DART Overview (A. Cheng)

Kinetic Impactor
Andy Cheng
JHU/APL
15 Nov 2018
DART Mission Update

Goddard Space Flight Center
Johnson Space Center
Langley Research Center
Glenn Research Center
Marshall Space Flight Center
Planetary Defense Coordination Office
1
Regimes of Primary Applicability for Planetary Defense Mitigation
Defending Planet Earth

(2010) Zero PHAs
National Academy of
Sciences Deep Impact
Recommendation:
“the first priority for a space
About 150 PHAs
mission in the mitigation
area is an experimental
test of a kinetic impactor”
About 5,000 PHAs

DART is the first kinetic DART
impact test at a realistic
Too small to be
scale for planetary Defending Planet Earth (2010) considered PHAs
defense
2
Launch
June 15, 2021
March 6, 2022 IMPACT: October 5, 2022

2001 CB21 flyby
S-type, 578 meters,
3.3-hour rotation rate
LICIA
(Light Italian Cubesat
for Imaging of Asteroids)
ASI contribution, under
consideration
DART Spacecraft 65803 Didymos

560 kg arrival mass Didymos-B (1996 GT) Didymos-A
12.5 m × 2.4 m × 2.0 m 163 meters 1,180-meter separation 780 meters, S-type
6 km/s closing speed 11.92-hour orbital period between centers of A and B 2.26-hour rotation period
Earth-Based Observations
• Target the binary asteroid Didymos system
0.07 AU range at impact
Predicted ~8-minute change • Impact Didymos-B and change its orbital period
in binary orbit period • Measure the period change from Earth
DART – Double Asteroid Redirection Test 3

DART Program Update
DART mission confirmed by NASA in

August, 2018. DART is in PHASE C-D
NASA has re-affirmed decision to use NEXT-
C ion propulsion system for DART
Autonomous navigation
NASA will procure launch services for DART using imager to guide to
target
through NLS; LV selection is in process
─ DART will have dedicated LV
LICIACube, an ASI-contributed cubesat
─ Letters exchanged between NASA and ASI
─ Studying operations concept and cubesat NEXT-C ion propulsion
accommodations on DART first flight
4
DART Ion Propulsion Mission
First flight of NASA NEXT-C ion engine
 Launch Period Open:

15 Jun 2021
 2001 CB21 Flyby:
06 Mar 2022
 Didymos Impact:
05 Oct 2022
Didymos Impact Conditions
DART Impact Speed 5.975 km/s
DART Mass at Impact 558 kg
Impact angle to orbit velocity* 164.185°
Impact angle to orbit plane** 15.803°
Solar phase angle 60.05°
*approximately opposite to orbit velocity
**from Didymos southern hemisphere
5
NEXT on gimbal,
without cover
Deployed Configuration
NEXT
within DRACO imager
cover HGA (inside PAF)
on gimbal PAF
Battery
Stowed Configuration
6
DRACO Imager
Panchromatic Visible Narrow-Angle Camera
Primary Secondary
FPA
Mirror Mirror
DRACO Summary
Aperture 208 mm
f/ 12.6
FOV 0.29° × 0.29°
Telescope Ritchey-Chretien with field-
flattening lens, composite-Zerodur
Passband 400 nm - 1000 nm
Detector array BAE CIS2521F sCMOS
Bench Lens
Detector Front side illuminated,
characteristics rolling/global shutter, 2560 × 2160  DRACO acquires images at 0.5
format, 6.5 µm pixel pitch m/px by 17 sec before impact, 2x2
SNR (30 days out) >7 binned images
SNR (final) >100  Characterize boulders and surface
features of 1 m size
DRACO is based on New Horizons LORRI  Locate impact site to within 1 m
7
LICIA Cube:
ASI cubesat for DART
LICIA Cube based on the ArgoMoon 6U
cubesat for the NASA EM-1 mission
ArgoMoon has dual imaging systems,
propulsive capability, onboard imaging
ArgoMoon stowed
processing and target recognition configuration
LICIA Cube carried by DART until close to

Didymos and then released to perform a
flyby of Didymos after DART impact
─ LICIA Cube images impact ejecta
LICIA Cube downlinks images direct to ArgoMoon deployed
Earth after the Didymos flyby configuration
8
LICIA Cube:
Science Objectives
 Multiple (at least 3) images of the ejecta plume taken over a span of
time and phase angle, that, with reasonable expectations concerning
the ejecta mass and particle size distribution, can potentially
 Allow measurement of the motion of the slow (< 5 m/s) ejecta
 Allow estimation of the density structure of the plume
 Multiple (at least 3) images of the DART impact site having sufficient
resolution (< 1 m/pixel) to allow measurements of the size and
morphology of the crater; and taken sufficiently late after impact that
the plume can be reasonably expected to have cleared
 Multiple (at least 3) images of Didymos B showing the non-impact

hemisphere, that can potentially increase the accuracy of the shape
and volume determination
9
DART Team Meeting –
please come
10

DART Overview (A. Cheng)

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Kinetic Impactor

DART Mission Update

Defending Planet Earth

About 5,000 PHAs

March 6, 2022 IMPACT: October 5, 2022

DART Spacecraft 65803 Didymos

DART – Double Asteroid Redirection Test 3

DART mission confirmed by NASA in

 Launch Period Open:

LICIA Cube carried by DART until close to

 Allow measurement of the motion of the slow (< 5 m/s) ejecta

 Allow estimation of the density structure of the plume

 Multiple (at least 3) images of Didymos B showing the non-impact

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