P530/2

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
2½ hours
Mar-Apr 2023
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT - 2023

SET FIVE

PAPER 2

THEORY

2 hours 30 minutes.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

 Answer question one in section A plus three others from section B.

 Candidates are advised to read the questions carefully, organize their answers and

present them precisely and logically, illustrating with well labeled diagrams where

ever necessary.

 Write on the answer sheet, your name, index number and the questions attempted

in their order as shown in the table.

QUESTION MARKS

TOTAL

Page 1 of 3 ©Jusan
2023
 SECTION A: (40 Marks)
Compulsory.
1. In an investigation to determine the effect of cyanide on mean amount of oxygen used in
animal organs and organs in the different animals. Organs were extracted from animals
that have just been killed. For each animal, three dishes were set up. Each dish contained;
phosphate solution, saline (sodium chloride) solution and cyanide solution of known
concentration. The measured mean amount of oxygen used by the slices of organs in one
hour are shown in table below.
Animal organ Mean amount of oxygen used, in absence or
presence of cyanide, per hour/ arbitrary units.
No cyanide 10-4 moldm-3 10-2 moldm-3
cyanide cyanide
Sheep liver 2.7 2.5 0.7
Sheep kidney 14.1 9.9 1.9
Ox liver 1.9 1.9 0.8
Rat liver 10.5 10.0 1.9
Rat kidney 20.7 18.8 2.3
Guinea pig kidney 16.8 14.4 1.9

a) Calculate the percentage difference in oxygen use for rat liver between cyanide
concentration of 10-4 and 10-2 moldm-3. (03marks)
b) Compare the mean amount of oxygen used by the organs extracted from sheep and rat
at varying cyanide concentrations. (08marks)
c) Account for the observed difference in mean oxygen use between;
(i) Sheep kidney and rat kidney, (05marks)
(ii) Ox liver and rat liver, (05marks)
In absence of cyanide.
d) How does cyanide lower mean amount of oxygen used by different organs? (05marks)
e) An antidote (hydroxocobalamin), can reduce poisoning by cyanide. Briefly describe the
action of this antidote. (04marks)
f) From the results above,
(i) Sketch the relative positions of the haemoglobin dissociation curves for the ox, rat and
sheep on the same axes at varying oxygen partial pressures. (04marks)
(ii) Account for the difference of relative positions of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation
curves for the rat and that ox. (06marks)

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 SECTION B: (60 Marks)
Attempt only 3 questions from this section.
2. (a) Compare the compact bone tissue of mammals and the sclerenchyma tissue of plants.
(07marks)
(b) Explain the similarities in (2) (a) above. (05marks)
(c) Giving examples of cells, relate the presence of extensions found on the different cells
to the fucntions which these cells perform. (08marks)

3. (a) Tongue-rolling is due to a dominant gene. If a man, whose parent are both non-
tongue rollers, marries a rolling girl, whose mother and grandparents are rollers and
whose father and sister are non-rollers. What are the chances that their first child will
be a roller? Show all necessary working. (10marks)
(b) Tall, cut-leaved tomato plants are crossed with dwarf, potato-leaved plants giving in
the F1 generation nothing but tall, cut-leaved plants. When selfed, the F2 generation
produced 926 tall. Cut-leaved, 288 tall potato-leaved, 293 dwarf, cut-leaved; and 104
dwarf, potato-leaved. Explain the above results. (10marks)

4. (a) Describe the sequence of events that may lead to eutrophication of a previously non
polluted water body. (10marks)
(b) Account for the difference in the efficiency of energy transfer at the different stages
of transfer in an ecosystem. (10marks)

5. (a) Outline effects of removing whole liver on body’s homeostatic mechanisms. (08marks)
(b) Describe how the Carmel is able to overcome the following challenges in its habitat.
(i) Water stress. (06marks)
(ii) Heat stress. (06marks)

6. (a) Compare growth of a flowering plant with that of a vertebrate animal. (10marks)
(b) Summarise the changes that occur in the circulation of human foetus at, or soon after,
birth. (10marks)

END

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