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Ap Biology 2020 Practice Exam 1 MCQ PDF
Ap Biology 2020 Practice Exam 1 MCQ PDF
You have 1 hour and 30 minutes for this section. Open your Section I
booklet and begin.
Note Start Time here ________ . Note Stop Time here ________ . After 1 hour
and 20 minutes, say:
Stop working. I will now collect your Section I booklet and multiple-
choice answer sheet.
AP® Biology
Answer Sheet
for Multiple-Choice Section
Instructions
At a Glance
Section I of this exam contains 60 multiple-choice questions. Indicate all of your answers
Total Time to the Section I questions on the answer sheet. No credit will be given for anything written
1 hour and 30 minutes in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work.
Number of Questions
60 Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not
Percent of Total Score spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to
50% the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will
Writing Instrument know the answers to all of the multiple-choice questions.
Pencil required
Electronic Device Your total score on Section I is based only on the number of questions answered correctly.
Calculator allowed Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions.
Median = middle value that separates the greater and lesser halves of a data set
Range = value obtained by subtracting the smallest observation (sample minimum) from the greatest (sample maximum)
( )
YS = -iCRT
dN K-N
= rmax N
dt K i = ionization constant (1.0 for sucrose
because sucrose does not ionize in
Simpson’s Diversity Index water)
( )
2
n C = molar concentration
Diversity Index = 1 - Â
N
R = pressure constant
݊ ൌ total number of organisms of a particular species
( R = 0.0831 liter bars/mole K)
ܰ ൌ total number of organisms of all species T = temperature in Kelvin (ºC + 273)
pH = – log[H+]
Surface Area and Volume
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA . Acetyl-CoA is further metabolized in
the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and
pyruvate dehydrogenase under several different conditions (Figure 1).
Certain reef-building corals contain photosynthetic, symbiotic algae that have the ability to make
dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), a chemical involved in the marine sulfur cycle. DMSP is released into the
surrounding water, where it is converted to the gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by microorganisms and enters the
atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, it triggers the formation of sulfate aerosols, which induce cloud formation and
block sunlight from heating up the water.
The symbiotic algae produce DMSP when they are stressed by a high water temperature. If water temperature is too
high, corals will expel the symbiotic algae that produce DMSP. Researchers measured the amount of DMSP
produced by juvenile and adult coral and their symbionts under normal and thermally stressed conditions. The data
are shown in the graphs in Figure 1.
Figure 1: DMSP concentration in juvenile and adult corals and their symbionts in normal and thermally-stressed
conditions. Error bars represent ± 2SE x .
The researchers also measured the density of the symbiont as well as the photosynthetic yield in adult corals at the
two temperatures. Photosynthetic yield is an index measure of energy output compared to sunlight energy input in
which larger photosynthetic yield values represent photosynthetic organisms producing more energy.
Figure 2: Variation in symbiont density and photosynthetic yield in adult corals grown in normal and
thermally-stressed conditions. Error bars represent ± 2SE x .
13. Which of the following best describes the effect 16. Which of the following best describes the
of temperature on corals’ ability to produce scientists’ findings concerning the density of
DMSP as shown in Figure 1 ? symbionts presented in Figure 2 ?
(A) Both juvenile and adult corals produce less (A) The symbiont density at 32°C on day 5
DMSP at 27°C than at 32°C. was less than the density on day 0 of the
(B) Both juvenile and adult corals produce less experiment.
DMSP at 32°C than at 27°C. (B) The symbiont density at 27°C on day 0
(C) The amount of DMSP produced over time was less than the density on day 5 of the
increases at 32°C in juveniles only. experiment.
(D) The amount of DMSP produced over time (C) The symbiont density at 32°C was
increases at 32°C in adults only. different from the density at 27°C on
days 5 and 10 of the experiment.
(D) The symbiont density at 27°C was higher
14. Which of the following best describes the than the density at 32°C for the entire
difference between the total amount of DMSP length of the experiment.
produced by adults compared to juveniles at the
start of the 32°C trial?
20. Figure 1 shows the inheritance of a particular (A) UV radiation disrupts the double helix
genetic condition in three generations of one structure by breaking the covalent bonds
family. Which of the following best explains the between the nitrogenous base pairs.
observed pattern of inheritance? (B) UV radiation disrupts the double helix
structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds
(A) The condition is passed randomly because between the nitrogenous base pairs.
of the independent assortment of
chromosomes. (C) UV radiation is able to break DNA strands
in two by breaking covalent bonds
(B) The condition is passed from fathers to
between the sugar-phosphate backbone
sons via a Y -linked gene. molecules.
(C) The condition is passed from mothers to (D) UV radiation is able to break DNA strands
sons via an X-linked gene. in two by breaking hydrogen bonds
(D) The condition is passed from mothers to between the sugar-phosphate backbone
offspring via a mitochondrial gene. molecules.
Based on the data in the table, which of the following lizard species are most closely related?
Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP ) is a chemical dye. When DCPIP is chemically reduced, it changes color from
blue to clear. DCPIP can be used as an electron acceptor in experiments that measure the rate of electron transport
through the electron transport chain. A student performed an experiment to study the effects of a chemical, DCMU,
on photosynthesis.
The student prepared four tubes with a liquid buffer and chloroplasts that had been extracted from spinach leaves.
The student then added DCPIP to three of the tubes and added DCMU to one of them. Additionally, tube 3 was
wrapped in tin foil. The contents of each tube are shown in the table. The student then incubated each tube for 60
minutes and measured the absorbance (A 600) of each solution at five-minute intervals. The absorbance readings of
each solution are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Absorbance readings of four prepared tubes with various solutions over a 60 -minute period.
(B) 78 39 78
(D)
(C) 156 39 78
Pyruvate 25 25
NADH 55 550
NAD+ 55 5
ATP 85 5
ADP+Pi 55 100
FADH2 25 26
FAD 25 25
Based on the data in the table, which of the following best explains the effects of rotenone on cellular
respiration?
(A) 3.84
(B) 5.99
(C) 7.82
(D) 9.49
Sea otters are native to the western coast of North America. Between 1750 and 1850, hunting had reduced the
population from hundreds of thousands to only one thousand individuals. In the early 1900s, a small population of
sea otters was discovered in Elkhorn Slough, an estuary in central California near a large human population center.
The otters were then protected by the international fur seal treaty, which banned sea otter hunting. The sea otter
population has rebounded to nearly three thousand individuals today.
Otters live in kelp forests and eelgrass beds and feed on crabs and shellfish (Figure 1). Most herbivores in the
habitat eat algae that grows on the eelgrass and not the eelgrass itself. If there is too much algae, the eelgrass does
not receive enough light for photosynthesis. As the otter population has increased, the eelgrass habitat has increased.
Recently, however, scientists have noticed the presence of two nonnative, predatory invertebrate species that may be
colonizing the Elkhorn Slough, which would have been too cold for them three decades ago. Scientists have also
observed that otters in the area are experiencing increased mortality because of an increase in harmful algal blooms,
which occur as a result of nutrient pollution. The harmful algae are ingested by shellfish, which the otters eat.
Friedreich’s ataxia is an inherited disorder. Friedreich’s ataxia is caused by an insertion mutation in a noncoding
portion of the FXN gene where a GAA triplet is repeated hundreds of times. The FXN gene encodes the protein
frataxin. A pedigree of a family with members affected by this disorder is shown in Figure 1.
A researcher collected DNA from several members of the family and used PCR to amplify the FXN genes from
each individual’s DNA. The researcher then used DNA gel electrophoresis to separate the DNA. The results are
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. FXN gene fragment sizes for several family members. A sample of DNA with fragments of known
lengths was used for comparison.
Figure 3. The modeled DNA triple-helix structure that can form in areas with multiple GAA triplets
52. Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the 54. Which of the following statements best describes
following best describes the inheritance pattern the results seen in Figure 2 ?
of Friedreich’s ataxia?
(A) Individuals III-2 and III-3 carry two
(A) Autosomal recessive different alleles of the FXN gene, a
(B) Autosomal dominant mutant allele and a wild-type allele.
(C) Sex-linked recessive Individual IV-1 inherited two copies of
(D) Sex-linked dominant the mutant allele.
(B) Individuals III-2 and III-3 carry two
different alleles of the FXN gene, a
53. The probability that individual III-5 will mutant allele and a wild-type allele.
develop Friedreich’s ataxia is closest to which of Individual IV-1 inherited two copies of
the following? the wild-type allele.
(C) Individuals III-2 and III-3 both carry two
(A) 0% wild-type alleles. Individual IV-1
(B) 25% inherited two copies of the wild-type
allele.
(C) 50%
(D) 75% (D) Individuals III-2 and III-3 both carry two
wild-type alleles, but individual IV-1
inherited one copy of the wild-type allele
and one copy of the mutant allele.
Figure 1. The chemical structure of several molecules used for quorum sensing in three species of bacteria
Which of the following research questions would best guide an investigation of the link between the structure
of the signaling molecules and the evolution of quorum sensing?
(A) Do these molecules require the same receptors in each bacteria species to generate a response?
(B) Did these species evolve from a common ancestor that used a similar signaling molecule?
(C) Do these species all perform the same action when the concentration of the signaling molecules is high
enough?
(D) Did these species evolve from the same common ancestor that is still living today and uses the same
receptors?