CLUTCH

1. A single plate friction clutches of both sides effective has 300 mm outer
diameter and 160 mm inner diameter. The coefficient of friction o.2 and it runs
at 1000 rpm. Find the power transmitted for uniform wear and uniform
pressure distributions cases if allowable maximum pressure is 0.08 MPa.
2. A car engine develops maximum power of 15 kW at 1000 rpm. The clutch
used is single plate clutch both side effective having external diameter 1.25
times internal diameter µ = 0.3. Mean axial pressure is not to exceed 0.085 N/
mm2. Determine the dimension of the friction surface and the force necessary
to engage the plates. Assume uniform pressure condition.
3. Design a single plate clutch consist of two pairs of contacting surfaces for a
torque capacity of 200 N-m. Due to space limitation the outside diameter of
the clutch is to be 250mm
4. A multi plate clutch having effective diameter 250mm and 150mm has to
transmit 60 kW at 1200 rpm. The end thrust is 4.5 kN and coefficient of friction
is 0.08 calculate the number of plates assuming (i) Uniform wear and (ii)
uniform pressure distribution on the plates.
5. A multi plate clutch of alternate bronze and steel plates is to transmit 60 kW
power at 800 rpm. The inner radius is 38 mm and outer radius is 70 mm. The
coefficient of friction is 0.1 and maximum allowable pressure is 350 kN /m2
determine.
6. In a multiplate clutch radial width of the friction material is to be 0.2 of
maximum radius. The coefficient of friction is 0.25. The clutch is 60KW at
3000 rpm. Its maximum diameter is 250mm and the axial force is limited is to
600N. Determine (i) Number of driving and driven plates (ii) mean unit
pressure on each contact surface assume uniform wear
7. A Multiple plate clutch has steel on bronze is to transmit 8 KW at 1440 rpm.
The inner diameter of the contact is 80mm and outer diameter of contact
is140 mm. The clutch operates in oil with coefficient of friction of 0.1. The
overage allowable pressure is 0.35Mpa. Assume uniform wear theory and
determine the following.
a) Number of steel and bronze plates
b) Axial force required
c) Actual maximum pressure
8. A cone clutch is to transmit 7.5 KW at 600 rpm. The face width is 50mm,
mean diameter is 300mm and the face angle 15°. Assuming co efficient of
friction as 0.2, determine the axial force necessary to hold the clutch parts
together and the normal pressure on the cone surface.
9. A friction cone clutch has to transmit a torque of 200 N-m at 1440 rpm. The
longer diameter of the cone is 350mm. The cone pitch angle is 6.25°the force
width is 65mm. the coefficient of friction is 0.2. Determine i) the axial force
required to transmit the torque. ii) The average normal pressure on the
contact surface when maximum torque is transmitted.
10. An engine developing 30 KW at 1250 rpm is filled with a cone clutch. The
cone face angle of 12.5°. The mean diameter is 400 rpm µ = 0.3 and the
normal pressure is not to exceed 0.08 N / mm2. Design the clutch
11. In a simple band brake, the length of lever is 440 mm. The tight end of the
band is attached to the fulcrum of the lever and the slack end to a pin 50 mm
from the fulcrum. The diameter of the brake drum is 1 m and the arc of
contact is 300°. The coefficient of friction between the band and the drum is
0.35. The brake drum is attached to a hoisting drum of diameter 0.65 m that
sustains a load of 20 kN. Determine;
1. Force required at the end of lever to just support the load.
2. Required force when the direction of rotation is reversed.
3. Width of stee! band if the tensile stress is limited to 50 N/mnr.
12. A band brake shown in figure uses a V-belt. The pitch diameter of the V-
grooved pulley is 400 mm. The groove angle is 45° and the coefficient of
friction is 0.3. Determine the power rating
13. Figure shows a two-way band brake. It is so designed that it can operate
equally well in both clockwise and counter clockwise rotation of the brake
drum. The diameter of the drum is 400 mm and the coefficient of friction
between the band and the drum is 0.3. The angle of contact of band brake is
270° and the torque absorbed in the band brake is 400 N-m. Calculate;
a. Force F required at the end of the lever.
b. Width of the band if the allowable stress in the band is 70 MPa.
14. A plate-clutch operates at a speed of 150 rpm and delivers 75 hp. Evaluate
the horsepower delivered if the clutch runs at 750 rpm.
15. Calculate the horsepower transmitted by a shaft rotating at 1100 rpm and
subjected to a force of 120 lbs. along the axis. It carries a multiple disc-clutch
having 12 steel and 10 brass discs of outer and inner diameters 10 in. and 8
in., respectively. The coefficient of friction can be taken as 0.30.
16. A cone-clutch with inner and outer diameters of the disc as 10 in. and 12 in.,
respectively, transmits 12 hp at 1200 rpm. If the clutch can withstand a
maximum pressure of 10 psi, coefficient of friction being 0.35, calculate the
width of the disc face.
17. Evaluate the force on the spring of a cone-clutch delivering a torque of 2000
lbs.-in. The mean diameter for the disc is 18 in., the clutch angle is 10° and
the coefficient of friction is 0.30.
18. A friction cone clutch operates at 250 rpm and delivers 25 hp. Evaluate the
required cone surface width if the clutch angle is 12°, the mean radius of the
cone is 7(1 / 2) in., the maximum permissible pressure is 30 psi and the
coefficient of friction is 0.40.
19. Evaluate, under uniform wear assumption, the axial activating force 'Pa'
developed in the springs of a cone clutch with a cone angle of 12°, mean disc
diameter of 22 in., and delivering 20 hp at 1000 rpm. Assume a coefficient of
friction of 0.35.
20. A single plate clutch with both sides effective; is required to transmit 25 kw at
900 rpm. t hw outer diameter of the plate is 350 mm. the maximum intensity of
pressure over the friction surface is not to exceed 0.1 N/mm2. considering
uniform wear criteria and assuming coefficient of friction as 0.25; determine
(i) the inner diameter of the plate
(ii) axial force required to engage the clutch.
21. A multiple – disc clutch transmits 50 kw of power at 1400 rom. Axial intensity
of pressure not to exceed 0.12 1 N/mm2, and the coefficient of friction of the
friction surfaces is 0.12. the inner radius of the discs is 80 mm, and is .7 times
the outer radius. Determine number of discs required to transmit the given
power. Assume uniform wear condition.
22. A single plate clutch with both sides effective; is required to transmit 25 kw at
900 rpm. t hw outer diameter of the plate is 350 mm. the maximum intensity of
pressure over the friction surface is not to exceed 0.1 N/mm². considering
uniform wear criteria and assuming coefficient of friction as 0.25; determine
(1) the inner diameter of the plate (ii) axial force required to engage the clutch.
23. A multiple-disc clutch transmits 60 kw of power at 1400 rom. Axial intensity of
pressure not to exceed 0.12 1 N/mm², and the coefficient of friction of the
friction surfaces is 0.12. the inner radius of the discs is 80 mm, and is.7 times
the outer radius. Determine number of discs required to transmit the given
power. Assume uniform wear condition.
24. A cone clutch with asbestos friction lining, transmits 25 kw at 600 rpm. The
coefficient is 0.25 and the maximum intensity of pressure is 0.25 N/mm². The
semi cone angle is 12.5°. the outer diameter of friction lining is 250 mm.
Considering uniform wear theory. Determine
i. the inner diameter of the friction lining,
ii. the face width of friction lining and
iii. the force required to engage to the clutch.

25.
25. Plate clutch having a single driving plate with two contact surfaces on each side
is required to transmit 110 kW at 1250 rpm. The outer diameter of the contact
surfaces is to be 300 mm. The coefficient of friction is 0.4.
a. Assuming a uniform pressure of 0.17 N/mm²; determine the inner diameter of
the friction surfaces.
b. Assuming the same dimensions and the same total axial thrust, determine the
maximum torque that can be transmitted and the maximum intensity of
pressure when uniform wear conditions have been reached.
26. A single plate clutch, effective on both sides, is required to transmit 25 kW at
3000 rpm. Determine the outer and inner diameters of frictional surface if the
coefficient of friction is 0.255, ratio of diameters is 1.25 and the maximum pressure is
not to exceed 0.1 N/mm². Also, determine the axial thrust to be provided by springs.
Assume the theory of uniform wear.
27. A multi-disc clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two on the driven
shaft. The inside diameter of the contact surface is 120 mm. The maximum pressure
between the surface is limited to 0.1 N/mm². Design the clutch for transmitting 25 kW
at 1575 rpm. Assume uniform wear condition and coefficient of friction as 0.3.
28. An engine developing 45 kW at 1000 rpm. is fitted with a cone clutch built inside
the flywheel. The cone has an angle of 25° and an outside diameter of 400 mm. The
coefficient of friction is 0.2. The normal pressure on the clutch face is not to exceed
0.1 N/mm². Determine:
a. The face width required
b. The axial spring force necessary to engage the clutch.
29. A multiple disc clutch has five plates having four pairs of active friction surfaces.
If the intensity of pressure is not to exceed 0.127 N/mm², find the power transmitted
at 500 rpm. The outer and inner radii of friction surfaces are 125 mm and 75 mm
respectively. Assume uniform wear and take coefficient of friction = 0.3.
30. A multi-disc clutch has three discs on the driving shaft and two on the driven
shaft. The outside diameter of the contact surfaces is 240 mm and inside diameter
120 mm. Assuming uniform wear and coefficient of friction as 0.3, find the maximum
axial intensity of pressure between the discs for transmitting 25 kW at 1575 rpm.
 SPRING

1. Design a helical compression spring for a spring-loaded safety valve for the
following data
2. A spring-loaded safety valve for a boiler is required to blow off at a pressure of
0.8 MPa. The dia of valve seat is 90 mm and maximum lift of valve is of 10
mm. Design a suitable spring for the valve assuming the spring index as 7.
Provide an initial compression of 30 mm. Take allowable shear stress as 420
MPa.
3. A railway car weighing 20 kN and moving with a velocity of 15 kmph is to be
stopped by a buffer consisting of 4 helical compression springs in which the
maximum compression allowed is 0.3 m. Find the no. of active turns required
if the spring is made of 20 mm dia wire and 160 mm mean coil diameter. Also
find the maximum shear stress induced in the coils.
4. Design a set of helical springs to support a load of 3 KN. The spring index is 6
and deflection under load is to be 60 mm. Both springs have same free length
and are made of oil tempered steel wire.
5. Design a rectangular section helical spring to mount to a buffer to sustain a
load of 30 kN. The deflection under load is 90 mm. The spring is made of Z-
Nickle. The longer side of rectangle is twice the shorter side and the spring is
wound with longer side of rectangle parallel to the axis. The spring index is
10. Take factor of safety = 2.5
6. Design a leaf spring for the following specifications for a truck
a. Maximum load on springs = 120 kN
b. No. of springs =4
c. Material of springs = Cr Va steel
d. Span of spring = 1200 mm
e. Width of central band = 200 mm
f. Permissible deflection = 120 mm
7. A multi-leaf spring is fitted to the chasis of an automobile over a span of 1.25
m to absorb the shock due to a max load of 24 kN. The spring material can
sustain a stress of 540 MPa if all the leaves in spring were to receive the
same stress. The spring is required at least with 2 full length leaves and
remaining graduated. The leaves are assembled with bolts over a span of 100
mm at the middle. The maximum deflection is limited to 90 mm. Determine
a. The width and thickness of leaves
b. The load exerted on the bolts
c. The nip that should be provided between full length and graduated
leaves before the band is fixed.
8. A truck spring has a overall length of 1.2 m and sustain a load of 60 KN. The
spring has 3 full length and 15 graduated leaves. All the leaves are stressed
to 360 MPa when fully loaded. The ratio of total depth to width is 2. Take E =
206 GPa. Determine the width and thickness of leaves, the camber and load
exerted on band.
9. A truck spring has 3 full length and 9 graduated leaves. The span is 1.1 m and
width ral band is 150 mm. The load on spring is 9000 N. The allowable stress
is 500 MPa in all the deflection under load is 72 mm. Design the spring.
10. Design a semi-elliptical laminated spring having effective length of 500 mm
with 6 graduated and 2 full length leaves each 5 mm thick and 25 mm wide.
The permissible stress of 200 MPa. Find
(i) the central load
(ii) the deflection.
11. A semi-elliptical spring has effective length of 1 m. The spring has to sustain a
load of 75 kN. The spring has 3 full length and 16 graduated leaves. The
leaves are prestressed such that all the leaves are stressed to same value of
400 MPa when fully loaded. The width is 9 times the thickness. E = 210 GPa.
Determine:
(i) The width and thickness of leaves
(ii) (The initial gap that should be provided between full length and
graduated leaves, and
(iii) Load on clips to close the initial gap
12. A truck spring has 12 leaves 3 of which are of full length. The effective length
of the spring is 600 mm. The width and thickness of each leaf are 90 mm and
6 mm respectively. The allowable stress is 300 MPa if all the leaves are
stressed to same value. Take E=210 GPa. Find the central load and
deflection under this load.
13. A 90 mm outside dia steel coil spring having 8 active coils of 15 mm wire dia
is placed on the top of a steel cantilever spring having 6 graduated leaves
each 120 mm wide and 9 mm thick as shown in Fig. 2.23.
(i) What force F if gradually applied to the top of coil will cause
cantilever to deflect by 60 mm. Take E = 206 GPa and G=80 GPa.
(ii) What is the bending stress in the leaves?
(iii) What is the shear stress in the coils?
(iv) What are the energies stored by each spring?
14. Design a helical spring to support a tensile load of 6 KN and to have a
stiffness of 100 N/mm. The spring index is 6. The spring is made of steel
having allowable stress of 300 MPa. Take G = 80 GPa.
15. A helical torsion spring is to support a torque of 12 Nm. The bending stress is
limited to 300 MPa. Deflection is to be 30 mm. The spring index is 6. Take E =
206 GPa. Design the spring.
16. A disc spring is made of 2 mm steel with outside and inside diameters of 100
mm and 40 mm. The spring has an inner height of 4 mm. Determine the force
required to deflect the spring by 1.5 mm. Also find the resulting stresses at the
inner and outer edges. Take Poisson ratio = 0.28 and modulus of elasticity = 2
× 105 MPa.
17. A machine uses a pair of concentric helical compression springs to support a
known static load. Both springs are made of steel and have the same length
when loaded and when unloaded. Find: Calculate the deflection and the
maximum stress in each spring.
18. A helical coil spring with given D and d is wound with a known pitch value.
The material is ASTM B197 beryllium copper spring wire. Find: If the spring is
compressed solid, would you expect it to return to its original free-length when
the force is removed?
19. A helical compression spring is to be made with given wire diameter, outside
diameter, and number of active coils. The least expensive steel spring wire is
to be used, and presetting will not be used.
Find:
(a) Estimate the maximum static load that can be applied without
encountering more than 2% long-term set.
(b) What is the spring rate?
(c) What should be the free-length in order that the spring becomes solid
when load determined in (a) is applied?
(d) Would buckling problems be encountered if one end plate is free to
tilt?
20. A helical compression spring with squared and ground ends is to be designed
with given force and deflection requirement. Presetting is to be used. The
loading is static. Find: Determine appropriate values for D, N, and L. Check
for possible buckling.
21. A helical compression spring with squared and ground ends is to be made of
steel, and presetting is to be used. The loading is static. Find: Determine D, d,
N, and Lf
22. A helical compression spring used for essentially static loading has known d,
D, and N and squared and ground ends. It is made of ASTM A227 cold drawn
steel wire.

Find: (a) Compute the spring rate and the solid height.
(b) Estimate the greatest load that can be applied without causing long-
term permanent set-in excess of 2%.
(c) What spring free-length will result in the load determined in (b) just
causing the spring to become solid?
23. A particular machine requires a helical compression spring, having ends
squared and ground, to support a known essentially static load. The spring
constant, the stress at the design load, and D are known. The clash allowance
is to be 0.10 in. Find: Determine N, d, and Lf
24. A coil spring with squared and ground ends is to operate with a load which
fluctuates between 45 and 90 lb, during which the deflection is to vary by 1/2
in. Mean coil diameter is 2 in. Steel wire corresponding to shot-peened wire in
Fig. 12.16 is to be used. The effect of presetting is not to be taken into
account. Find: Choose an appropriate clash allowance, and determine
appropriate values for N, d, and Lf.
25. A force of 4.45 kN is required to engage a clutch similar to the one shown in
Fig. 18.2. This force is to be provided by nine identical springs equally spaced
around the pressure plate of the clutch. The outside diameter of the coils can
be no more than 40 mm, and the length of the springs when the clutch is
engaged cannot exceed 52 mm. The pressure plate must move 3 mm to
disengage the friction surfaces, and the lowest spring rate reasonably
possible is desired. Find: Design the springs, determining a satisfactory
combination of D, d, N, wire material, type of ends, Ls, and Lf.
26. A helical compression spring is to be designed for infinite life when subjected
to a known fluctuating load. Su, Sus, Sy, Sys, and a zero-to-maximum
torsional endurance limit are known for the steel spring wire. The value of C =
7 and safety factor = 1. Find: Determine the wire diameter theoretically
required: (a) if presetting is not used (b) if presetting is used to maximum
advantage.
27. The specifications for a coil spring are known. Infinite fatigue life is required,
using a safety factor of 1.3 applied to the maximum load only. The fatigue
strength can be represented by a line between Tmax = 600, Tmin = 0 and
Tmax = Tmin = 900 MPa. Find: Determine a suitable combination of d, D, and
N.
28. A valve spring is subjected to the accelerations shown. The critical point for
the spring is the valve lift of 0.201 in. A larger spring force is required at
maximum valve lift (0.384 in.) but this is easily satisfied because the spring is
further compressed. The specifications of the valve spring are known. High
quality valve spring wire is to be used, and full advantage taken of both shot-
peening and presetting. The fatigue failure will not occur if the calculated
stress with spring solid is limited to 800 MPa. Ends are to be closed and
ground. Find: Determine a suitable combination of d, D, N, and L.
29. A helical spring is made from a wire of 6 mm diameter and has outside
diameter 75 mm. If the permissible shear stress is 350 MPa and modulus of
rigidity 84 kN/mm². Find the axial load which the spring can carry and the
deflection per active turn.
30. Design a spring for a balance to measure 0 to 1000 N over a scale of length
80 mm. The spring is to be enclosed in a casing of 25 mm diameter. The
approximate number of turns is 30. The modulus of rigidity is 85 kN/mm², also
calculate the maximum shear stress induced.
 CHAINS AND SPROCKETS
1. A single-strand chain No. 12A is used in a mechanical drive. The driving
sprocket has 17 teeth and rotates at 1000rpm. What is the factor of safety
used for standard power rating? Neglect centrifugal force acting on the chain.
2. A chain drive is used in a special purpose vehicle, The vehicle is run by a
30kW rotary engine. There is a separate mechanical drive from the engine
shaft to the intermediate shaft. The driving sprocket is fixed to this
intermediate shaft. The efficiency of the drive between the engine and the
intermediate shaft is 90%. The driving sprocket has 17teeth and it rotates at
300rpm. The driven sprocket rotates at 100rpm. Assume moderate shock
conditions and select a suitable four-strand chain for this drive.
3. It is required to design a chain drive to connect 5kW, 1400rpm electric motor
to a drilling machine. The speed reduction is 3:1. The center distance should
approximately 500mm.
(i) Select a proper roller chain for the drive.
(ii) Determine the number of chain links.
(iii) Specify the correct center distance between the axes of sprockets.
4. A 7.5 KW electric motor running at 1400rpm is used to drive the input shaft of
the gear box of a machine. Design a suitable roller chain to connect the motor
shaft to the gearbox shaft to give an exact speed ration of 10:1. The center-to-
center distance of the shaft is to be approximately 600mm.
5. A 7.5 KW electric motor running at 1400rpm is used to drive the input shaft of
the gear box of a special purpose machine. Design a suitable roller chain to
connect the motor shaft to the gear box shaft to give an exact speed ratio of
10 to 1. Assume the minimum centre distance between driver and driven shaft
as 600 rpm.
6. A bucket elevator is to be driven by geared motor and a roller chain drive with
the information given below. Motor output - 3KW, speed of motor shaft - 100
rpm, elevator drive shaft speed – 42rpm, load - even. Distance between
centres of sprockets - approximately = 1.2 m, period of operation 16 hour/day.
Geared motor is mounted on an auxiliary bed for centre distance adjustments.
Design the chain drive.
7. A chain and sprocket have 18 teeth with chain pitch of 1/2 in. Find the pitch
diameter of sprocket.

8. A chain and sprocket have 24 teeth with chain pitch of 1/2 in. If the sprocket
turns at 600 rpm, find the speed of chain.
9. A chain and sprocket has a pitch diameter of 9.56 in and pitch of 3/4 in. How
many teeth are there in sprocket?

10. A chain and sprocket has a pitch diameter of 28.654 in and there are 90 teeth
available. Find the pitch of the chain.
11. A fan requires at least 4.5 hp to deliver 18000 CFM of air running at 320 rpm.
For a service factor of 1.15, find the designed horsepower of the sprocket.

12. A 20-tooth driving sprocket that rotates at 600rpm and pitch chain of ½in
drives a driven sprocket with a speed of 200rpm. Find the diameter of the
driven sprocket.
13. A chain with speed 800 fpm has driving sprocket turns 900 rpm. If the pitch of
chain is 3/4 in, find the number of teeth of driving sprocket
14. Find the standard distance between sprocket having 4 in and 16 in in
diameters

15. An 18 teeth sprocket is driving with 98 teeth sprocket at a distance of 34

pitches. Find the chain length in pitches.
16. A sprocket with 8 in diameter and pitch of 3/4 in drives another sprocket at
standard center distance of 48 pitches. Find the diameter of larger sprocket.

17. A driving sprocket with 12 teeth drives another sprocket with 48 teeth by
means of a chain having pitch of 1/2 in. If chain length is 72 in, find the center
distance between sprockets.
18. A certain farm equipment which requires 2200 N-m torque at 500 rpm has
diesel engine to operate at 1500 rpm as its prime mover. A no. 60 roller chain
with total length of 60 pitches and a small sprocket of 23 teeth are to be used
with operating temperature to remain constant at 45.Determine the number of
teeth of the larger sprocket.

19. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope has a wire rope diameter of 50.8 mm and sheave
diameter of 40 in. Find the bending stress of the rope.
20. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope has a wire rope diameter of 2 in and sheave diameter
of 50 in. Find equivalent bending load of the rope.
21. A mine hoist is to carry a cage loaded with ore at a total load of 8 tons. The
depth of mine shaft is 328 ft. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope with rope diameter of 1.75
in. is to be use with sheave diameter of 39 in. The cage loaded is to start from
rest and will attain a maximum velocity of 525 fpm in 10 seconds. Find the
total load of the rope.
22. A wire rope is used with total load of 9000 kg and bending load of 50,000 kg.
If bearing strength of the rope is 110,000 kg, find the factor of safety of the
rope.

23. What is the factor of safety when 0.50 in, 6 x 19 medium plow steel wire rope
carrying an 8820 lbs. load is bent around a 24 in. sheave if breaking strength
of rope is 8.13 tons?
24. In a high rise building, the elevator rises at a height of 1200 ft with an
acceleration of 3.84 ft/s2 and loaded with 2000 kg. determine the number of
15.6 mm diameter ropes needed if total load in each rope is 2178.77 lbs.
25. Determine the probable bending stress and equivalent bending load in a 1 1/2
in. 6 x 19 steel rope made from a 0.095in. wire when it is used on a 92 in.
sheave.

26. Determine the probable bending load and equivalent bending load in a 2 in. 6
x 9 steel rope made from a 0.095 in. wire when it is used on a 90 in. sheave.
27. Determine the width of a 6-ply rubber belt required for a ventilating fan
running at 150 rpm driven from a 12-inch pulley on a 70 Hp at 800 rpm. The
center distance be pulley is 12 ft and the rated belt tension is 78.0 lb/in width.
28. An electric motor running at 1200 rpm drives a punch press shaft at 200 rpm
by means of a 130 mm wide and 8mm thick belt. When the clutch is engaged
the belt slips. To correct this condition, an idler pulley was installed to increase
the angle of contact but the same belt and pulley were used. The original
contact angle on the 200 mm motor pulley is 160 degrees. The original
tension ratio is 2.4 and the net tension is 12 N/mm of the belt width. If the
increase in transmission capacity of 20% will prevent slippage, determine:
The coefficient of friction
29. An electric motor running at 1200 rpm drives a punch press shaft at 200 rpm
by means of a 130 mm wide and 8mm thick belt. When the clutch is engaged
the belt slips. To correct this condition, an idler pulley was installed to increase
the angle of contact but the same belt and pulley were used. The original
contact angle on the 200 mm motor pulley is 160 degrees. The original
tension ratio is 2.4 and the net tension is 12 N/mm of the belt width. If the
increase in transmission capacity of 20% will prevent slippage, determine the
tension at the slack side in the original installation.
30. A 2 ½ in (8.9 cm) diameter shaft is driven at 3600 rpm by a 400 Hp (298.3
KW) motor. The shaft drives a 48 in (1221.9 cm) diameter chain sprocket
having an output efficiency of 85%. Determine: Torque in the shaft
 BRAKES

1. The block type hand brake shown in fig. 3.1 la has a face width of 45 mm. The
friction material permits a maximum pressure of 0.6 MPa and a coefficient of
friction of 0.24. Determine; 1. Effort F, 2. Maximum torque, 3. Heat generated
if the speed of the drum is 100 rpm and the brake is applied for 5 sec. at full
capacity to bring the shaft to stop.
2. A 400 mm radius brake drum contacts a single shoe as shown in fjg.3.12a,
and sustains 200 N-m torque at 500 rpm. For a coefficient of friction 0.25,
determine:

a) Normal force on the shoe.

b) Required force F to apply the brake for clockwise rotation.
c) Required force F to apply the brake for counter clockwise rotation.
d) The dimension c required to make the brake self-locking, assuming the
other dimensions remains the same.
e) Heat generated.
3. A simple band brake operates on a drum 0.6 m in diameter rotating at 200
rpm. The coefficient of friction is 0.25 and the angle of contact of the band is
270°. One end of the band is fastened to a fixed pin and the other end to 125
mm from the fixed pin. The brake arm is 750 mm long.
(i) What is the minimum pull necessary at the end of the brake arm
to stop the wheel if 35 kW is being absorbed? What is the
direction of rotation for minimum pull?
(ii) Find the width of 2.4 mm thick steel band if the maximum tensile
stress is not to exceed 55 N/mm2
4. In a simple band brake, the length of lever is 440 mm. The tight end of the
band is attached to the fulcrum of the lever and the slack end to a pin 50 mm
from the fulcrum. The diameter of the brake drum is 1 m and the arc of
contact is 300°. The coefficient of friction between the band and the drum is
0.35. The brake drum is attached to a hoisting drum of diameter 0.65 m that
sustains a load of 20 kN. Determine;
a. Force required at the end of lever to just support the load.
b. Required force when the direction of rotation is reversed.
c. Width of stee! band if the tensile stress is limited to 50 N/mnr.
5. A band brake shown in figure uses a V-belt. The pitch diameter of the V-
grooved pulley is 400 mm. The groove angle is 45° and the coefficient of
friction is 0.3. Determine the power rating
6. Figure shows a two-way band brake. It is so designed that it can operate
equally well in both clockwise and counter clockwise rotation of the brake
drum. The diameter of the drum is 400 mm and the coefficient of friction
between the band and the drum is 0.3. The angle of contact of band brake is
270° and the torque absorbed in the band brake is 400 N-m. Calculate;

a. Force F required at the end of the lever.

b. Width of the band if the allowable stress in the band is 70 MPa.
7. The brake shown in the Fig. has a coefficient of friction of 0.30. If the band
width is 50 mm, find the band tensions and the braking torque.
8. A differential band brake has a force of 220 N applied at the end of the lever
as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction is 0.4. The wrapping angle is
180˚. If a clockwise torque of 450 N.m is applied to the drum. Determine the
maximum and minimum force in the band. What is the maximum toque that
the brake may be sustain for anticlockwise direction? Check if the brake is self
locking in both direction of rotation.
9. A differential band brake has a force of 220 N applied at the end of the lever
as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction is 0.4. The wrapping angle is
240˚. If a clockwise torque of 450 N.m is applied to the drum. Determine the
maximum and minimum force in the band. What is the maximum toque that
the brake may be sustain for anticlockwise direction? Check if the brake is self
locking in both direction of rotation.
10. A single block brake is shown in Figure. The diameter of the drum is 300mm
and the angle of contact is 900. IF the operating force of N is applied at the
end of a lever and the coefficient of friction between the drum and lining is 0.3
determine the torque that may be transmitted by the block brake.
11. The speed of an elevator is controlled by a dippential band brake shown in
Figure 1, with the following specifications:
a. coefficient of friction between drum and lining = 0.25.
b. band width, 'bw' = 3.0in.
c. drum radius, 'ra' = 10.0 in
d. brake arm length, 'a' = 28 in.
e. dimention, 'b' = 12.0 in
f. (4) dimension, 'c' = 3.0 in.
g. angle of wrap, ‘O” 275 degrees
Calculate:
i. The braking torque and activating porce OF an ultimate
pressure of 10 psi. on the basis
ii. The new length 'c' at which the brake will be self-locking.
12. A single-block brake arrangement as shown in the figure below is used to
regulate the speed of a drum. The brake arm is pivoted at paint 3. The 15 in.
drum revolves at 120 rpm and delivers 7(1/2) hp. Dimensions, a, b and c 3 in.,
sin., are and 10 in., respectively. Evaluate and compare the brake actuating
Force Required to stop the drum for clockwise and anticlockwise rotations.
13. A brake has a difference in band tension of 4 KN. The drum diameter is 1
meter and rotating at 300 rpm. Determine the power needed to drive the drum

14. In a brake, the tension on tight side is thrice the slack side. If coefficient of
friction is 0.25, find the angle of contact of the band.

15. A simple band brake has a 76 cm drum and fitted with a still band 2/5 cm thick
lined with a brake lining having a coefficient of friction of 0.25. The arc of
contact is 245 degrees. The drum is attached to a 60 cm hoisting drum, that
sustains a rope load of 820 kg. Find the tension at the slack side.

16. A steel band has a maximum tensile stress of 55 MPa and thick of 4 mm, If
the tension in tight side is 6 KN, what width of band should be used?
17. A band brake has a straight brake arm of 1.5 m and is placed perpendicular to
the diameter bisecting the angle of contact of 270 degrees which is 200 mm
from the end of slack side.

18. The band of a band brake has 210 degrees of contact with its own drum. It is
found that the pull on the tight side is 800 lbs and the pull on the slack side is
285 lbs. Determine the coefficient of friction.

19. The ratio of band tension in a band brake is 4. If the angle of contact is 260
degrees, determine the coefficient of friction.

20. A band brake has an angle of contact of 280 degrees and is to sustain a
torque of 10,000in-lb. The band bears against a cast iron drum of 14 in
diameter. The coefficient of friction is 0.30. Find the difference in band tension.
21. A band brake is installed on a drum rotating at 250 rpm and a diameter of 900
mm. The angle of contact is 1.5л rad and one end of band brake is fastened
to a fix pin while the other end to the brake arm 150 mm from the fixed pin.
The coefficient of friction is 0.25 and the straight brake arm is 1000 mm long
and is placed perpendicular to the diameter bisecting the angle of contact.
Determine the minimum force in Newtons applied at the end of the brake arm
necessary to stop the drum if 60 KW is being absorbed.
22. A band brake use to fastened to a 900 mm brake drum with tight side is 3
times the slack side of force. The torque transmitted is 2 KN-m and a steel
band with a maximum tensile stress of 60 MPa and 3 mm thick will be used.
What should be its width in mm?

23. A simple band brake has a 76 cm drum with coefficient of friction of 0.25 and
arc of contact of 245˚. The drum sustains a load of 820 kg and rotates at 260
rpm. Find the power absorbed by the band.
24. Determine the internal load expressed in lb-ft2 of a brake that requires 900 in-
lb of torque to stop a shaft operating at 840 rpm in a period of 3.5 seconds.

25. Calculate the braking torque if tension in the two sides is 3500N and 1980N
with radius of drum being 160mm.

26. A solid cast iron disk of mass 1000kg is rotating at 350rpm. Diameter of the
disk is 1m and time taken to come to stop the disk by brake is 1.6sec.
Calculate energy absorbed by the brake if square of radius of gyration is 0.2.
27. A solid cast iron disk of mass 1000kg is rotating at 350rpm. Diameter of the
disk is 1m and time taken to come to stop the disk by brake is 1.6sec. Square
of radius of gyration is 0.2. Calculate the angle through which disk rotated
during braking period.

28. A solid cast iron disk of mass 1000kg is rotating at 350rpm. Diameter of the
disk is 1m and time taken to come to stop the disk by brake is 1.6sec. Square
of radius of gyration is 0.2. Calculate the average angular velocity during
braking period.

29. A solid cast iron disk of mass 1000kg is rotating at 350rpm. Diameter of the
disk is 1m and time taken to come to stop the disk by brake is 1.6sec. Square
of radius of gyration is 0.2. Calculate the torque capacity of the brake.
30. A drum brake is shown in the figure. The drum is rotating in anticlockwise
direction. The coefficient of friction between drum and shoe is 0.2. The
dimensions shown in the figure are in mm. The braking torque (in N.m) for the
brake shoe is
 GEARS
1. Find the distance between centers of a pair of gears, one of which has 12
teeth Find the distance between centers of a pair of gears, one of which has
12 teeth and the other is 37 teeth. The diametral pitch is 7.

2. Determine the pitch diameter of a gear with 28 teeth, 4 diametral pitch.

3. Two parallel shafts have an angular velocity ratio of 3 to 1 are connected by

gears the largest by which has 36 teeth. Find the number of teeth of smaller
gear.

4. Two parallel shafts have a center distance of 15 in. One of the shafts carries a
40-tooth 2 diametral pitch gear which drives a gear on the other shaft at a
speed of 150 rpm. How fast is the 40-tooth gear turning?
5. A 14.5 degrees full-depth involute gear has an outside diameter of 8.5 and
diametral pitch of 4. Find the number of teeth.

6. A pair of meshing gears has a diametral pitch of 10, a center distance of 2,6
inch and velocity ratio of 1:6. Determine the number of teeth of smaller gear.
7. A spur gear 20 degrees full-depth involute teeth has an outside diameter of
196 mm and a module of 6.5. Determine the number of teeth.

8. What is the pitch diameter of a 40 teeth spur gear having a circular pitch of
1.5708

9. How many revolutions per minute is a spur gear turning at, if it has 28 teeth, a
circular pitch of 0.7854 in and a pitch line velocity of 12 ft/sec?
10. How many revolutions per minute is a spur gear turning if it has a module of 2
mm, 40 teeth, and pitch line velocity of 2500 mm/sec?

11. Given the pitch radius and lead of a helical gear, to determine the helix angle:

12. Given the arc tooth thickness and pressure angle in the plane of rotation of a
helical gear at a given radius, 10' determine its tooth thickness at any other
radius
13. Given the helix angle, normal diametral pitch and numbers of teeth, to
determine the center distance:

14. Given the, circular pitch and pressure angle in the plane of rotation and the
helix angle of a helical gear, to determine the normal circular pitch and the
normal pressure angle:

15. Given the normal circular pitch, the normal pressure angle and the helix angle
01 a helical gear, to determine the circular pitch and the pressure angle in the
plane of rotation:

16. Given the Pitch, radius and helix angle of a helical 'gear, to determine the lead
of the tooth.
17. Given tile proportions of a pair of helical gears (external, or internal)., to
determine tile total contact ratio:

18. Gillen the number of teeth helix angle and proportions of the normal basic
rack of a helical gear to determine the pitch radius and the base radius:

19. A pair of worm gears is designated as (1/30/10/8). The center distance

between the worm and worm wheel is 160 mm

20. The main advantage of worm gear drive is high velocity ratio

21. To make the worm gear drive reversible, it is necessary to increase

22. For proper meshing of the worm and worm wheel, the axial pitch of the worm
compared with circular pitch of worm wheel should be

23. A worm gear drive consists of double start worm meshing with a 50 teeth
worm wheel. The velocity ratio is

24. A pair of worm gear is written as 2/40/12/6. Calculate the pitch circle diameter
of worm wheel
25. A pair of bevel gears is transmitting 10 kW from a pinion rotating at 600 rpm to
gear mounted on a shaft which intersects the pinion shaft at an angle of 60o.
The pinion has an outside pitch diameter of 200 mm, a pressure angle of 20o
and a face width of 40 mm, and the gear shaft is rotating at 200 rpm.
Determine (a) the pitch angles for the gears, (b) the forces on the gear, and
(c) the torque produced about the shaft axis
26. A 20 degrees full depth straight tooth gear has a face width of 3 ¾ in and a
pitch diameter of 12 in with cone pitch angle of 37.5 degrees. Find the mean
diameter

27. A straight tooth bevel gear has a face width of 4” and a pitch diameter of 14 in
with cone pitch angle of 40 degrees. If the torque on the gear is 8000 in-lb,
what is the tangential force on the gear?

28. A pair of straight tooth bevel gear connect a pair of shafts 90 degrees. The
velocity ratio is 3 to 1. What is the cone pitch angle of smaller gear?

29. A spiral bevel pinion with a left hand spiral rotates clockwise transmits power
to a mating gear with speed ratio of 2 to 1. Determine the pitch angle of the
pinion.
30. A spiral bevel pinion with a left hand spiral transmits 4 hp at 1200 rpm to a
mating gear. The mean diameter of the pinion is 3 in. Find the tangential force
at the mean radius of the gear.
 CHAINS AND BELTS

1. A piece of equipment is driven by a 15-hp motor through a standard B90 V-Belt

(length correction factor is 1.8 in). The motor runs at 1250 rpm. The nominal
speed of the equipment must be 600 rpm. Considering that the motor sheave
diameter is 10 inches, compute the nearest pitch diameter of the sheave on
the equipment.

2. Compute the surface velocity of a pulley 18 inches in diameter mounted on a

shaft running at 350 rpm.

3. A piece of equipment is driven by a 15-hp motor through a standard 890 V-Belt

(length correction factor is 1.8 in). The motor runs at 1250 rpm. The nominal
speed of the equipment must be 600 rpm. Compute the pitch length of the belt
if the motor sheave diameter is 10 inches.

4. What horsepower is to be taken off the driven shaft of an open-belt drive

operated under the following conditions: driving pulley 84 in. in diameter, driven
pulley 48 in. in diameter, speed of driving pulley 150 rpm, total tension on tight
side of belt 300 lb. total tension on slack side of belt 50 lb?
5. A double-ply leather belt transmits 10 hp from a motor with a pulley 8 in. in
diameter, running at 1,700 rpm, to a 24 in. diameter pulley. The difference in
tension may be taken as 20 lb per inch of belt width. Belt thickness is 0.2 in.
Calculate width of belt.

6. A¼-in belt transmits 30 hp while running on a 2-ft pulley rotating at 600 rpm.
The allowable belt stress is 500 psi; the angle of contact is 150 deg. Compute
the belt width required, assuming the coefficient of friction is 0.40 and the
specific weight of belt material is 0.035 lb/in³

7. Compute the centrifugal force for a leather belt with the following given: w =
100 mm, thickness = 6.4 mm, V = 18.3 m/s. Note: the density of leather bet is
approximately 0.035 lb/in.3 or 974 kg/m³
8. Two pulleys which are 24 inches in diameter and which run at 370 rpm are
connected by a leather belt 3/8 inch thick. If the belt transmits 30 Hp and the
distance between shafts is 10 ft, what is the approximate length of the belt
required?

9. Two pulleys which are 24 inches in diameter and which run at 370 rpm are
connected by a leather belt 3/8 inch thick. If the belt transmits 30 Hp and the
distance between shafts is 10 ft, compute the width of the belt required
considering the allowable design stress of 400 psi, the coefficient of friction is
0.45 with contact angle of 180 deg.
10. A 75 Hp, 750 rpm motor with 610 mm pulley is connected by a flat belt to a
2000 mm flywheel on a machine. The distance between their centers is 3000
mm. The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.32 and the
allowable tensile stress on the belt is 2.1 MPa. The angle of contact on the
pulley is 140 deg. Compute the width of the 8 mm medium leather belt
considering that the density 9.7 x 107 kg/mm³.
11. An open belt drive connects a 450 mm driving pulley to another driven pulley
1400 mm in diameter. The belt is 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The
coefficient of friction of the belt drive is 0.30 and the mass of the belt is 2.8
kg/m of the belt length. Determine the maximum power that can be transmitted
considering the following specifications: center to center distance is 4 m, the
maximum allowable tensile stress is 1500 kPa, and the speed of driving pulley
is 900 rpm.

12. An open belt drive connects a 450 mm driving pulley to another driven pulley
1400 mm in diameter. The belt is 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. Determine
the arc of contact between the belt and the pulley considering that the center
distance is 4 m.
13. An open belt drive connects a 450 mm driving pulley to another driven pulley
1400 mm in diameter. The belt is 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The
coefficient of friction of the belt drive is 0.30 and the mass of the belt is 2.8
kg/m of the belt length. Compute the load on the shaft considering the
following specifications: center to center distance is 4 m, the maximum
allowable tensile stress is 1.5 MPa and the speed of driving pulley is 900 rpm.
14. A 914 mm driving pulley and a 1219 mm driven pulley are arranged on a 3
meter centers. The output of the driven shaft is 84 Hp. The belt speed is
assume to be 1280 m/min with a coefficient of friction of 0.30 and a slip of
1.5% each pulley. Determine the rpm of the driving shaft.

15. A 914 mm driving pulley and a 1219 mm driven pulley are arranged on a 3
meter centers. The output of the driven shaft is 84 Hp. The belt speed is
assumed to be 1280 m/min with a coefficient of friction of 0.30 and a slip of
1.5% each pulley. Determine the rpm of the driven shaft.

16. A 914 mm driving pulley and a 1219 mm driven pulley are arranged on a 3
meter centers. The output of the driven shaft is 84 Hp. The belt speed is
assumed to be 1280 m/min with a coefficient of friction of 0.30 and a slip of
1.5% each pulley. Determine the speed of the driver
17. A 914 mm driving pulley and a 1219 mm driven pulley are arranged on a 3-
meter centers. The output of the driven shaft is 84 Hp. The belt speed is
assumed to be 1280 m/min with a coefficient of friction of 0.30 and a slip of
1.5% each pulley. Determine the power input at the driver considering that the
friction loss is 5% on each shaft.

18. A 914 mm driving pulley and a 1219 mm driven pulley are arranged on a 3
meter centers. The output of the driven shaft is 84 Hp. The belt speed is
assumed to be 1280 m/min with a coefficient of friction of 0.30 and a slip of
1.5% each pulley. Compute the difference in belt tensions considering that the
friction loss is 5% on each shaft.
19. An open belt drive connects a 450 mm driving pulley to another driven pulley
1000 mm in diameter. The belt is 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The
coefficient of friction of the Det drive is 0.30 and the mass of the belt is 2.8
kg/m of the belt length. What is the maximum power rating that can be
transmitted considering the following data: center distance between shafts is 4
meters, maximum allowable tensile stress on the belt is 1500 kPa and the
speed of the driving pulley is 900 rpm.
20. An open belt drive connects a 450 mm driving pulley to another driven pulley
1000 mm in diameter. The belt is 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The
coefficient of friction of the belt drive is 0.30 and the mass of the belt is 2.8
kg/m of the belt length. What is the load on the shaft considering the following
data: center distance between shafts is 4 meters, maximum allowable tensile
stress on the belt is 1500 kPa and the speed of the driving pulley is 900 rpm

21. An ammonia compressor is driven by a 20 kW motor. The compressor and the

motor are 360 rpm and 1750 rpm respectively. The small sheave has a pitch
diameter of 152.4 mm. If the belt to be used is standard C-120 (with length of
122.9 in or 3121.7 mm), compute the center distance between the sheaves.
22. An ammonia compressor is driven by a 20 kW motor. The compressor and the
motor are 360 rpm and 1750 rpm respectively. The small sheave has a pitch
diameter of 152.4 mm. If the belt to be used is standard C-120 (with length of
122.9 in or 3121.7 mm), what is the approximate arc of contact?

23. A V-belt is to transmit 50 Hp to an ammonia compressor. The sheave is 8

inches in diameter and turns at 1150 rpm, while the larger sheave tums at 400
rpm. The service factor may be taken as 1.5 and the center distance is equal
to the diameter of the larger sheave. Compute the length of the belt.
24. A flat belt is 6 inches wide and 1/3 inch thick and transmits 20 Hp. The center
distance is 8 ft. The driving pulley is 6 inches in diameter and rotates at 2 000
rpm such that the loose side of the belt is on top. The driven pulley is 18 inches
in diameter. The belt material is 0.035 lb/in³ and the coefficient of friction is
0.30. Compute the belt net tension.

25. Two shafts 3.6 m between centers carry pulleys 1.2 m in diameter and 0.91 m
in diameter respectively, connected by a crossed belt. It is desired to put the
belt on as an open belt. How long a piece must be cut of it?
26. A 20-tooth motor sprocket, running at 1200 rpm, drives a blower at a speed
ratio of 4:1. Compute the length of chain in pitches is required to connect the
sprockets by using the largest permissible chain size with the largest
permissible center distance of 80 pitches.

27. Find the angle of contact on the small pulley for a belt drive a center distance
of 72 inches if pulley diameters are 6 in. and 12 in. respectively.
28. Determine the belt length of an open belt to connect the 6cm and 12 cm
diameter pulley at a center distance of 72 cm

29. A 12 cm pulley turning at 600 rpm is driving a 20 cm pulley by means of belt. If

total belt slip is 5%, determine the speed of driving gear.

30. A belt connected pulleys has 10 cm diameter and 30 cm diameter. If center

distance is 50 cm, determine the angle of contact of smaller pulley.
 WIRE ROPES
1. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope diameter of 44.5 mm is to be used for hoisting. Find
the weight of the rope if the depth of mine hoist is 100

2. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope has a rope diameter of 50.8 mm and sheave diameter
of 40 in. Find the bending stress of the rope.

3. A 6 x 19 IPS rope diameter of 2 in and sheave diameter of 50 in. Find the

equivalent bending load of the rope.
4. A mine hoist is to carry a cage loaded with ore at a load of 8 tons. The depth
of mine shaft is 328 ft. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope with rope diameter of 1.75 in. is
to be use with sheave diameter of 39 in. The cage loaded is to start from rest
and will attain a maximum velocity of 525 fpm in 10 seconds. Find the total
load of the rope.

5. A wire rope is used with total load of 9,000 kg and bending load of 50,000 kg.
If bearing strength of the rope is 110,000 kg, find the factor of safety of the
rope.

6. What is the factor of safety when a 0.5 in, 6 x 19 medium plow steel wire rope
carrying a 8820 lb load is bent around a 24 in sheave if breaking strength of
rope is 8.13 tons
7. In a high rise building, the elevator rises at a height of 1200ft with an
acceleration of 3.84 ft/s2 and loaded with 2000 kg. Determine the number of
15.6 mm diameter ropes needed if the total load in each rope is 2178.77 lbs.

8. Determine the probable bending stress and equivalent bending load in a 1½

in 6 x 19 steel rope made from a 0.095 in wire when it is used on a 92 in
sheave.

9. Determine the probable bending load and equivalent bending load in a 2 in 6

x 9 steel rope made from a 0.098 in wire, when it is used on a 90 in sheave.
10. A wire rope lifts a load of 10 kips at a maximum speed of 1000 fpm, attained
in 5 seconds starting from rest. The rope has a cross sectional area of 0.4
in2 . Compute the maximum tensile stress on the rope in ksi.
11. A pulley used to transmit power by means of ropes has a diameter of 3.6
metres and has 15 grooves of 45° angle. The angle of contact is 170° and the
coefficient of friction between the ropes and the groove sides is 0.28. The
maximum possible tension in the ropes is 960 N and the mass of the rope is
1.5 kg per metre length. Determine the speed of the pulley in rpm and the
power transmitted if the condition of maximum power prevail.
12. A rope pulley with 10 ropes and a peripheral speed of 1500 m/min transmits
115 kW. The angle of lap for each rope is 180° and the angle of groove is 45°.
The coefficient of friction between the rope and pulley is 0.2. Assuming the
rope to be just on the point of slipping, find the tension in the tight and slack
sides of the rope. The mass of each rope is 0.6 kg per metre length.
13. A rope drive transmits 600 kW from a pulley of effective diameter 4 m, which
runs at a speed of 90 r.p.m. The angle of lap is 160°; the angle of groove 45°;
the coefficient of friction 0.28; the mass of rope 1.5 kg/m and the allowable
tension in each rope 2400 N. Find the number of ropes required.
14. A rope drive is to transmit 250 kW from a pulley of 1.2 m diameter, running at
a speed of 300 r.p.m. The angle of lap may be taken as л radians. The groove
half angle is 22.5°. The ropes to be used are 50 mm in diameter. The mass of
the rope is 1.3 kg per metre length and each rope has a maximum pull of 2.2
N, the coefficient of friction between rope and pulley is 0.3. Determine the
number of ropes required. If the overhang of the pulley is 0.5 m, suggest
suitable size for the pulley shaft if it is made of steel with a shear stress of 40
MPa.
15. A 1 ½ in, 6 x 19 plow steel rope made from a 1/12 in wire is used in the cage
of a mine hoist. The mine hoist is 600 ft deep and the cage should accelerates
at 5 ft/s2 . Calculate the bending load for a sheave diameter of 12 ft. Use Su
=200 ksi, and Ar = 0.404 dr2 . Unit weight of the rope is 1.6 dr2 in lb/ft.
16. A 1 ½ in, 6 x 19 plow steel rope made from a 1/12 in wire is used in the cage
of a mine hoist carrying 1 metric ton of ore. The mine hoist is 600 ft deep and
the cage should accelerate at 5 ft/s2. Calculate the total tensile load for a
sheave diameter of 12 ft. Use Su =200 ksi, and Ar = 0.404 dr2 . Unit weight of
the rope is 1.6 dr2 in lb/ft.

17. A 6 X 19 steel rope made from a 1/16 in wire is used on a 92 in sheave.

Determine the probable bending stress.
18. Find the approximate cross sectional area of a fiber core, 1 ½ in, 6 X 19 steel
rope made from a 1/12 in wire having a modulus of elasticity of 12 x 106 psi.

19. A cast iron flywheel is rotated at a speed of 1200 rpm and having a mean rim
radius of 1 foot. If the weight of the rim is 30 lbs., what is the centrifugal force?
20. A wire rope hoist with a short lift handles a total maximum load of 14 kips
each trip. It is estimated that the maximum number of trips per week will be
1000. The rope is 6 x 37 IPS, 1 3/8 in. in diameter, with steel core.
i. On the basis of N’ = 1.0 for fatigue, what size of drum should be used
for a 6 – year life?
ii. Because of space limitations, the actual size used was a 2.5 ft. drum.
What is the factor of safety on a static basis? What life can be
expected for N’ = 1?
21. A hoist in a copper mine lifts ore a maximum of 2000 ft. the weight of
car,cage,and ore per trip is 10 kips, accelerated in 6 sec.to 2000 ft/min;drum
diameter is 6 ft; use a 6 x 19 plow steel rope. (a) Determine the size for a life
of 200,000 cycles and N =1.30 on the basis of fatigue failure (b) Determine
the size using N=5 on the static approach (c) What is the expected life of the
rope found in’ b’ using N’= 1.30 (d) If a loaded car weighing 7 kips can be
moved gradually into the freely hanging cage, how much would the rope
stretch? (e) What is the pressure of the rope against the cast iron drum? Is it
reasonable?
22. An extra flexible 8 × 19 plough steel wire rope of 38 mm diameter is used with
a 2m diameter hoist drum to lift 50 kN of load. Find the factor of safety (ratio of
the breaking load to the maximum working load) under the following
conditions of operation: The wire rope is required to lift from a depth of 900
metres. The maximum speed is 3 m/s and the acceleration is 1.5 m/s², when
starting under no slack condition. The diameter of the wire may be taken as
0.05 d, where d is the diameter of wire rope. The breaking strength of plough
steel is 1880 N/mm² and modulus of elasticity of the entire rope is 84 × 103
N/mm². The weight of the rope is 53 N/m length.
23. A workshop crane is lifting a load of 25 kN through a wire rope and a hook.
The weight of the hook etc. is 15 kN. The rope drum diameter may be taken
as 30 times the diameter of the rope. The load is to be lifted with an
acceleration of 1 m/s². Calculate the diameter of the wire rope. Take a factor
of safety of 6 and Young's modulus for the wire rope 80 kN/mm². The ultimate
stress may be taken as 1800 MPa. The cross-sectional area of the wire rope
may be taken as 0.38 times the square of the wire rope diameter
24. A mine hoist has its shaft inclined with a slope of 60%. The total length of the
shaft is 760 meters. The loaded skip weighs 10,000 kg and its maximum
velocity is 36.6 km/hr. The acceleration period is 10 sec. The hoisting drum
diameter is to be 2500 mm. The coefficient of friction between the skip and its
track is 0.10. Rope friction along the track rollers may be estimated to be 50
kg per ton mass. What should be the diameter of the 6 x 19 IPS wire rope to
be used based on a factor of safety of 6 on the static basis?
25. A traction elevator with a total weight of 8 kips has an acceleration of 3 ft/s 2 ;
the 6 cables pass over the upper sheave twice, the lower one once as shown.
(a) Compute the minimum required weight of the counterweight to prevent
slipping on the driving sheave if it is made of cast iron and the rope is greasy
(b) If an MPS wire rope is to be used, decide upon the sheave and rope size
for an N = 1.0, indefinite life (c) What is the factor of safety of this rope based
on the static basis? (d) If it were decided that 5 x 105 cycles would be enough
life, will there be a significant difference in the results?
26. Select a wire rope for a vertical mine hoist to lift a load of 20KN from a depth
of 60 metres. A rope speed of 4 m/sec is to attained on 10 seconds.
27. Design a wire rope for an elevator in a bulding 60 m high and for a total load
of 20 kN. The speed of the elevator is 4 m/sec and the full speed is reached in
10 seconds.
28. A temporary elevator is assembled at the construction site to raise building
materials, such a cement, to a height of 20m. It is estimated that the 75-
maximum weight of the material to be raised is 5 kN. It is observed that the
acceleration in such applications is 1 m/s2, 10mm diameter, 6x19 construction
wire ropes with fiber core are used for this application. The tensile designation
of the wire is 1570 and the factor of safety should be 10 for the preliminary
calculations. Determine the number of wire ropes required for this application.
Neglect bending stress.
29. A workshop crane is lifting a load of 25 kN through a wire rope and hook. The
weight of the hook etc., is 15 kN. The rope drum diameter may be taken as 30
times the diameter of the rope. The load is to be lifted with an acceleration of
1m/s2. Calculate the diameter of the wire rope. Take a factor of safety of 6
and E for the wire is 80kN/mm2. The ultimate stress may be taken as 1800
MPa. The cross-sectional area of the wire rope may be taken as 0.38 times
the square of the wire rope diameter.
30. Select a suitable wire rope for a mini hoist carrying a load of 2 tonnes to be
lifted from a depth of 100m. A rope speed of 10m/s must be attained in 10
seconds. Assume minimum factor of safety as 10.