Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test Bank For Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach 4th Edition Marjorie Kelly Cowan Heidi Smith
Test Bank For Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach 4th Edition Marjorie Kelly Cowan Heidi Smith
Student name:__________
TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.
⊚ true
⊚ false
2) Current evidence indicates that bacteria and archaea existed on earth for approximately 2
billion years before eukaryotes appeared.
⊚ true
⊚ false
3) A scientific theory, like the theory of evolution, is just our best guess at explaining a
scientific phenomenon, but a theory cannot be considered fact.
Version 1 1
⊚ true
⊚ false
⊚ true
⊚ false
⊚ true
⊚ false
⊚ true
⊚ false
7) Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared
by members of the same kingdom.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 2
8) Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and
cannot be revised.
⊚ true
⊚ false
⊚ true
⊚ false
10) The names of the three domains are: Bacteria, Protista, and Eukarya (Eukaryota).
⊚ true
⊚ false
11) One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme
environments.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 3
12) Microbes have been found existing in salty, acidic lakes.
⊚ true
⊚ false
⊚ true
⊚ false
14) The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the unique
shape of the protein.
⊚ true
⊚ false
15) Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 4
16) If a hypothesis is accepted, then the findings become a scientific law.
⊚ true
⊚ false
17) The acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis is based on a series of educated guesses and
opinions. Once the opinion is widely accepted it becomes a theory.
⊚ true
⊚ false
18) Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a
complex organizational structure.
⊚ true
⊚ false
19) Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can
sometimes benefit the host.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 5
CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
20) The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include ______.
A) bacteria
B) plants
C) helminths
D) algae
E) fungi
F) viruses
G) archaea
H) protozoa
21) Select all answers that are roles played by microorganisms in our environment.
22) Select statements that apply to the theory of evolution to test your understanding of
evolution.
Version 1 6
23) Which of the following are correctly matched?
A) Bacteria—no nucleus
B) Bacteria—true nucleus
C) Archaea—true nucleus
D) Archaea—no nucleus
E) Eukaryotes—true nucleus
F) Eukaryotes—no nucleus
A) Nucleic acids
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Lipids
E) Proteins
F) Carbohydrates
25) Select the nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides that make up RNA.
A) Guanine
B) Uracil
C) Thymine
D) Adenine
E) Cytosine
26) Select the nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides that make up DNA.
Version 1 7
A) Guanine
B) Uracil
C) Thymine
D) Adenine
E) Cytosine
A) Cytoplasmic membrane
B) Nucleus
C) DNA
D) Ribosomes
E) Cell wall
F) Organelles
28) Select all areas that comprise the main aspects of the science of taxonomy.
A) Classification
B) Genetics
C) Nomenclature
D) Analysis
E) Identification
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
29) When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
Version 1 8
A) bioremediation
B) genetic engineering
C) epidemiology
D) immunology
E) taxonomy
A) Mosquito
B) Protozoan
C) Bacterium
D) Virus
E) Fungus
Version 1 9
A) Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors
B) A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
C) Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
D) Escherichia coli producing human insulin
E) Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
33) Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed _____.
A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) parasites
D) microorganisms
E) prokaryotes
34) The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are
called _____.
A) decomposers
B) prokaryotes
C) pathogens
D) eukaryotes
E) fermenters
35) Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally
been called _____.
Version 1 10
A) decomposers
B) prokaryotes
C) pathogens
D) eukaryotes
E) fermenters
36) The first cells appeared about ______ billion years ago.
A) 5.2
B) 4.6
C) 3.8
D) 2.9
E) 1.5
A) Making bread
B) Treating water and sewage
C) Manufacturing copper wire
D) Mass producing antibiotics
E) Cleaning up oil spills
38) Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of
_____.
Version 1 11
A) biotechnology
B) bioremediation
C) decomposition
D) immunology
E) epidemiology
A) decomposers
B) prokaryotes
C) pathogens
D) eukaryotes
E) fermenters
A) AIDS-related diseases
B) diarrheal diseases
C) malaria diseases
D) measles
E) respiratory diseases
41) Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from
the other major groups of microorganisms?
Version 1 12
A) Cause human disease
B) Lack a nucleus
C) Cannot be seen without a microscope
D) Contain genetic material
E) Lack cell structure
A) bacteria
B) protozoa
C) molds
D) parasitic worms
E) infectious particles
A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Parasites
D) Fungi
E) Helminths
Version 1 13
A) Bacteria are larger than viruses
B) Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
C) Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
D) Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
45) The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record
microorganisms was _____.
A) Francesco Redi
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Joseph Lister
E) Robert Koch
47) The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery
was _____.
Version 1 14
A) Joseph Lister
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Robert Koch
D) Louis Pasteur
E) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
49) Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?
A) Joseph Lister
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Robert Koch
D) Louis Pasteur
E) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
50) If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would
you already know?
Version 1 15
A) Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical
setting.
B) Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for
infection.
C) Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.
D) Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.
A) nomenclature
B) classification
C) taxa
D) identification
E) common name
52) Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of
organisms?
A) Nomenclature
B) Taxonomy
C) Phylogeny
D) Woesean classification
E) None of the choices are correct.
53) The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called _____.
Version 1 16
A) classification
B) identification
C) nomenclature
D) experimentation
E) biotechnology
54) Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?
A) Species
B) Phylum
C) Kingdom
D) Genus
E) Family
A) genus
B) species
C) kingdom
D) family
E) phylum
Version 1 17
A) family, order, class
B) family, genus, species
C) genus, species, family
D) class, phylum, order
E) kingdom, domain, phylum
A) Gram-positive streptococcus
B) Staphylococcus
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Anthrax
E) Streptobacilli
Version 1 18
A) biotechnology
B) genetics
C) recombinant DNA
D) phylogeny
E) taxonomy
60) Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional
changes over long periods of time?
A) Morphology
B) Phylogeny
C) Evolution
D) Genetics
E) None of the choices is correct.
61) A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is
working on ________.
62) The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are)
_____.
Version 1 19
A) Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Carl Woese and George Fox
D) Robert Whittaker
E) Francesco Redi
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) staphylococcus aureus
C) Staphylococcus Aureus
D) Staphylococcus aureus
E) STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
64) Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other
atoms.
A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) hydrogen
E) phosphorous
65) Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
Version 1 20
A) hydrophobic molecules
B) electrolytic molecules
C) repeating monomers
D) repeating carbohydrates
E) hydrogen bonds
A) glucose
B) glycogen
C) fructose
D) ribose
E) deoxyribose
Version 1 21
A) cholesterol
B) starch
C) phospholipid
D) wax
E) triglyceride
A) Fatty acids
B) Glycerol
C) Phosphate
D) Alcohol
E) All of the choices are correct.
70) A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other
carbons and two hydrogens.
A) unsaturated
B) polyunsaturated
C) monounsaturated
D) saturated
E) None of the choices are correct.
71) The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
Version 1 22
A) prostaglandins
B) waxes
C) phospholipids
D) steroids
E) triglycerides
72) The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the _____.
A) prostaglandins
B) waxes
C) phospholipids
D) steroids
E) triglycerides
A) nucleotides
B) glycerol and fatty acids
C) monosaccharides
D) phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
E) amino acids
Version 1 23
A) They are found in all cells.
B) They are catalysts.
C) Their shape determines their function.
D) They can be denaturated by heat and other agents.
E) They have high-energy bonds between phosphates.
75) Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary
structure?
A) Valine
B) Cysteine
C) Serine
D) Alanine
E) Tyrosine
76) What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?
A) Glycosilic
B) Ester
C) Peptide
D) Disulfide
E) Phosphate
Version 1 24
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) None of the choices is correct.
A) one phosphate
B) one pentose sugar
C) one nitrogen base
D) All of the choices are correct
E) None of the choices are correct.
A) Contains ribose
B) Contains adenine
C) Contains thymine
D) Contains uracil
E) Contains nucleotides
Version 1 25
A) an enzyme
B) a double helix
C) an electron carrier
D) the energy molecule of cells
E) All of the choices are correct.
81) You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three
phosphates. What is this chemical?
A) DNA
B) RNA
C) ATP
D) Phospholipid
82) A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a
glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker,
which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?
A) Amino acids
B) Hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C) Nitrogen and phosphorus
D) Fatty acids
E) Carbon atoms
83) Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
Version 1 26
A) nucleic acids
B) carbohydrates
C) polysaccharides
D) amino acids
E) enzymes
A) Uracil
B) Adenine
C) Thymine
D) Cytosine
E) All of these are pyrimidines.
85) During protein synthesis, _______ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.
A) transfer
B) messenger
C) ribosomal
D) All of the choices are correct.
Version 1 27
A) a membrane serving as a cell boundary
B) the possession of genetic information
C) the presence of cellular fluid
D) All of these choices are correct.
87) The purine _______ always binds with the pyrimidine _______ in DNA and RNA.
A) guanine; cytosine
B) cytosine; guanine
C) adenine; guanine
D) thymine; guanine
88) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans
and microbes?
89) Which list correctly ranks the microorganisms from largest to smallest?
Version 1 28
A) Zika virus,Bacillus anthracis,Aspergillis sp., Helminth
B) Aspergillis sp., Zika virus,Bacillus anthracis, Helminth
C) Bacillus anthracis, Helminth,Aspergillis sp., Zika virus
D) Helminth,Aspergillis sp.,Bacillus anthracis, Zika virus
E) Helminth,Aspergillis sp., Zika virus,Bacillus anthracis
90) The Nobel Prize was awarded to Kary Mullis in 1993 for inventing what technique to
amplify and subsequently analyze DNA?
91) Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the
scientific method?
92) Which of the features listed below isnot found in all cells?
Version 1 29
A) Cytoplasmic membrane
B) Ribosomes
C) DNA
D) Nucleus
93) Organisms were classified into kingdoms as they were defined. Which list reflects the
order of discovery of the kingdoms as we know them today?
94) Carl Woese and George Fox developed the three-domain system of taxonomy based on
what molecular discovery?
95) The term used to describe the broad field of science that involves human manipulation of
microbes for use in industrial processes is _____.
Version 1 30
A) biotechnology
B) bioremediation
C) recombinant DNA technology
D) biodegradation
96) The Dutch linen merchant _______ ground glass lenses to detailed specifications so that
he was able to develop a microscope for observing and describing living microscopic
animalcules.
A) Leeuwenhoek
B) Pasteur
C) Lister
D) Koch
98) Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are examples of ________ protein structure.
Version 1 31
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
99) Disulfide bonds are involved in maintaining ________ protein structure as well as the
________ level of protein structure exhibited by complex proteins such as antibodies.
A) tertiary; quaternary
B) quaternary; tertiary
C) secondary; quaternary
D) secondary; tertiary
E) primary; secondary
100) Choose the term that describes the formal system of identifying, arranging, and naming
organisms.
A) Nomenclature
B) Identification
C) Classification
D) Taxonomy
E) Hierarchy
101) Which of the following choices is a correct way to denote the binomial name of a
microorganism?
Version 1 32
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Staphylococcus Aureus
C) staphylococcus Aureus
D) staphylococcus aureus
E) Staphylococcus aureus
102) Choose the statement or characteristic that best describes the Woese-Fox taxonomic
system to test your understanding of taxonomy.
103) When classifying organisms, early taxonomists did NOT rely on which of the following?
Version 1 33
SECTION BREAK. Answer all the part questions.
104) NCLEX Prep - Test Bank Question: Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the
questions that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic. While completing her
assessment you notice her hands are red, raw, and show signs of recent bleeding. She explains
that she washes all her clothes in bleach, and uses the chemical to clean her hands several times a
day. She states “I need to sterilize myself and my environment of all germs so I do not get sick.”
While developing her nursing plan of care, you educate her about the importance of bacteria to
the health and well being of not only humans, but also our planet.
104.1) Microorganisms have inhabited the Earth for billions of years, and can be found
inhabiting a variety of environments. In fact, microbes performing anoxygenic
photosynthesis led to the oxygenation of early Earth’s atmosphere. These ancient
organisms were _____.
A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) viruses
D) prions
Version 1 34
104.3) As Ms. Smith progresses with her plan of care, the RN provides education
regarding beneficial applications of microbes. Scientists use microbes to produce drugs,
hormones, and enzymes. This type of biotechnology involves the transfer of foreign
genetic material into a microbe, a process called ________.
105) NCLEX Prep - Test Bank Question: Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the
questions that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare team. You notice that
she does not wash her hands in between patient visits. From your microbiology background, you
understand that microbes are not visible with the naked eye. As the only nurse in your small
medical office, you provide education for Wanda on the importance of hand washing.
105.1) Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such
pathogen isStaphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is most properly
represented as _____.
A) aureus
B) Staphylococcus
C) staphylococcus
D) Aureus
Version 1 35
105.2) Wanda is receptive to the nurse’s teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of
microbes in our environment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur
hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan-
necked flasks, he disproved the concept of ________.
A) spontaneous mutation
B) spontaneous generation
C) aseptic theory
D) biogenesis
105.3) Hand washing in the healthcare environment is aimed at reducing the number of
microbes in the medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of
these terms best represents this technique?
A) Sterilization
B) Asepsis
C) Disinfection
D) Antisepsis
105.4) Viruses may also be transmitted to patients, even though they differ from bacteria
in that they are ________.
Version 1 36
106) NCLEX Prep - Test Bank Question: Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the
questions that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted to an inpatient medical
unit 2 days ago after collapsing at the local high school. Her parents knew she was skinny and
had lost weight in the past few months, but had no idea that her life was in danger. The medical
team has instituted treatment for anorexia nervosa. As you develop Breonna’s nursing plan of
care, you take into consideration the four major biological molecules that are building blocks of
all cells.
106.1) The nurse implements an extensive nutrition education plan for Breonna,
beginning at the molecular level. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the
four main families of biological molecules referred to as _____.
A) macromolecules
B) monosaccharides
C) polysaccharides
D) micromolecules
106.2) The structure of proteins is complex and unique, and only specific molecules can
interact with their surface features. The natural shape of each protein is termed the native
state. When proteins are exposed to heat, acid, or alcohol, their shape is disrupted and they
become nonfunctional or _____.
A) digested
B) denatured
C) distorted
D) depolymerized
Version 1 37
106.3) You inform Breonna that it is important for her to maintain a diet rich in
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, so that each of these macromolecules can be
metabolized to form a high-energy compound called _____.
A) cGMP
B) RNA
C) ATP
D) NAD
Version 1 38
Answer Key
1) FALSE
2) FALSE
3) FALSE
4) TRUE
5) FALSE
6) TRUE
7) TRUE
8) FALSE
9) TRUE
10) FALSE
11) TRUE
12) TRUE
Version 1 39
13) FALSE
14) TRUE
15) FALSE
16) FALSE
17) FALSE
18) TRUE
19) TRUE
20) [A, C, D, E, F, G, H]
The microbiology field studies life forms that are not readily observed
without magnification. Some of the included groups can often be
observed with the naked eye, but may spend part of their life cycle as
microscopic forms. Viruses are not cells, but they are microscopic and
can cause infection. Therefore, they too are included in the study of
microbiology.
Version 1 40
21) [A, B, C]
22) [A, C, E]
23) [A, D, E]
24) [A, D, E, F]
Version 1 41
The four main groups of macromolecules in living things are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. While oxygen and
carbon dioxide are important molecules in living things, they are not
considered macromolecules.
25) [A, B, D, E]
26) [A, C, D, E]
27) [A, C, D]
28) [A, C, E]
Version 1 42
29) B
30) A
31) D
32) D
33) D
34) A
35) B
36) C
37) C
38) B
39) C
40) E
41) E
42) D
Version 1 43
43) A
44) A
45) B
46) B
47) A
48) C
49) C
50) A
51) E
52) B
53) A
54) C
55) B
56) B
Version 1 44
57) C
58) E
59) D
60) C
61) A
62) C
63) A
64) A
65) C
66) B
67) E
68) B
69) A
70) D
Version 1 45
71) E
72) C
73) E
74) E
75) B
76) C
77) B
78) D
79) C
80) D
81) C
82) C
83) A
84) B
Version 1 46
85) B
86) D
87) A
88) D
89) D
90) A
91) A
92) D
93) B
94) A
95) A
Version 1 47
Although humans have been harnessing the work of microorganisms for
thousands of years, new technologies have arisen recently to expand
their use. Biotechnology has created a broad field of science that allows
microbes to create industrial products, foods, and drugs. Genetic
engineering technology, such as recombinant DNA technology, is a part
of the biotechnology field and has permitted the genetic alteration of
microbes and other organisms to create GMOs with unique and desirable
traits. Bioremediation involves microbes using their own metabolic traits
to clean up various wastes in human society.
96) A
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek developed the first glass lenses, taking the
initial step into the field of microscopy.
97) D
98) B
There are four levels of protein structure. Alpha helices and beta pleated
sheets are two different forms of secondary structure, which form due to
hydrogen bonding between functional groups on the protein surface.
99) A
Version 1 48
Tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins are maintained by different
bond types including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds.
Complex proteins such as antibodies are composed of multiple
polypeptide chains bound together as part of the quaternary structure of
the protein.
100) D
101) A
102) A
103) D
Version 1 49
Today, molecular approaches to taxonomy rely upon the study of an
organism's genetic composition for classification. Early on, only
morphological, structural, and nutritional analysis were means of
taxonomic classification for scientists.
104.1) A
104.2) B
104.3) A
105.1) B
105.2) B
105.3) B
105.4) D
106.1) A
106.2) B
Version 1 50
106.3) C
Version 1 51