poetPBShelleytellsastoryofastatueofOzymandias,told tohimby a traveller from an ancient land. He told that he
saw two vast fitted legs on the pedestal in a desert. There was also a shattered head beside the legs. The
sculptor had nicely figured the characteristics of proud, sneer and frown on the face of the statue. These
expressions remain forever, when the real king would return never ever.
In the next six lines (sestet) the poet tells about the ironical words
writtenonthepedestal."MynameisOzymandias,theKingofKings". The poet further tells that nothing is
permanent. All his work, his power and every other thing connected to him are passed away.
Nothingisremainedexceptthesculptor'sstatueinbadcondition. Simply at the end, the poet focuses on the
transiency.
Exercise4
1. What did the traveller see in the desert and whom he told about it?
Ans.Thetravellerabrokenandshatteredstatueinthedesert.Hetold it to the poet (PB Shelley).
2. Howcanyousaythatthesculptorwasagreatartist?
Ans. It can be said that sculptor of the statue of Ozymandias was really a great artist. He figured out the
humanistic characteristics on thefaceoftheheadoftheking,inaway,thatanyonecaneasilyguess that what type of
the king was.
3. What was written on the pedestal of the statue of Ozymandias?
Ans."MynameisOzymandias,theKingofKings"waswrittenonthe pedestal of the statue of Ozymandias.
4. Whatisthemeaningofthephraseinthepoem"theheartthatfed"? Ans. "The heart that fed” here means the
heart of king Ozymandias which gave birth to those passions as were mocked, reproduced or copied by the
sculptor on the stone.
5. WhatisironicaboutthefateofOzymandias?
Ans. The condition of the statue and the inscription on the pedestal
areironical.Thestatuewascompletelyshattered.Onlytwovastlegs stood on the pedestal and the head was lying
in the sand. Whereas the inscription said 'look upon my work ye Mighty and despair' and 'king of kings'.
6. Whatisthemessageofthepoem?
Ans. The message in the poem is that everything here in the world is
temporary.Nomatter,howpowerfulapersonis.Heorshewillsurely leave this world. PB Shelley wants to give the
philosophy of transience through this poem.
7. Howdoesthispoemrelatetoyourlife?
Ans.Thispoemisaboutthemortalityoftheworld.Everyonehasto die in the world. It is related in this sense that we
will also die one day. So we should do as much good work as we can do.
8. TheproudOzymandiasliesforgotteninthedesert.Comment.
Ans.TheOzymandiaswasapowerfulkingintheancienthistoryofthe
world.HecalledhimselfasthekingofKings.Heneverthoughtthathe would be vanished. But it was his illusion. He
died and is forgotten now forever. No one mentions his name in these days. All in this world is changing. One
will be superseded by another. So never be proud.
Exercise.5
Work in pairs and give a critical appreciation of the poem based on the followingaspects.Compareyourworkwith
yourpartnerafteryouhave done it.
1. PoeticDiction.
Dictionmeanschoiceofwords.ThedictioninOzymandiasislofty, slightly unusual, and it paints vivid pictures.
By "lofty," means the author often chooses longer words that would be familiar to an educated person.
For example, the author uses "antique" instead of "ancient," "visage" instead of "face," and
"colossal"insteadof"huge."Thisisformal,classroomdiction,notthe diction of the home or street.
Sometimestheseslightlyoddwordchoiceshelptherhythmorrhyme of the poem. For example, "Nothing beside
remains" is used in order to maintain the syllables."
"Stone in a desert does not really decay, but "Round the decay"
rhymeswith"faraway"later,andmatchesitthematicallyaswell. Finally, sometimes the author's dictionallows him
to paint a vivid picture more quickly than with more ordinary words.
2. Theme
Deathandmortality:nohumanispowerfulenoughtoescapedeath. Power: The speaker explores different types of
power in the poem. Shelley’s own radical political beliefs led him to reflect on the transient (short lived/
temporary) nature of power.
3. Structure
Ans.Thepoemisasonnetandiswritteniniambic
pentameter. It's sonnet structure is unconventional and has features of the Petrarchan and Shakespearean
sonnet. It is partly a Petrarchan sonnetasithasanoctave(8lines)followedbyasestet(6lines).There is a turning
point/volta at line 9 (similar to a Petrarchan sonnet) 'And on the pedestal these words appear'. Sometime, the
poet also misses the rhyming scheme.
4. Language
Oxymoron - 'colossal Wreck - the adjective 'colossal' means 'like a
colossus,alargerthanlifestatue,colossiwerealwaysmeanttobetall and majestic structures that commanded awe
from the people who looked upon them. The fact that this one is broken with the pieces turned on their sides
and "half sunk(en) into the sand undermines its once impressive power.
Extended metaphor - the fallen statue of Ozymandias that is sinking back into the desert stands as an extended
metaphor for the way in which political and personal power fades into history over time - the
desertitselferodesthephysicalstructuresofOzymandias'reigninthe samewayinwhichtime erodeshis
memory.Thelone andlevelsands' use an alliterative visual image to describe the vastness of the desert and
demonstrate that his kingdom has long eroded back into the sand: "Nothing beside (the statue) remains. The
fricative T sounds emphasize the flat. long stretches of desert that surround the broken statue.
Symbolism-thepoemcontainsmanyexamplesofsymbolism,oneof the most prominent being the visual image of
the shattered visage, the broken face of Ozymandias. The adjective 'shattered' here refers to the face of the
sculpture, but it also symbolically extends torepresent the idea of the king himself - his reputation, fame, glory,
andpowerarealllyingequallyintattersasthememoryofhimfades into nothingness.
The semantic field of destruction - there is a continual sense of destruction in the poem through works that
evoke erosion and degradation: 'half sunk, 'shattered visage, 'decay. This has the effect
ofsuggestingtheslowprocessofdecaywhicheventuallydestroysall- powerful entities, interestinglythis
destructionoccurs not becauseof other people but instead because of the continual progress of time and
natural forces.
5. Message
The message in the poem is that everything here in the world is
temporary.Nomatter,howpowerfulapersonis.Heor shewillsurely leave this world. PB Shelley wants to give the
philosophy of transience through this poem.
Exercise6
'Everyrisehasafall.'Workinpairsanddiscussitinthelightofthe poem.
Ans. 'Every rise has a fall' is a quote that means no one is permanent here in the world. Man, either weak or
powerful, has to die. The powerful position does not persist forever. It has ending. Come very high youmay go
youhave to come downone day. Youwill be buried
inthesandofland.SooneshouldnotbeproudasOzymandiasinthe poem is shown. He was powerful king. He
thought himself as the supreme king. He was also died and could not save himself. So the world is changing.
Rise and fall are the parts of these changing.
Exercise7
Workindividuallyandexplainthefollowinglines.Writedownyour work in the notebook and share it with your class
fellows.
Stanzas. Lines
1-8.
Imeta traveler. andtheheartthatfed;
Explanation
TheselineshavebeentakenfromthepoemOzymandiaswrittenby Percy Bysshe Shelley.
In these lines, the poet tells that he met a traveler from an old and
desertedland.Thetravelertoldhimthathesawtwobiglegsstanding in the desert. The two huge legs, which were
made of stone, were standing without the upper part of the body. The other part of the statue lay nearby. The
arms and the face were broken and it was in a miserablecondition.Itwashalfsunkintothesand.Thesandanddust
covered the body. Yet the signs of displeasure and expressions of ruthlessness and pride could be noticed on the
face of the sculpture.
(11)
The poet says that the skillful hands of the sculptor had left the accurate expression of the man into his
sculptor. The expression of aggression,power,andpridewasevenobviousonthelifelessbodyof the King. The poet
has tried to explain that immorality has a permanent impression on our body as well as on our soul. So, it
cannot be erased even we pass away
9-14.
Andonthepedestal stretchfaraway.
Explanation
TheselineshavebeentakenfromthepoemOzymandiaswrittenby Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Intheselines,thepoethasdescribedwhatwecancallthemessageof the poem. As the traveler continues to describe
what he saw in the desert, he says that there were some texts written in the base of the statue. It read as
the texts tell that the name of the king was Ozymandias. He was the most powerful king. He ordered the kings
to see his statue and feel belittled.Butthetragedyisthatnownothingremainsexceptalifeless statue of the king. The
huge statue itself tells about the glory of the king. But now this huge and splendid statue has fallen the victim of
nature.
Thebrokenpiecesofthestatuearebeingvanishedinthesand.The sand is stretching far away and the statue of King
Ozymandias is getting a thick layer of sand on it. It cannot be seen anywhere
Exercise8
Workingroupsofthree.Composeyourownpoemonthethethemeof 'Don't Give Up', using elements of poetry based
on three stanzas. Each member of the group should compose 1 stanza. After your group composed the poem,
Poem4."GoodTimber"
PreReading.
1."Thestrongerthewind,thestrongerthetree." Read the line and guess the theme of the
poem.
Ans.Ithinkthethemeofthepoemwouldbetheusesofadversity.As much difficulties you will face as much stronger
you will be, because good qualities always develop in difficulties.
Exercise1.
Workinpairsandfindoutthemeaningofthefollowingwordsbyusing
dictionary.Readthepoemcarefullyandwritethecontextualmeanings against each word. After completing Share
your work with your partner.
Words.meanings
1. timber. wood
2. scrubby. inferiorinsizeorquality
3. toil. hardwork
4. patriarchs. maleheadofafamily
5. counsel. advice
6. scars. marks
Exercise2.
1. Thepoemexplainstousthatgoodqualitiesalwaysdevelopin .
a. hardships. b.ease. c.idleness.d.illness
2. "Neverbecameaforestking"meansnever .
a. became a lion. b. acquired a prominent position. c.possessed coverage to fight.
d. enjoyed life
3. "But lived and died as began" points out towards human being.
a. acourageous. b.aneffortless.c.awealthy. d.asuccessful.
4. Inthepoem'GoodTimber',thepoetdiscussesthemesof .
a. nature,wealthanddefeat. b.power,relationshipandhope. c.
nature,struggleandfulfilment. d.nature,nurtureandchaos.
5. Thepoemteachesusthatthepeoplereachtheirtruepotentialby overcoming .
a. feelings. b.enemies. c.desires. d.adversities
6. "Butlivedanddiedascrubbything"meansliveda/an life.
a. unimportant. b.highstatus. c.useful.d.comfortable.
7. 'Bysunand cold,byrainandsnow' is literarydevice.
a. Metaphor. b.Oxymoron. c.Alliteration. d.Simile.
8. "Brokenbranches"inlaststanzaistheexampleof .
a. Simile. b.Metaphor.c.Hyperbole. d.Noneofthem
Exercise3
1. Whatisthesignificanceofthetitleofthepoem?
Ans. The title of the poem ‘Good Timber’ holds significance with respect to the message of the poem. The poet
has artfully compared goodtimberwithgoodpeople.Hebelievesthatitisnoteasyforboth,
timberandpeopletobecomegoodwithoutgoingthroughhardtimes. It is a bare fact that the more they suffer, the
more they become worthwhile and beneficial for the society.
(12)
2. Whathappenstothepeoplewhoworkhard?
Ans.Thepeoplewhoworkhardfacemanydifficultiesinthelife.They work hard for a better life, but it does not
come easily. One has to bearhardshipsinordertoliveaperfectandmeaningfullife.So,when he starts hard
working, the challenges appear one by one in every step of his life. He faces every challenge that makes his life
meaningful.
3. Howcanoneachieveone'struepotentialinlifeaccordingtothe poem?
Ans.Onecanachievehistruepotentialonlywhenhefaceshardships, difficulties and tough times with courage and
determination.
According to the poet, a man becomes strong when encounters and overcomes adversity in life. Hardships,
unfavourable conditions and difficult situations polish our abilities and capabilities. A person does
notbecomestrongifhegetseverythingeasilywithoutputtinginhard work. A person should learn to achieve such

qualities from a good timber.
4. WhydoesthepoetsuggestpeopletobelikeGoodTimber?
Ans. The poet wants to reveal a useful message for his readers. He compares an ordinary tree to a good timber.
An ordinary tree does not have any prominent position in the forest because it spend it's time as it came to this
world. It neither tries to change the position nordarestobearhardshipsforabetterposition.Ontheotherhand,a
good timber remains ready to face hardships of life. It becomes more
perfectwhenfacesmorestorm.Sothepoetsuggeststhepeopletobe like good timer and face the difficulties of life.
In such way your position will be strong and meaningful.
5. Whichpoeticdevicesareusedinthepoem?
Ans.Thereareseveralpoeticdevicesusedinthepoem"Good Timber". But the most prominent are given below.
1. Metaphor.
2. Personification.
3. Hyperbole.
4. Alliteration.
6. Writecentralideaofthepoem?
Ans. The central idea of the poem ‘Good Timber’ is that in order to become good and beneficial one has to face
hardships and difficulties inlife.Bothtimberandmanhavetoovercomeadversitywithcourage and determination.
Struggle is a key to success to live a perfect, valuable life otherwise both of them die without achieving anything
worthwhile in their life.
7. Howdoesthispoemrelatetoyourlife?
Ans. A man always ignores to face the difficult situation of life. When
asituationcomes,he/sheturnshisfacefromandstartsanotherwork. Resultantly, he/she creates a habit of doing
easy thing. So, when, a difficult problem occurs, we become helpless to face it because wehave not made
ourselves habitual of facing such difficult problems. It
isrelatedtoeverysecondpersonofourcountry.Inthissensepoemis related to us. It tells us our draw-backs. We
should be like a good timber which teaches us to face the difficult problems.
Exercise4
listofthemandusetheminyoursentences.Shareyourworkwithyour class fellows once you have completed.
Ans.Throughout‘GoodTimber’Mallochmakesuseofseveralliterary devices. These include but are not limited
1. Metaphors,
2. Alliteration,
3. Hyperbole.(Theyholdcounselwiththestars)
This entire poem is one extended metaphor comparing trees to human beings. The tree mentioned in the first
stanza represents someone who has never had to fight for anything in their life. This
manhadmorethanenough“sunandskyandairandlight.”Although this initially seems like a good thing, the
speaker turns the text in a different direction.
Alliterationisaninterestingformaldevicethatcanbeseenthrough the repetition of consonant sounds at the
beginning of multiple words.
Forexample,inthepoem“brokenbranches”instanzafourand “storm” and “strength” in stanza three.
Exercise.5
partner.
1. PoeticDiction.
Thepoethasavoidedbombasticwordsinhispoetry.Heusedupto dated words. Timber is simply meaning of wood
but it is used metaphorically that is why it is a little difficult to understand.
2. Theme
Ans.In‘GoodTimber’Mallochexploresthemesofstruggle,
fulfillment,andnature.Thosewholivethrough“brokenbranches”
andstormswillbecome“Goodtimber.”Thisthemeiscommonwithin Malloch’s work. He was often concerned with
depicting different ways life can be lived and how the most fulfilling lives come to be.By using nature as the
source of his imagery he is tapping into a source that all people are familiar with.
(14)
The extended metaphor that lasts throughout this poem ensures that everyone understands what the
strength is that he’s talking about. A fulfilling life can only come after
onehasworkedhard.Thisisaroundaboutwayofsayingthatnothing worth having comes easy.
3. Structure
Ans. 'Good Timber’ by Douglas Malloch is a four stanza poem that is separated into sets of six lines or sextets. It is
one of Malloch’s most well-known pieces and follows a consistent and structured rhyme scheme. The lines conform
to a pattern of aabbcc, alternating as the poet saw fit from stanza to stanza. This was a common structure for
Malloch. His rhyming pairs carry a reader through the piece from beginning to end. The couplets give the poem a
sing song-like sound, resembling a song lyric.
Language
Thelanguageusedinthepoemisnotthelanguageofcommonpeople but it is the language of well bred people.
Figurative language used in the poem is difficult to understand easily. Many poetical devices are
used.Thefigurativelanguageisusedorderlytoenhancethemeaning of the loftiest theme of the poem.
3. Message
The message of the poem ‘Good Timber’ is that in order to become
goodandbeneficial,onehastofacehardshipsanddifficultiesinlife. Both timber and man have to overcome
adversity with courage and determination.Struggleisakeytosuccesstoliveaperfect,valuable life otherwise both
of them die without achieving anything worthwhile in their life.
Exercise6
Workingroupsof three.Composeyourownpoemonthethethemeof 'When life gives you lemons, make lemonmade',
using elements of poetry based on three stanzas. Each member of the group should
compose1stanza.Onceyourgrouphascomposedthepoem,exchange it with other groups. (Self Work)
Exercise7
'Life grows when a person comes out of comfort zone.' Elaborate this
statementinthelightofthepoem'TheGoodTimber'.Notedownyour points in the notebook and share it with your
class fellows.
Ans. It is a human nature that a man does not strive for a new thing, whileheisalreadyincomfort.
Comfortablemanhas notenthusefor doing work. When someone comes out of the comfortable life into the
hard realities, he/she starts to think the way to save himself or
herselffromthehardrealitiesoflife.Inhardships,onepersonlearns more and more. Because, adversity makes a
man perfect.
Exercise8
Workindividuallyandexplainthefollowinglines. Writedownyour work in the notebook and share it with your class
fellows.
Line no. Lines 1-6.
Thetreethat ascrubbything.
Theselineshavebeentakenoutfromthepoemof"GoodTimber", which is written by Douglas Malloch.
In these lines, the poet uses a tree as a metaphor that represents someone who had never had to fight for
anything in his life. This tree had more than enough its basic need like sun, sky, air, and light. A coddled person
or tree who lives an easy life does not worry about resources. They have all the food, water, air, and light they
need to survive. The poet reveals the outcome of such a life in the last two linesofthe stanza. Thistype of tree
will never become heador one of thelargestandstrongesttreesoftheforest.Thiskindoftreedoesnot have any
greatness because greatness can't be achieved without struggle. This type of tree often struck down as a
useless and inferior creature.
7-12.
Themanwho diedashebegan.
In these lines, the poet talks about a person who never became
hardworkinganddisciplinedinhislife.Thepoetdescribesamanwho
wasgivenopportunitiestogainandgrowanddevelophispersonality and future a person who does not struggle for
a better future, significant personality and unlimited worldly resources never becomes a brave man and
always lives a bad life without development. His position socially, economically, and morally
doesnotimprovebecausehedoesfeeltheneedtogobeyondhisreadily available resources.
13-18.
GoodTimberdoesnot goodTimbergrow.
In these lines, the poet describes the elements and ways through
whichfinestuffandgoodtimbergrow.Thedevelopmentofsuccessful life lies in facing hardships and in overcoming
hurdles. The poet comparesa mantoatreewhogetsitsstrengththroughsnowystorms and strong winds. It has to
fight and face the sun and cold. It encounters throughout its days in the further sky than the scrubby thing ever
did a tree or man who in danger himself and confronts the tragic realities of the world, at last, grows in nice
stuff, fine quality, and good timber.
(15)
19-24.
Wherethickestlies commonlawoflife.
Theselineshavebeentakenout fromthepoemof"GoodTimber", which is written by Douglas Malloch.
In these lines, the poet describes the environment of the exalted man and the good timber tree. Where there is
a cluster of great personalities, we can find forefathers of good timber and successful man. Due to their
loftiness, they seem to consult with stars. They tap into a deeper knowledge and talk intimately with forces
that others cannot understand the tree and men share their loss and wounds of
hardshipsandhostilityoftheirlives whichhavebecomecommonlaw. It reveals who they are and who they lived.
Poem5. LUCYGRAY.
PreReading.
1. Lookatthepictureandexpresswhatyouobserveinit.
Ans. I observe an obedient child is going to some where. She has a
lanterninordertoseethetrack.Surroundingtothechildastormcan also be felt.
2. Howcanyoudescribeanobedientchild?
Ans.Anobedientchildneversays'no'toit'sparents.Itsacrificesit's life for the sake of parents. It heartily respects to
it's elders.
3. Howmuchareyourparentsattachedtoyou?
Ans.Myparentsaretotallyattachedtome.Theyneverforcemetodo any work. They give preference to my will. They
really respect me a lot.
4. Doesanyoneamongyouknowastoryrelatedtoachild?
Ans.YeIknowastoryrelatedtoachildofour village.Shewas 9years
old.Shewasthedaughterofafarmer.Neartoourvillage,therewasa well. On night, she went out to buy things from
near by shop. She didn't return for a long time. When her parents went for search, they saw her body floating in
the well. It was very mournful night of our village.
5. WhatdoyouknowaboutWilliamWordsworth?
Ans. I know that William Wordsworth was a romantic poet. He was
borninthelakedistrictofEngland.ThushewasalsocalledtheLake poet. He started new type of poetry called
romantic poetry. He was really a great poet.
Exercise1.
dictionary.Readthepoemcarefullyandwritethecontextual meanings against each word. After completing Share
Words.ContextualMeanings
1. solitary. Single,only,alone
2. wretched. ruined
3. comrade. Friendor mate
4. wanton. Play,wilful
5. tripping. Stumbling
Exercise2.
1. Thepoet chanced tosee Lucy .
a. at the break of day. b. in the evening. c.intheafternoon.d.at night.
2. Lucy'sfatheraskedLucytogotothetownwithalanternto bring her .
a. aunt. b.sister. c.bother. d.mother
3. Lucy replied to her that she would gotothedowntotakeback her mother.
a. gladly. b.sadly. c.unwilling.d.probably.
4. Lucycouldnot reachthetown because .
a. it was late. b. she did not get any conveyance. c.hermother reached home. d.
she lost her way in storm.
5. Thewoodenbridgewasatdistanceof fromLucy'shome.
a. amile. b.afurlong. c.a kilometer. d.afewfeet.
6. Lucy'sparentsbecamecertainofherdeathwhentheysaw .
a. herfootprints. b.herbody. c.Herlantern. d.hershoes
7. SomepeoplestillbelievethatLucycanbeseen .
a. inmountains. b.inwind. c.intown. d.onbridge.
8. PeoplebelieveLucycanbeseendoingtheseactivitiesexcept .
a. looking straight.b. singing songs. c. moving rapidly. d.talkingtopeople.
Exercise3
1. WheredidLucyliveandwhatkindofchildshewas?
Ans.Lucylivedonwildmoor.Shewassolitarychild.Shedoesnot have any friend or partner.
2. WheredidLucy'sfathersendherandwhy?
Ans.Lucy'sfathersentLucytothetowntobringhermotherback.
(17)
3. WhatdidLucymeanwhenshesaid'yonderisthemoon'?
Ans."Yonderisthemoon'Lucymeans tosaythatthereisyetenough time for the night to fall.
4. WhydidLucytakelanternwithher?
Ans.Lucyhadtogotothetowntobringhermotherback.Shetook lantern with her in order to see the path in a
stormy weather.
Because,thestormwasalsoexpected.
5. DoyouthinkthatthetragedywouldhavebeenpreventedifLucy's father himself had gone down the town?
Ans. Lucy's father was experienced and aged person. He was familiar
withthetracksofthetown.So,Ifhe,insteadofLucy,hadgonedown to the town, the tragedy would have been
prevented.
6. WhathappenedtoLucywhileshewasgoingtothetown?
Ans. Lucy Gray's feet were slipped down and she wandered up and down.Itwasanunexpectedstorm beforethe
time.Shelostherway andfellfromthehills.Shetriedtoclimbthehillsbutcouldnotreach the town.
7. WhateffortsdidLucy'sparentsmakeinfindingher?
Ans. Lucy's parents searched her far and wide. They shouted all the
night.Afteralongsearch,theysucceededtotracetheherfeetonthe bridge. The feet led them snowy path to the
hawthorn hedge of the bridge, where their daughter was slipped down and died.
8. WhatledtheLucy'sparentstothebridge?
Ans.Lucy'sfootmarksledherparentstothebridge.
9. What do people still believe (maintain) about Lucy Gray and why?
Ans.Lucyhadbecomeimmortalbecauseafterherdeaththepeople began to believe that she was still a living
child who could be seen alone at the break of the day only those who had the deep concern with natural
beauty. She was seen by singing a solitary song in the moor, walking rough and smooth and never looked
behind.
Exercise.4
Work in pairs and give a critical appreciation of the poem based on the
followingaspects.Onceyouhavewrittencompareyourworkwithyour partner.
1. PoeticDiction.
2. Theme
Ans. Two of the main themes throughout Wordsworth’s poem
concernnatureandthelossofalovedone.Lucynotonlylivesaway from society on the moors, but she also travels
through the wilderness. It is suggested that she enjoys nature because people claim to hear her playfully
whistling on her journey to town.
3. Structure
Lucy Gray was written in 1799, appeared in the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads, published in 1800. This is
opposite to The Abbot of Canterbury, which is traditional ballad. The ballad is divided into 16
stanza,64lines.Eachstanzahasdividedintofourlines(quatrain).The rhyming scheme is abab and so on. The
balladis simple tragic story of a lonely girl.
4. Language.
Thelanguageinthepoem"LucyGray"isplainandsimple.Formand languageintheir
baresimplicity,contributetothebleaktoneofthe poem-the story of a simple tragedy in a cold bleak
countryside beneath the snow.
5. Message
InthispoemthepoetbelievesthatLucyGray'ssoulbecomesthepart of nature after her death. Her soul still haunts
the hill and sings a sweet song to guide the people in stormy nights.
Exercise5
Howshouldeldersguidetheirchildrentosavethemselvesfromsome forcible dangers? Work in pairs and discuss about
it.
Ans. Elders should totally focus on the environment of their house. Firstlytheyshould createanenvironment
safefromabusesandodd words. They should not talk with one another harshly and loudly in
frontoftheirchildren.Because,thechildrenalwaystrytocopytheir elders. They act what they learn from their
parents.
Secondly, they should try to keep cooperative behavior with their
children.Asthechildrencaneasilyshareproblemswiththeirelders. In such way the parents will be able to know
the problems of their children. Andincritical conditions,elders should help them in every way.
Exercise6
Work individually and explain with reference to the context the
followingstanzas.Writedownyourworkinthenotebookandshareit with your class fellows after you have
completed.
Line no. Lines.
1.
OftIhadheard thesolitarychild.
ReferencetoContext:
Reference
Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem"LucyGray"writtenby William Wordsworth.
Context
(18)
In this poem poet tells the story of a small girl who went to fetch her
motherfromtown.Butshewaslostinstormofsnow.Herfootprints went up to a stream, perhaps she was drown in
it. Poet believes that her soul still haunts the hill and sings a sweet song to guide the people in stormy nights.
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that he had often heard about small girl
namedLucyGray.Onedaywhenhewascrossingthewildplain.He happened to see her walking all alone.
2.
Nomate,nocomradeLucy besideahumandoor.
ReferencetoContext(sameasabove) Explanation:
IntheselinespoetsaysthatLucywasaloneforshehadnocompanion or friend. She lived with her parents on a vast
plain she was most beautiful child ever born on earth.
3.
Youyetmayspy willnevermorebeseen.
ReferencetoContext(sameasabove)
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that if you have seen fawn the young one of dearjumpingonthegreenlawnorifyouhave
seenaharescampering on the ground with joy, you may know what real beauty is. Fawn is still there, hare is still
there but you would not be able to see the beautiful and charming face of Lucy Gray any more.
4.
"Tonightwillbe throughthesnow."
Explanation
Inthese lines poet tells that one afternoonLucy's father told her that he expected a snow storms that night he
was worried about his wife becauseshehadnotyetreturnedfromthetown.Hethereforeasked her to take lantern
and guide her mother back home.
5.
"That,father,willIgladly yonderisthemoon."
Reference
Context(sameasabove)
Explanation:
Intheselinespoettellsthatsherepliedtoherfatherthatshewould gladly under take that duty. It was still midday and
the church clockhadstrucktwo.Soshethoughtthattherewasenoughtimetogoon that journey. As the moon was
visible, so she would go after some time.
6.
Atthisthefather lanterninherhand.
Referencetocontext(sameasabove) Explanation:
IntheselinespotellsthatLacy'sfathertookhishookandbeganto
eachoffsomebranchesoftree.HewasdoinghisworkwhenLucy took the lantern in his hand and went to the town.
7.
Notblitheristhemountain risesuplikesmoke.
Explanation:
IntheselinespoetsaysthatLucybegantowalkquicklyinthemanner of a mountain deer. As she walked play fully on
the snow it was scattered by her bursting feet and rose like the smoke from chimney
8
Thestormcameon reachedthetown.
Explanation
In these lines poet tells that the storm came much before the expected time. Poor Lucy roamed about and lost
her way. She climbedupanddownmanymountains,butshecouldneverreachthe town.
9
Thewretchedparents servethemforaguide.
Reference:
Context
motherfromtown.Butshewaslostinstormofsnow.Herfootprints went up to a stream, perhaps she was drown in
it. Poet believes that her soul still haunts the hill and sings a sweet song to guide the people in stormy nights.
Explanation:
(19)
IntheselinespoettellsthattheparentsofLucyweremuchworried,
whenshedidnotreturnhome.Theywentoutshoutingeverywhere
allthatnightinsearchofLucy.Buttheireffortsbornofruitandthey could not find their daughter.
10
Atdaybreakon furlongfromtheirdoor.
ReferencetoContext.(Same)
Explanation:
Intheselinespoettellsthatherparentssearchedfor herallthenight. On the following day they climbed up a hill.
They went on its top and lookeddowntheplainbelow.Fromtheretheysawawoodenbridgea furlong from their
home. They guessed that the girl might have been lost there.
11
Theywept-and,turning OfLucy'sfeet.
Referencetocontext.(Same)
Explanation:
In these lines poet tells that when they did not find their daughter, they wept bitterly and returned home.
They thought that they could no longer find their daughter and that they would meet her in
paradise.Astheyweregoingbackhermotherfoundtracesofherfeet in snow.
12
Thendownwords longstone-wall:
Referencetocontext(same)
Explanation:
In these lines poet tells that then the parents of Lucy traced their
daughter'sfootprintsfromtheslopeofthehilltoit'sextremeend. They search for her even by the long wall of stone
and the broken hedge of hawthorn in the hope of finding her dead body.
13
Andthenan open theycame.
Reference:
Context
motherfromtown.Butshewaslostinstormofsnow.Herfootprints went up to a stream, perhaps she drown in it.
Poet believes that her soulstillhauntsthehillandsingsa sweetsongtoguidethe peoplein stormy nights.
Explanation:
IntheselinespoetsaysthatthentheparentsofLucycrossedanopen field. Even now her foot prints could be seen in
the same position they traced the marks towards and came to the bridge.
Exercise7
Workingroupsof three.Composeyourownpoemon thethethemeof
'SelfAwareness',usingelementsofpoetrybasedonthreestanzas.Each member of the group should compose 1 stanza.
Once your group has composed the poem, exchange it with other groups. (Self Work)
Poem6.THE ABBOT OF CANTERBURY.
PreReading.
"That a fool he may learn a wise man wit."
Predictthethemeoftheafterreadingtheline.
Ans.Ithink,thethemeofthepoemwouldbethatthewisdomisnot thelegacy of any particularfaction ofthe people.
It is forthe people who try to get it.
Exercise1.
Column A has words from the poem; underline these words in the poem. Column B has the contextual meanings
of these words, but they are jumbled up. Work in pairs. Try and match the appropriate meaning
ofeachword,andwriteyouranswerinColumnC.Shareyourworkwith your partner after you have completed.
Words. Meanings
1. ancient. primitive(F)
2. merry. happy(H)
3. anon. soon(A)
4. renown. fame(J)
5. fold. enclosure(I)
6. gallant. brave(G)
7. jest. joke (E)
8. pardon. forgiveness(D)
9. liegemannobleman(B)
10. devise. plan(C)
Exercise2.
1. Theballad"TheAbbotofCanterbury'isnarratedin person.
a. first. b.second. c.third.d.firstandthird
(20)
2. Thepoetsaysto thereaderthatheisgoingtotella story.
a. sad. b.funny. c.terrible.d.folk
3. KingJohnwasjealousofAbbot'shousekeepingandhigh .
a. character. b.respect. c.business. d.renown
4. KingJohnfearedthattheAbbotwasworkingagainsthis
a. people. b.Policies. c.crown. d.ministers
5. KingJohntoldtheAbbotifhedidnotanswerhisthreequestionshe would be .
a. beheaded. b.poisoned. c.banished. d.fined.
6. After listening to the King's questions, the Abbot rode to universities.
a. Oxford and California. b. Oxford and Canterbury. c.Oxfordand Campbell. d.
Oxford and Cambridge.
7. TheAbbotrequestedthekingtogivehim week'sapace.
a. three. b. four. c.five. d.six
8. Whilegoingbacktohishometown,theAbbot meta .
a. farmer. b.friend. c.neighbor.d.shepherd.
9. TheshepherddemandedAbbot's toanswerking'squestions.
a. lands. b.house. c.horseanddress. d.wealth.
Exercise3.
Workinpairsandreadthelinesgivenbelowcarefully.Writedownthe number of the stanza against each statement in
which the given information appears.
No Statement. Stanzas
1. Abbotisaveryrichperson. (03 "12")
2. Abbotseemssatisfiedinthecourt. (05"20")
3. Questionsareverydifficulttoanswer. (09"36")
4. Abbottriestofindouttheanswers. (11"44")
5. Abbotissuretohavehispunishment. (12"48")
6. Thekingrewardstheshepherd.(25."104") Exercise 4
1. WhatwasthedisputebetweentheKingandtheAbbot?
Ans.Thedisputebetweenthetwo,thekingandtheAbbot,wasabout the wealthy and luxurious life style. When the
king heard about the renownedlifeoftheAbbot,hestartedtoenvyhimandhiswealth.He thought, though he was the
King, yet he did not live as luxuriously as the Abbot live. So that he brought the Abbot in trial for his luxurious
life.
2. WhateffortsdidtheAbbotmakeinordertosavehimself?
Ans.TheAbbotpaidvisittothescholarsanddoctorsofOxfordand Cambridge universities.
3. WhatwerethequestionsthattheKingasked?
Ans.Thekingaskedthefollowingthreequestions.
1. Whatwasthepriceofking?
2. Howlongwouldhetaketimetotraveltheworld?
3. Whatwashethinkingatthattime?
4. What was the shepherd's answer to the first question of the King? Ans. The shepherd's answer to the first
question of the king was that thepriceofthekingwouldbe29pens.Because,theChristwassoldin 30 pens, so the
king would be sold one penny lesser that the price of the Christ.
5. Whatwastheshepherd'sanswertothesecondquestionoftheKing? Ans. The shepherd's answer to second

question of the king was that he could travel the world in a day. Because, if he would start to walk early in the
morning, he would surely return in the evening. So, there are 24 hours in a day. Thus he could travel the world
as much as he could travel in 24 hours.
6. What was the shepherd's answer to the third question of the King?
Ans.Theshepherd'sanswertothethirdquestionwasveryfunny.He told the king that he was thinking him Abbot,
but he was his poor shepherd. And he begged pardon for shepherd.
7. Howdidthekingexpresshisemotionsafterbeingansweredhisall questions?
Ans.Thekingbecamesohappy.Helaughedloudlyandsworeby mass. Happily, he offered the post of Abbot to the
shepherd.
8. Whydidtheshepherdnotacceptking'soffer?
Ans.Theshepherddidnotacceptking'sofferbecausehewasan uneducated. So he requested the King not to give
him any high position which did not fit to his qualification.
9. HowwastheAbbotbenefitedbyhisshepherd'sboldanswers?
Ans.TheAbbot'slifewassavedbyhisshepherd'sboldanswers.Itwas settled between the king and the Abbot that the
Abbot would be beheaded if he could not answer the three questions. The shepherd gave and got pardon for his
master Abbot.
(21)
10. Whatisthemainideaofthisballad?
Ans. The Abbot of Canterbury' is an interesting poem and the main
ideabehinditisthatiturgesthereadersnottojudgethepeopleand their wisdom on the ground of the appearance
and profession.
Educationisnotthelegacyofanyuniversityorotherinstitute.Itcan be gained from every where and by every one in
the world. So one should try to learn from every where.
Exercise5
Discuss the poem 'The Abbot of Canterbury' as a ballad? Note down
youranswerinthenotebook.Onceyouhavewritten,compareitwith your partner.
Ans. The poem The Abbot of Canterbury, included in our book, is a
ballad.Balladshavecrudelanguagebecausefinewritingwouldnotbe suitable for the telling of this straightforward
and amusing folk story. King John ruled England from 1199 to 1219, was a very unpleasant man and a
thoroughly bad kind. It is a ballad of unknown telling an ancient story consisting of 100 lines of regular rhythm.
Exercise6
'TheAbbotofCanterbury'isaninterestingpoemthaturges thereaders not to judge the people and their wisdom on
the ground of the appearance and profession.
Work in groups of three. Compose your own poem on the similar
theme,usingelementsofpoetrybasedonthreestanzas.Eachmember ofgroupshouldcompose 1stanza.
Afteryourgrouphas composedthe poem, share it with other groups. (Self Practice)
Exercise7
Work in groups of three to enact the given story by playing different
roles.Eachgroupshouldrehearsalatleasttwotimesintheclass. (Class Work)
Exercise8
Work individually and explain the following lines. Write down
yourworkinthenotebookandshareitwithyourclassfellowsafteryouhave completed
Line no. Lines.
1_4.
Anancientstory maintainedlittleright.
Explanation:
(Theselineshavebeentakenfromthepoem"TheAbbotof Canterbury''.)
Intheselinesthepoetstartswiththesewordsthathethenwantsto tell the story about King John. He ruled England
by sheer force. He was responsible for doing much that was wrong, very little that was right.
5-8
AndI'lltellyouastory fairLondontown.
Explanation:
IntheselinespoetsaysthathetellsusaveryfunnystoryaboutAbbot of Canterbury. The king heard about his great
reputation and wealth. His officials brought him with great speed to London.
9-12
Anhundredmen waitedtheAbbotabout.
Explanation:
In these lines, the poet says that the king heard that the Abbot
entertainedahundredmaneverydayandthefiftyservantdressedin the velvet and golden chains waited up on him.
13-16
'Hownow,fatherAbbot? againstmycrown."
Explanation:
Intheselines,thepoetsaysthatthekingsaidtoAbbotthathehad heard that he lived even more magnificently than
himself. He suspected that in order to win such reputation, he might be wrong treason against him.
17-20
'Myliege',quoththeabbot true-gottengear'.
Explanation
In these lines poet says that the Bishop replied that he had always spend only what belonged to him. He had
always spent only what belongedtohim.HehopedthathisMajestywouldnotpunishhimfor speaking his honestly
earned wealth.
21-24
'Yes,yes,fatherabbot smittenfromthybody.
Explanation.
In these lines poet says that king said to the Abbot that he had
committedafmgreatcrimeandhedeservedtodieforit.Ifhewould not reply his three questions he would be
beheaded.
25-28
'Andfirst,'quoththeking pennywhatIamworth.
(22)
Explanation
Intheselinespoetsaysthatfirstofallhemusttellhim(king)toa
pennywhatheisworthwhensitsamonghisnoblesubjectsthere with his precious crown on his head.
29-32
'Secondly,'tellme, whatIdothink.
Explanation
In these lines poet says that the king put second question before Abbot and asked that what time he would
require riding round the earth.Thethirdquestionpacedbykingbeforehimwasthatwhathe was thinking at the
time.
33-36
'O,thesearehardquestions answeryourgrace.'
Explanation
Intheselinespoetsaysthatinresponsetothreequestionsofkingthe Abbot replied that those were difficult question
for a man of poor intelligence like him. He could not want to answer at the moment. So he would be given time
of three weeks to answer.
37-40
Nowthreeweeks'spaceto forfeittome.
Explanation.
Intheselinespoetsaysthatkingaskedthathegavehimthreeweeks
period.Butitmightbelongesttimethathelived,becauseifhefailed to reply the questions at the end of that period.
He would die and possessions would be confiscated.
41-44
Awayrodetheabbot ananswerdevise.
Explanation
IntheselinespoetsaysthattheAbbotwassadandworriedaboutthe threats of the king and went away to find the
answers of questions.
HemetmanywisemenatCambridgeandOxford,butcouldnotget answers from those learned men.
45-48
Thenhomerode goodKingJohn.
Explanation.
In these lines poet says that at last Abbot rode back home without finding any consolation. On the way he met
his shepherd going to fold.HewelcomedBishopbackhomeandaskedhimthenewsabout the king.
49-52
Sadnews,sadnews frommybody.
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that when Abbot returned home he told his shepherd that he was much grieved to tell
him that he head only threedaystolive.ReasonwasthatifhecouldnotanswerKing'sthree questions with in three
days he would be beheaded.
53-56
Thefirstistotellhimthere heisworth.
Explanation
In these lines poet says that Abbot tells the shepherd about three
questionofKingwhichhehadtoanswer.Thefirstwasthathehadto tell the worth of king when he was sitting on his
throne with his crown of gold on head and among his noble courtiers.
57-60
Thesecond,totellhim, hedoesthink.
Explanation:
In these lines Bishop tells the shepherd about the second and third
questionputbeforehimbykingjohn.Thesecondquestionwasthat in what period of time he would go round the
world. The third question was that he might tell him unhesitatingly what he was thinking at that moment.
61-64
Nowcheerup,sirabbot! answeryourquarrel.
Explanation.
IntheselinesshepherdasksAbbottobehappyandsaysthathadhe neverheardthat even sometimesa foolmayteacha
wisemansomewisdom.ThereforeherequestedtheAbbottolendhimhishorse,his servants and his official dress and
to allow him to go London in his place to answer King's questions.
65-68
Nay,frownnot,ifithath fairLondontown.
Explanation:
In these lines shepherd requests the Abbot that he might not doubt
hisability.Healsoaskedhimnottofeelangrywithbecauseaspeople told that he resembled with him very closely. If
he would only lend himhis gown,he wouldlookexactlylikehimandnobodyin the good city of London would
recognize him that he was not Abbot of Canterbury.
(23)
59-72
Nowhorsesandserving-men ourfatherthePope.
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that Bishop agreed with shepherd's suggestion. And told him that he would give him
his horses and servants in their proper uniform. These brave and courageous men
wouldservehimasattendants.TheBishopalsopromisedhimtogive him his Crozier, miter, rochet and cope so that
he might look exactly like true Abbot even before the Pope.
73-76
Nowwelcome,sirabbot savedshallbe.
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that when shepherd reached in the court of King John in guise of Abbot no one
recognized him. The king welcomed him as Sir Abbot. He appreciated his coming on the appointed day. King
reminded him once again that his life would be sparedandhispropertywouldbesavedincasehewasabletoanswer
his three questions.
77-80
Andfirst,whenthouseest whatIamworth.
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that the first questions which king put to shepherd was that he might tell him what was
his worthwhile he was sittingonhisthrownamongthecourtiersofanoblebirthandwearing
thecrownmadeofgold.Kingaskedhimtoanswer clearly,because he wanted to know his exact worth.
81-84
ForthirtypenceourSaviour pennyworsethanHe.
Explanation:
Intheselinespoetsaysthatshepherdtoldthekingthathehadheard that Jesus the Christ was sold among the false
Jews only for thirty pence. So his worth is twenty nine pence. Because he might be one penny lesser than the
prophet of God.
85-88
Thekinghelaughed,and wholeworldabout.
Explanation
In these lines poet says that king laughed at the reply of shepherd. Then swearing by saint Bittel he said that he
had never thought that he was worth so little. After it king John put his second question by
askingthatheshouldlethimknowhowlongitwouldtakehimtoride round the world.
89-92
Youmustrisewiththesun yourideitabout.
Explanation:
Intheselinespoethasdescribedtheanswerofthe secondquestionof the king John. Shepherd told the king that he
should rise with sun and travel with its speed till it rises again in the next morning. In this way king would be
able to travel round the whole world with in twenty four hours.
93-96
Thekinghelaughed,andswore. whatIdothink
Explanation:
Intheselinespoetsaysthatwhenkingheardtheanswerofshepherd to his second question he again laughed and
swearing by Saint Johnsaid that he had never thought that he could travel round the whole world in such a
short time. Now he put his third question and asked
theshepherdtotellhimtrulywithoutanykingofhesitationthatwhat he was thinking about at that time.
97-100
Yes,thatshallIdo,and pardonforhimandforme.
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that in response to king John's third question shepherd told him that he would certainly
give him a proper answer which would also prove pleasant for him. He told the king that perhaps he was
thinking that Abbot himself was in his presence. But actually it was only poor shepherd of his who was talking
to him intheuniformoftheAbbot.Theshepherdbeggedhispardonforhimself and for the Abbot of Canterbury.
101-104
Thekinghelaughed writenorread."
Explanation:
In these lines poet says that on hearing shepherd's reply to third
questionthekinglaughedonceagainandsaidtotheshepherdthathe wanted to appoint him as Abbot of Canterbury
in place of his master. But shepherd requested him that he should not take such decision ina hurry. Because he
does not know reading and writing.
105-108
Fournoblesaweek,then,. fromgoodKingJohn.
(24)
Explanation:
Intheselinespoetsaysthatwhenshepherddidnotacceptthepostof Abbot for himself then king announced a
pension of four nobles a week for him as a reward for his merry jest. He also announced a pardon for old Abbot
and asked shepherd to convey that happy news to his master the Abbot of Canterbury, from good King John
when he returned back home.
POEM7.SELECTIOS FROM SURKHAHORI PRE READING.

1. Readthewordsgiveninthediagramandguessthethemeofthe poem.
2. Writethethemeinthecentreofthediagram. Ans. Asceticism.
Exercise1.
dictionary.Readthepoemcarefullyandwritethecontextualmeanings against each word. After completing Share
No.Words ContextualMeaning
1. traversed. Travelledacross
2. ascetics. Self-denying
3. ridge. Alongnarrowhilltop.
4. desolation. Barren
5. grieving. Mourning,lamenting
6. highland. Mountainousland
7. Rambling. Longwinded
8. Flicker. Shineunsteadily.
Exercise2
Readthepoemagainandencirclethecorrectoption.
1. Khahoristroubletheirbodiestoattaintheir .
a. goal.b.class.c.earningsd.destination
2. Khahoris face severe whileachievingtheirgoals.
a. criticism.b.conditions.c.hardships. d.allof them

3. Khahoris never take their whentheyhavegoals.
a. property. b.care. c.followers d.none.
4. "Khahoris'facesaredry,ontheirfeetareslippersoldandtorn" shows the .
a. struggle
b. emotion
e.hardships
d.pleasure
5. Khahoris recognition islike .
a. caravanindesert
b. raftinocean
c. guideinmountains
d. safetyinjingle
6. Khahoriscanbefoundevenwherethereisnotraceof:
a. humanbeings
b. animals
c. birds
d. cattle
7. Infourthstanza,theword'save'isusedinsenseof_ .
a. safety
b. preservation
c. together
d. except
8. Trueseekerscanonlybeknowntothosewhoarefor .
a. jungledwelling
b. desertedabodes
c. mountainpeaks
d. spiritualrealm
Exercise3
Workinpairsandreadtheaboveselectionagain:Comprehendit thoroughly and paraphrase it in simple words. After
you have completed, share with your partner.
Ans.(Paraphrase)
Intheaboveselectedverses,thepoetsays.
A daughter tells her mother that she saw those who have seen the one whom we urgently need. She further
says that she must stay a nightwiththemasshegainspiritualpowerbecausetheyarethereal guide to take to the
God; Who is with them.
(25)
They are called Khahoris means ascetics. They travelled early in the morning to the mountains to search the
medicines. They give much paintotheirbodiesinordertoachievethegoal,astothemisthebest way to achieve the
purpose.
Theynevertakecarewhiletravelling.Theywentwithunwashedface and bare footed. They go there, where the
most elevated have not access to reach. They go secretly, to talk secretly, with whom who listen them secretly.
Theylitfiretherewhereabirdcan'treach.
Theywillnotbemisplacedinjungle,theyneverforgetthegeneral
path.Theyhavegivenbothworldsbuttheyarefullofknowledge.Kahorisarestillpresentamongus.Thosecanfindthem
whowantto follow the spiritual path. When they found them they make their home close to them.
Exercise4
Readtheselectionagainandanswerthefollowingquestions:
1. HowisKhahori'scharacterdepictedbythepoet?
Ans. Khahoris character is depicted according to their struggle. They have an ascetic character. They try to
achieve that character by adoptingmanyselfdenyingactivities.Afteralongperiodofstruggle they succeed to
achieve the spirit.
2. HowdotheKhahorisexperiencesleep?
Ans. If one night, we will sleep in the company of Khahoris, we will
definitelyachievethespiritualpower,becausewiththemistheLord of the world.
3. WhereandwhydoKhahori'sspendtheirdaysandnights?
Ans.Khahorisspendtheirdaysandnightmostlyonthemountainous places. They spend there day and night in order
to give pain to their bodies. They use the philosophy of gaining spiritual power by giving pain to their external
mass of the body.
4. Whatdoesthepoetwanttosaywhenhesays"Wherenotatraceof birds is seen, fire is lit"?

Ans.Thepoetherewantstotellthereaderaboutthespiritualpower of Khahoris. They have spiritual access that's
why they can go there where no one can go easily. They reach there before the birds and make that place
brighten.
5. WhatrewarddoesaKhahorigetafterhishardwork?
Ans.AKhahorigetsspiritualpowerafterhishardwork.
6. SurKhahoriisthenarrationofKhahori'sstruggle.Elaborate.
Ans. Sur Khahori is one of 30 Surs of Shah Latif's poetry. In this Sur, Latif defines a Khahori and his struggle of
satisfying his life. Khahori alwaystriestoremaininsearchofspiritualpower.Hewantstomake his soul permanent
by giving up the desires of the world. In order to pious search, he sacrifices his worldly pleasures for the sake
of his soul. He also gives pain to his body as though he can achieve the internal happiness.
7. Whichpoeticdeviceshavebeenusedinthispoetry?Writewiththe examples.
Ans.Thefollowingpoeticaldeviceshavebeenusedinthispoetry.
1. Metaphor.
Examples.Theirrecognitionbecomesaraftinthisoceanoftheworld.
2. Hyperbole. Examole.
Thosewhogaveupboththeworlds.
3. Alliteration.
Example.Thoseonhighwaywe'rewayland.
4. Irony.
Example.Wherenotatraceofbirdsisseen.
8.Howdoyouexpressyouremotionsonthestruggleofyourfriendor a family member?
Ans. I always become emotional when I see the struggle of the
CarvansofArbaeen.TheytravelthedistanceofNajafandKarbalaby walk. Their journey is spiritual. They also give
pain to their body in order to gain the spiritual power.
Exercise5
Work in groups of three. Compose your own poem on the theme of Search of Reality, using elements of poetry
based on three stanzas. EachmemberofgroupshouldcomposeIstanza.Onceyourgrouphas composed the poem,
Exercise6.
Work individualy and write the central idea of the lines of Sur Khahori
inyournotebook.Onceyouhavecompleted,exchangeyourworkwith your class fellows.
Ans. The central idea of the lines of Sur Khahori is that a man should not give up his efforts while walking on the
path of truthful people. Theyshouldselectthedifficultpath.Asmuchastheybearhardships, they will reach hastily to
their destination. After toughness and difficulty, one can achieve a very high and strong destination, which can't
be shattered in future in any case.
Exercise7.
partner.
(26)
1. PoeticDiction.
Thedictionusedinthepoetryisnotdifficult.Thefigurativedictionis used. It furthers beautifies the poems.
2. Theme Ans.
Therearetwo mainthemes inthe poemwhichare1.
Asceticsand2.TheirStruggletogaintheSpiritualism.Kahorisareasceticshere,they select the path of difficulties to reach the
spirituality.
3. Structure
The selections are mostly dived into three lines (Tercet) except a
couplet(twoline).Thecouplethasarhymingscheme,whileallotherversesareinfreeverse.TheselectionisfromaSurofShahLatif'sp
oetry.
4. Language
The language used in the poem is elevated. It directly transfers from
thisworldtothespiritualworld.Somepeculiarwordsarealsousedas 'khahori' is itself a struggle related words. Very selective
and far fetchedwordsareused.Allinall,Latifhasusedthelanguagefittothe poetry.
5. Message
ThemessageofthelinesofSurKhahoriisthatamanshouldnotgive up his efforts while walking on the path of truthful people.
They shouldselectthedifficultpath.Asmuchastheybearhardships,they will reach hastily to their destination. After
toughness and difficulty, one can achieve a very high and strong destination, which can't be shattered in future in any
case.
Exercise8
listofthemandusetheminyoursentences.Shareyourworkwithyour class fellows after you have completed.
Ans.Thefollowingpoeticaldeviceshavebeenusedinthispoetry.
1. Metaphor.
Examples.Theirrecognitionbecomesaraftinthisoceanoftheworld.
2. Hyperbole. Examole.
Thosewhogaveupboththeworlds.
3. Alliteration.
Example.Thoseonhighwaywe'rewayland.
4. Irony.
Example.Wherenotatraceofbirdsisseen.
Exercise9.
Workindividuallyandexplainthefollowinglines.Writedownyour
workinthenotebookandshareitwithyourclassfellowsonceyou have completed.
1-3
Mother!Isawthose, raftinthisoceanoftheworld.
Explanation.
These lines are from Sur Khahori of Shah Abdul LatifBhitai. In these
lines,thepoet,throughagirl,tellstheapproachofKhahoris.Shetells hermotherthatshesaw thepeople
whoareclosetothecreator.She desires to remain a night in the company of these people. They are like a raft in the ocean,
which can save one's life. She also wants to save her life and is sure that the wanderer are the people who can save her
by guiding the true path.
4-6.
Khahorisprepared theysoughttheirgoal.
Explanation.
In these lines, the poet tells more about the struggle of Khahoris. Khahoris start their search of spiritual power from early
in the morning. They travel to the mountains and give pains to their bodies.
Theyareinviewtobespirituallymoreandmorestrong.Forachieving
suchstrengththeytrytospendadifficultlife.Theypreferthornypath to the smooth one.
7-9.
Theirfacesaredry talksecretsofthatfaroffland.
Explanation
In these lines the poet tells that Khahoris do not care about their outward personalities. They never wash their their
faces properly, they never put a good slipper in their feet. They travelled that place
whereallpeoplecan'tgo.Theybuildinnerpersonality,inwhichtheycreatesecretlanguagethathelpsthemtocommunicatewitht
heir God.
10-11.
Wherenotatrace asceticscankindleit.
Explanation
In these lines, the poet tells that Khahoris try to go and spread
knowledgetherewhereevenabirdcan'tgo.Theyneverfeartothe hardships of life. They try to make the world bright
everywhere.
12-14.
Thosewhowenttojungle ignorancesaved.
Explanation
In these lines, the poet says that a Khahoris go to jungle. If one want to get spiritual awareness, one should move
towards there. They prefertogothereinordertorootoutignorancefromthejungle.They
havequittedthebothworldforthesakespiritualpower.Theyarethe sole to mitigate ignorance.
15-17
Trueseekersstill builttheirnestsclosetothem.
Explanation
TheselastlinesareforthetrueseekersotherthanKhahoris.Thepoet says that if they want to search the truth, they should
come close to setheir hous. From their houses they can search the spiritual realm.

Xi New English Book Poem Notes

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By Sir Mukhtiar Ahmed RTS Ghotki

By Sir Mukhtiar Ahmed RTS Ghotki

8. Ruin. destruction (8f)

againsteachqualityinthetabegivenbelow.Onceyouhavecompleted, compare you work with your partner.

POEM 2 “DON'T QUIT”

"Success is failure turned inside out

Theselinessetupaseriesofinstancesinwhichreaders are going to have to persevere through the

The maintheme of the poemis revealed in the fifthline

2. Lifeis queer withanotherblow

notbecomestrongifhegetseverythingeasilywithoutputtinginhard work. A person should learn to achieve such

5. Whatwastheshepherd'sanswertothesecondquestionoftheKing? Ans. The shepherd's answer to second

POEM7.SELECTIOS FROM SURKHAHORI PRE READING.

a. criticism.b.conditions.c.hardships. d.allof them

4. Whatdoesthepoetwanttosaywhenhesays"Wherenotatraceof birds is seen, fire is lit"?

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