Lisa Nowak - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Lisa_Nowak

Lisa Nowak

Lisa Marie Nowak (née Caputo, born May 10, 1963) is an

Lisa Nowak
American aeronautical engineer and former NASA astronaut
and United States Navy officer. Nowak served as naval flight
officer and test pilot in the Navy, and was selected by NASA for
NASA Astronaut Group 16 in 1996, qualifying as a mission
specialist in robotics. She flew in space aboard Space Shuttle
Discovery during the STS-121 mission in July 2006, when she
was responsible for operating the robotic arms of the shuttle
and the International Space Station. In 2007, Nowak was
involved in a highly publicized incident of criminal misconduct
for which she eventually pled guilty to felony burglary and
misdemeanor battery charges, resulting in her demotion from
captain to commander, and termination by NASA and the
Navy.

Born in Washington, D.C., Nowak graduated from the United

States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1985. She Nowak in 2005
was assigned to VAQ-34 at Naval Air Station Point Mugu,
California, where she flew the EA-7L Corsair and ERA-3B Born Lisa Marie Caputo
Skywarrior. She earned a Master of Science degree in May 10, 1963
aeronautical engineering and a degree in aeronautical and Washington, D.C.,
astronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School U.S.
in Monterey, California. In 1993 she was selected to attend the Status Dismissed
U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent
Alma mater United States Naval
River, Maryland. After graduation, she remained at Patuxent
River, flying in the F/A-18 Hornet and EA-6B Prowler. During Academy (BS)
her Navy career she logged over 1,500 hours in more than 30 Naval Postgraduate
aircraft and was awarded the Defense Meritorious Service School (MS)
Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy
Achievement Medal. Awards
▪ Defense
In February 2007, Nowak was arrested in Orlando, Florida, Meritorious
after she accosted and pepper-sprayed Colleen Shipman, a U.S. Service Medal
Air Force captain romantically involved with astronaut ▪ Navy
William Oefelein, who had been in a relationship with Nowak. Commendation
She was released on bail and initially pleaded not guilty to the Medal
charges, which included attempted kidnapping, burglary with
assault, and battery. Subsequently, her assignment as an ▪ Navy
astronaut was terminated by NASA. In 2009, Nowak agreed to Achievement
a plea deal with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to charges of Medal
felony burglary of a car and misdemeanor battery. She ▪ NASA Space
remained a Navy captain until the following year when a Naval

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Board of Inquiry voted unanimously to reduce her in rank to Flight Medal (2)
commander and to discharge her from the Navy under other Space career
than honorable conditions after 25 years of service. As of 2017,
it was reported that she was working in the private sector in NASA astronaut
Texas. Previous Test naval flight
occupation officer
Early life and education Rank Commander, United
States Navy
Lisa Marie Caputo was born in Time in 12d 18h 36min
Washington, D.C., on May 10, 1963, to space
Alfredo F. Caputo, a computer
Selection 1996 NASA Group
consultant, and Jane L. Caputo, a
biological specialist.[1][2] Caputo and her Missions STS-121
two younger sisters, Andrea and Marisa, Mission
grew up in Rockville, Maryland.[3] In insignia
1969, she watched the Apollo 11 Moon
Caputo as an mission and became interested in the space program. While growing up, she
Annapolis followed the Space Shuttle program, particularly the introduction of female
midshipman astronauts in 1978,[4] and paid frequent visits to the National Air and Space
Museum.[5]

Caputo was educated at Luxmanor Elementary School,[3] Tilden Middle School, and Charles W.
Woodward High School in North Bethesda, Maryland. In the January of her junior year of high
school, she told her mother that she was going to become an astronaut.[5] She was a Girl Scout,[6]
and a member of the Société Honoraire de Français, which required students to maintain an A
average in French and a B average in all other subjects.[7] She competed on the math team and
served on her class student council. She played field hockey and competed in track and field
athletics. In 1981 she was named Student Athlete of the Year, a school award granted to the student
who excelled most in both sports and academics, and graduated as co-valedictorian.[8] In her final
year of high school, Caputo was accepted by Brown University, a private Ivy League university in
Providence, Rhode Island, and by the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Her
parents thought Brown was the best choice, but Caputo felt that she had more chance of achieving
her goal of becoming an astronaut by going to the Naval Academy.[8]

Women were first admitted to Annapolis in 1976,[9] and by the time Caputo entered as a plebe in
1981, there were women in each of the four classes, but were only 6 percent of the student body.[10]
Female cadets were still harassed by some male classmates in 1981, and occasionally a male
professor would inform a class that he did not think women belonged there.[11] As a student, she
competed on the track team.[12] She graduated on May 22, 1985,[13] with a Bachelor of Science
degree in aeronautical engineering, and was commissioned as an ensign in the United States
Navy.[12]

Navy career
For her first assignment, Caputo chose a six-month secondment to the Johnson Space Center,
where she worked as an aerospace engineer at its branch at Ellington Air Force Base near Houston,
Texas. During this time, there were six Space Shuttle launches. "What impressed me", she later
said, "was the whole idea that everybody was so into what they were doing and excited that each of

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their parts was so important."[14]

In December 1985, Caputo received orders to report to Naval

Air Station Pensacola in Florida for flight training. By law,
women were still banned from combat assignments, so half the
jobs in the Navy were unavailable to women regardless of
aptitude or ability, and there were doubts about the wisdom of
training women for jobs they were not permitted to do. Getting
accepted into flight training was a major achievement, and
those women that did so were often resented by men who were
passed over.[15] Caputo completed primary flight training at An LTV EA-7L Corsair II of VAQ-34
Naval Air Station Pensacola on the T-2 Buckeye, T-39 in 1987
Sabreliner and TA-4J Skyhawk and qualified as a naval flight
officer (NFO) in June 1987.[16]

Caputo's NFO training continued at the Electronic Warfare School at Corry Station in preparation
to fly electronic warfare aircraft. She then went to the Naval Air Station Lemoore, where she
qualified to operate the electronic systems on the LTV EA-7L Corsair II.[16] On April 6, 1988, she
married an Annapolis classmate, Richard T. Nowak, at the Naval Academy Chapel with Catholic
rites, and changed her last name to "Nowak".[17][18] Her next assignment was to Electronic Warfare
Aggressor Squadron 34 (VAQ-34) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where she flew on
both the Corsair II and the Douglas ERA-3B Skywarrior, supporting the U.S. Pacific Fleet on
reconnaissance mission exercises.[19][20] She qualified as a mission commander and electronic
warfare lead.[21]

In 1990, Nowak entered the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, where she
earned both a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering and a degree in aeronautical
and astronautical engineering in September 1992,[19] writing a thesis on Computational
Investigations of a NACA 0012 Airfoil in Low Reynolds Number Flows.[22] She gave birth to a son
in February 1992.[20] After graduate school, she transferred to the restricted line as an Aerospace
Engineering Duty Officer. She was selected to attend the United States Naval Test Pilot School at
Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, after she applied six times.[23][24] She graduated in
June 1994, and then became an aircraft systems project officer at the Air Combat Environment
Test and Evaluation Facility and at Strike Aircraft Test Squadron at Patuxent River. As a naval
flying officer/flight test engineer, she participated in the development of the F/A-18 Hornet and
EA-6B Prowler. Her next assignment was to the Naval Air Systems Command, where she was
involved in the acquisition of new systems for naval aircraft.[19][23] During her career in the Navy,
Nowak logged over 1,500 hours of flight time in more than 30 different aircraft and was awarded
the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy Achievement
Medal.[19]

NASA career

Astronaut training

On June 15, 1995, NASA announced that it was selecting a new group of astronauts.[25] As a naval
officer, Nowak could not apply directly, like a civilian could, but had to submit her application to a
review board that would then approve it and forward it on to NASA, which it did.[26] NASA

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received over 2,400 applications,[2] and in early 1996, Nowak

was informed that she was one of 150 finalists deemed highly
qualified, and she was asked to report to Johnson Space Center
for a week of orientation, interviews and medical evaluations.
[26][27]

On May 1, 1996, NASA publicly announced the names of 10

pilot and 25 mission specialist candidates; Nowak was one of
the latter. The class of 1996, the 16th group of NASA astronauts, Nowak in the systems engineering
was the largest selected since the first class of Space Shuttle simulator
astronauts in 1978, which also numbered 35. They were ordered
to report for duty at Johnson Space Center to commence their
astronaut training on August 12, 1996.[2][28] They were joined by nine international astronauts.[29]
Because there were so many of them, they were often packed into classrooms and training
facilities, and called themselves "The Sardines".[28][30]

Nowak and her family moved to Texas, where they built a house in Clear Lake City. Her husband,
another naval flight officer, left active duty in 1998 but continued to fly in the United States Naval
Reserve. He found a job as a space communications contractor with Barrios Technology, an
aerospace company, and worked at the Johnson Space Center as a flight controller at the mission
control center.[31]

Astronaut training included survival training, a three-day trip

to the Grand Canyon to study geology, and classwork on the
Space Shuttle's many systems. As a mission specialist, she was
expected to fly a minimum of four hours a month in NASA's
Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft. Training was conducted in the
waters of the Weightless Environment Training Facility and in
the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker known as the Vomit Comet that
flies a trajectory that gives the sensation of being in space. She
Nowak reviews data on a computer completed her astronaut training in August 1998. On
monitor with Mark Kelly (center) and September 28, 1998, she returned to Annapolis along with
Steven W. Lindsey (right) during a fellow astronaut alumni Jim Lovell, Charles O. Hobaugh, David
training session at the Neutral Leestma, John M. Lounge, Bryan D. O'Connor and Pierre J.
Buoyancy Laboratory. Thuot, for a celebration of the life of Mercury Seven astronaut
Alan Shepard, who had died two months before.[31]

In early 2001, Nowak became pregnant with twins.[32] At the Astronaut Office, Nowak specialized
in the operation of the Space Shuttle's robotic arm. She also served with the CAPCOM Branch, the
astronauts that worked with the mission control center as the primary communicators with the
spacecraft.[31] She performed this duty during the STS-100 mission in April 2001, when the crew of
the Space Shuttle Endeavour installed a robot arm in the International Space Station (ISS).[33] In
October 2001, she gave birth to twin daughters. Nowak and her husband alternated their work
schedules so one of them was always with the children. This arrangement lasted until Richard was
recalled to active duty in 2002 to participate in Operation Enduring Freedom, which effectively left
Nowak a single mother with three young children.[34]

On December 12, 2002, NASA announced the crew for STS-118, a mission scheduled for November
2003. Scott Kelly would be the mission commander, Hobaugh the pilot, and the mission specialists
would be Nowak, Scott Parazynski, Dafydd Williams, and Barbara Morgan.[35] The Space Shuttle

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Columbia disaster on February 1, 2003, killed seven astronauts on the STS-107 mission, including
three from Nowak's 1996 astronaut class. It was NASA's practice to provide the families of
astronauts who had died with a personal casualty assistance officer, and Nowak performed this
duty for the family of her close friend Laurel Clark.[36] Clark's widower, Jonathon Clark, a former
NASA flight surgeon, recalled that:

She did everything. She went through everything: Navy paperwork, finances, bills, bank
accounts. She took care of [Clark's son] Iain during the months afterward. She saw what
it was like to lose one of her best friends and for Iain to lose a mother. And the thing is,
while Lisa was doing this, she was not at home with her kids. She has two very young
children and she is here twelve to fourteen hours a day under the most difficult
circumstances. I have to think it was hugely stressful.[37]

The disaster resulted in a series of schedule and hardware changes.

The task of testing all the changes was assigned to STS-114, the Return
to Flight mission, but the list of changes that required testing grew so
large that a second Return to Flight mission was added to the schedule
to accommodate them. Despite the numbering, this mission, STS-121,
would be the second mission flown after the Columbia disaster.
STS-121 was primarily concerned with testing and developing new
hardware and procedures to make Space Shuttle flights safer. It would
also re-supply the ISS with equipment and consumables.[38]

In January 2004, Nowak participated in an eleven-day cold weather

survival training course in Canada with fellow NASA astronauts
Dominic Antonelli and William Oefelein, Swedish astronaut Christer
Fuglesang, Russian cosmonaut Dmitri Kondratyev, and Canadian
astronaut (and future Governor General) Julie Payette. The course
commenced on January 19, and included four days of instruction with Nowak during astronaut
the Canadian Armed Forces. They were then dropped off in the training in 2005
wilderness in northern Quebec and had to make their way back on
foot. They covered 20 kilometers (12 mi) in eleven days, completing
the course on January 29.[39] Nowak had worked together with Oefelein, who had been selected as
an astronaut with the class of 1998, when they were both stationed at Patuxent River in 1995.[40]

When Nowak and Oefelein returned to Houston they began an extramarital affair, which they
attempted to conceal.[39] As serving Navy officers, they could have been charged with conduct
unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, which includes adultery, under the Uniform Code of
Military Justice.[41][42] Oefelein's wife filed for divorce in February 2005 after discovering emails
between him and Nowak.[43] Their divorce was finalized in May 2005. Oefelein moved into a small
apartment, to which he gave Nowak a key. She left personal effects there, and she soon became a
familiar sight to other residents of the complex.[44]

Space flight

NASA announced in December 2003 that STS-121 would be commanded by Steven Lindsey, with
Mark Kelly as pilot and Michael Fossum and Carlos Noriega as mission specialists.[38] On

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November 18, 2004, NASA announced that Nowak and her classmate
Stephanie Wilson would join the STS-121 crew as additional mission
specialists.[45] They were assigned the task of manipulating the robotic
arms of the Space Shuttle and the ISS.[46] The STS-121 mission was
originally scheduled for March or April 2005, but was soon postponed
to July owing to difficulty implementing all the changes required.
During the launch of Space Shuttle Discovery for STS-114 in July
2005, debris separated from the external tank, the very problem which
had caused the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia, and STS-121 was
further postponed until a solution to the problem could be found.[47]
In February 2006, the mission was rescheduled for a launch window
between May 3 and 22,[48] but in March multiple problems forced a
further postponement until July.[49]
Nowak floats on the
A prelaunch reception was held for Nowak at the Kennedy Space
middeck of the Space
Center Visitor Complex, and she was joined by her parents, her
Shuttle Discovery.
husband Richard and three children, family members, and friends
from school, Annapolis and the Navy.[50] Among the personal effects
she packed for the flight was a small owl figurine of the mascot of Luxmanor Elementary School, a
koozie from Tilden Middle School, a banner from Charles W. Woodward High School, an
Annapolis Class of 1985 flag, and her grandmother's engagement ring.[51]

On July 1, 2006, the STS-121 crew ate the traditional prelaunch cake decorated with the mission's
insignia and boarded Discovery at Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B. Nowak was the
last crew member to enter the spacecraft,[52] taking her seat as the flight engineer on the flight
deck immediately behind Lindsey and Kelly.[53] At 15:42, the launch was scrubbed due to
thunderstorm activity in the area.[52] A second launch attempt the following day was also canceled
due to inclement weather.[54] STS-121 successfully launched on July 4 at 14:38.[55] It was the first
time a Space Shuttle launch had taken place on Independence Day.[56][57]

After she entered orbit, Nowak felt nauseated, a symptom of space adaptation syndrome. The first
day in space was devoted to inspecting the orbiter for possible damage, as the crew had noticed
debris falling off the external tank during liftoff. Nowak deployed the robotic arm to inspect the
wing tips, nose and underside of the spacecraft using digital and video cameras and laser scanning.
After six and a half hours of examination,[56][58][59] all that was found was a white splotch on the
nose cap. NASA engineers were initially concerned that this might be the result of a high-velocity
impact, but after closer examination they determined it to be bird droppings. Some discoloration
found on the leading edges was attributed to hydraulic fluid spills.[58]

After Discovery docked with the ISS, Wilson and Nowak used the robotic arm to unload the
Italian-built Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM). The 3,400 kilograms (7,400 lb)
of equipment and supplies it contained included the Minus Eighty Lab Freezer for use in scientific
experiments and a 640-kilogram (1,400 lb) Oxygen Generation System to allow the ISS to support
up to six crew members.[58] Nowak carried out her assigned tasks, but other crew members noted a
reluctance to assist with tasks that were not assigned to her and for which she had not trained.[60]

While Discovery was docked with the ISS, the STS-121 crew conducted three spacewalks. The
women were not considered for this activity; when NASA trimmed the space suit budget in the
1990s, small sizes were omitted. Women astronauts were assigned to other tasks like operating the
robotic arms.[61] From the Destiny laboratory on the ISS, Nowak operated the robotic arm whose

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installation she had overseen as CAPCOM years before. It was

more challenging to operate than the one on the Space Shuttle,
since it was larger and had an extra joint.[62][63]

Some 2,000 kilograms (4,300 lb) of trash, experiment results

and broken equipment were packed into Leonardo, and Nowak
and Wilson used the robotic arm to re-stow the module in
Discovery's cargo bay. It was then used to make a final check of
the Space Shuttle to ensure that no damage had been done by
Nowak assists Stephanie Wilson
micrometeorites or space debris. Discovery undocked from the
with using the Canadarm2 controls
ISS and commenced its two-day return to Earth.[64] In all, she
to move the Leonardo module on
spent 12 days 18 hours and 36 minutes in space,[6] during the International Space Station.
which she traveled 8 million kilometers (5 million miles).
Discovery landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy
Space Center at 09:14 on July 17.[56]

Homecoming

As was usual, the six crew members of STS-121 embarked on a

series of publicity events and interviews. They attended X
Games XII at the Home Depot Center in Los Angeles from
August 3 to 6, and the Houston Astros game on August 14 at
Minute Maid Park, where the crew met pitcher Roger Clemens
and threw ceremonial first pitches.[65] On September 9, Nowak
attended a tailgate party at the Naval Academy versus
University of Massachusetts football game, where she gave her
Nowak (center) and the rest of the classmates the Class of 1985 flag she had carried on the Space
STS-121 crew inspects the Shuttle and signed photographs of herself. At half time she
underside of the Space Shuttle presented Annapolis with a Navy jersey she had carried on
Discovery after landing at the board Discovery. She gave a long interview with the Ladies'
Kennedy Space Center. Home Journal for its Mother's Day issue and presented awards
at NASA's Stennis Space Center. She went back to Luxmanor
Elementary School and Tilden Middle School where she spoke
to the children and attended celebrations at Annapolis for the 30th anniversary of its admission of
women, during which she gave a presentation as part of the academy's Forrestal Lecture Series. In
December, the STS-121 crew flew to the UK, where they visited the University of Edinburgh and the
National Space Centre in Leicester, and spoke at the University of Leeds, fellow STS-121
crewmember Piers Sellers's alma mater.[66]

Orlando International Airport incident

Nowak's marriage disintegrated, and she separated from Richard in January 2007.[67] Her
relationship with Oefelein also cooled, although she continued to call him almost every day.[66] In
late 2006, Oefelein began a relationship with U.S. Air Force Captain Colleen Shipman, who worked
as an engineer with the 45th Space Wing at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida.[68][69] Oefelein
informed Nowak about Shipman in January. He thought Nowak took it well, and that they could
remain friends. They continued to train for the MS 150, a charity bicycle race,[70] but Shipman
became uncomfortable with Nowak's bicycle being kept at Oefelein's place and asked him to get

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Nowak to remove it.[71]

On January 29, 2007, NASA announced that Stephanie Wilson

had been chosen as the mission specialist for the STS-120
mission to replace Michael Foreman, who had been reassigned
to the STS-123 mission, scheduled for February.[72] Nowak had
hoped for this assignment. According to Mark Kelly, Wilson
was chosen because "she was a team player and well deserving.
Nowak was not."[73] Nowak was assigned to CAPCOM duties for
STS-123 instead.[74]

Altercation Nowak and the rest of the STS-121

crew with President George W.
On February 4, 2007, Nowak packed latex gloves, a black wig, a Bush
BB pistol and ammunition, pepper spray, a hooded tan trench
coat, a drilling hammer, black gloves, an 8-inch (200 mm)
Gerber folding knife and other items. She then drove her husband's car 900 miles (1,400 km) from
Houston to Orlando, Florida, to confront Shipman.[75][76][77][78] Early police reports stated that
she wore Maximum Absorbency Garments during the trip, but she later denied this.[79][80] On
February 5, 2007, Nowak went to the Orlando International Airport and waited for about half an
hour for Shipman's plane to touch down at 01:05. Shipman went to claim her suitcase, but it did
not appear on the carousel. At the baggage claim office she was told that it would arrive on the next
flight, at 03:00, and she was given a $12 food and drink voucher. Shipman finally collected her
suitcase from the baggage claim office at 03:15, and took a shuttle bus to the parking area at
03:28.[81]

Shipman said that after arriving, she became aware of someone following her to an airport satellite
parking area. When she got into her car, she heard running footsteps and quickly locked the door.
Nowak slapped the window and tried to open the car door, asked for a ride, then started crying.
Shipman rolled down the window a couple of inches after which Nowak sprayed the pepper spray
into the car. Shipman drove off to the parking lot booth where she called the police. Several
Orlando Police Department Airport Division officers arrived minutes later with the first officer
observing Nowak throwing a bag into the trash at a parking shuttle bus stop. Nowak was
subsequently arrested at Orlando International Airport on charges of attempted kidnapping,
battery, attempted vehicle burglary with battery, and destruction of evidence.[76][77][82][83]

In a handwritten request for a restraining order against Nowak after her arrest, Shipman referred
to Nowak as an acquaintance of her boyfriend, but did not identify Oefelein. She claimed that
Nowak had been stalking her for two months.[84] Nowak told investigators she was involved in a
relationship with Oefelein, which she described as being "more than a working relationship but less
than a romantic relationship".[85] Citing evidence of elaborate planning, disguises and weapons,
police recommended she be held without bail.[85][86][87]

Arraignment

Two fellow astronauts flew to Florida in T-38 jets for Nowak's arraignment:[88] Captain
Christopher Ferguson, the senior active duty Naval Officer in the NASA Astronaut Corps at the
time, went as Nowak's commanding officer, and Lindsey, the commander of Nowak's shuttle

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mission, went as Chief of the Astronaut Office, the senior astronaut at NASA.[89][90] On February
6, 2007, both appeared before a judge on her behalf. The state's assistant attorney, Amanda
Cowan, argued that the facts indicated a well-thought-out plan to kidnap and perhaps to injure
Shipman.[76] In arguing for pre-trial release, Nowak's attorney remarked, "One's good works must
count for something."[76] Nowak was ordered released on $15,500 bail under the condition she
wear a GPS tracking device and not contact Shipman, but before Nowak could be released, Orlando
police charged Nowak with attempted first-degree murder and announced she would not be
released on bail. Her lawyer alleged that police and prosecutors, unhappy that Nowak had been
granted bail, pressed more serious charges solely to keep her in jail.[90][91] In the second
arraignment Nowak was charged with attempted first-degree murder with a deadly weapon, for
which the judge raised bail by $10,000. After posting bail, Nowak was released from jail.[86]
Shipman dropped her request for a protection order on February 15.[92]

Reactions

On February 6, 2007, Nowak was placed on 30-day leave by NASA.[93] She returned to Houston on
a commercial airline flight on February 8,[94] and upon arrival was reportedly taken immediately
under police escort to the Johnson Space Center for medical and psychiatric evaluation. Nowak's
assignment to NASA as a serving Navy officer was terminated by the space agency on March 7,
2007.[95][96][97] There was widespread public reaction to her arrest, concerns being expressed
about NASA's astronaut selection and screening processes.[98][99] Some commentators opined that
NASA's presentation of astronauts as heroes was part of the problem.[100][101]

In response to concerns over Nowak's mental health, NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin
commissioned the NASA Astronaut Health Care System Review Committee, an independent panel,
to examine how well NASA attended to the mental health of its astronauts.[102] Patricia Santy, a
former NASA flight surgeon and the author of the book Choosing the Right Stuff: Psychological
Selection of Astronauts and Cosmonauts, described a culture among the Astronaut Corps to avoid
discussing physical and psychological issues with medical personnel, due to the perception that any
issues could jeopardize one's career and flight status.[103] Policies at NASA were changed in a
variety of ways: flight surgeons would receive further training in psychiatric evaluation,[104] and a
new "Astronaut Code of Professional Responsibility" was issued.[105][106] Behavioral health
evaluations would be included in the astronauts' annual flight physicals.[104]

Evidence

On April 10, 2007, Florida prosecutors released more material in the case. The previous week, the
trial judge had agreed to unseal some of the documents that described items found in Nowak's car
after her arrest. Among these items were a handwritten note on USS Nimitz stationery listing
Shipman's flight information and one on "Flight Controller's Log" paper listing more than 24
items, including sneakers, plastic gloves, contacts, cash, an umbrella, and black sweats.[107] A
floppy disk contained two photographs of Nowak riding in a bicycle race, and 15 images depicting
an unidentified woman in different stages of undress. An evidence report dated March 15 indicated
that nearly all of the photographs and drawings depicted scenes of bondage. Also found were
$585.00 and £41.00 (GBP) in cash and four brown paper bags with 69 orange pills that were not
publicly identified. Investigators also examined two USB flash drives found in the car. They
contained family pictures, digital movies, and NASA-related materials. Investigators concluded

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that the information on the disk and USB drives did not have any direct relationship to the alleged
kidnapping attempt.[108]

Oefelein had provided Nowak with a cell phone to communicate with him. Phone records show
that she called him at least twelve times, and sent seven text messages the day after he returned
from his Space Shuttle flight on December 22, 2006, that he did not retrieve until December 24,
when they had a seven-minute conversation. During December and January, over one hundred
calls were made, although it is unclear who called whom. Under questioning by NASA and military
investigators, Oefelein reportedly stated that he had broken off the relationship with Nowak. He
did, however, have lunch with her in his apartment at least once in January, they continued to train
together for the bicycle race, and they went to the gym together.[109][110]

On May 11, 2007, authorities released a surveillance video from the Orlando International Airport
terminal showing Nowak waiting for nearly an hour, standing near the baggage claim, then
donning a trench coat and following Shipman after she retrieved her bags.[111]

Developments

On February 6, 2007, Nowak pleaded not guilty to the charges of attempted murder and attempted
kidnapping. On March 2, Florida prosecutors filed three formal charges against Nowak: (1)
attempted kidnapping with intent to inflict bodily harm or terrorize, (2) burglary of a conveyance
with a weapon, and (3) battery. The prosecutors declined to file the attempted murder charge that
had been recommended by Orlando police. She was ordered to wear an electronic monitoring ankle
bracelet as a condition of her release.[112][113] A pre-trial hearing was held on July 17, 2007, and
further hearings were to be held on September 19, to argue defense motions to suppress some of
the evidence obtained on the day of her arrest.[109][114][115] On August 12, 2007, Nowak asked to
have her GPS ankle bracelet removed,[116] to which the judge agreed on August 30.[117] On August
28, the trial judge unsealed a court document indicating that Nowak intended to pursue an insanity
defense. According to documents submitted by her lawyer, Nowak was evaluated by two
psychiatrists who diagnosed her with obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, Asperger
syndrome, a single episode of major depressive disorder and a "brief psychotic disorder with
marked stressors" at the time of the incident.[118][119][120]

The trial judge suppressed Nowak's initial (pre-Miranda) statements to police, as well as all
evidence found in her vehicle, on November 2, 2007, citing police misconduct in their initial search
and questioning.[121] The prosecution appealed that ruling on November 8. A hearing on that
appeal occurred on October 21, 2008.[122][123] On December 5, 2008, the Florida Fifth District
Court of Appeal held that her statements were taken in violation of her Miranda rights, but that
the search of her car was still valid under the inevitable discovery exception to the search warrant
requirement because the police would have inevitably found the evidence in the normal course of
the investigation, even without her illegally obtained statements. The case was sent back for trial. A
pre-trial status hearing was scheduled for June 22, 2009. On April 1, 2009, the judge ordered
Nowak to undergo two psychiatric evaluations before June 12, 2009.[124][125][126]

On May 15, 2009, it was reported that Nowak would not claim insanity if her case ever went to
trial. Nowak's attorney withdrew a previous motion filed in 2007, which would have left open the
opportunity to use an insanity defense in the case.[127] On October 7, 2009, a judge in Orlando
ruled in favor of allowing Nowak's attorneys to take a second deposition from Shipman to inquire
whether Nowak actually pepper-sprayed Shipman. A medical report by paramedics raised some

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questions according to Nowak's attorneys as to the factual basis for it. If it was found not to have
occurred, Nowak's attorneys wanted the criminal charges related to the assault and battery to be
dropped before trial began. The trial was scheduled for December 7, 2009. On November 10, 2009,
Nowak entered a guilty plea to felony burglary and misdemeanor battery as part of a plea deal. She
was sentenced to a year's probation and the two days already served in jail, with no additional jail
time.[76][128][129][130] In March 2011, Nowak petitioned the court to seal the record of her criminal
proceedings, citing harm to her family and their livelihood.[131] The motion was granted.[132]

After NASA
After the incident in Orlando, the Navy insisted on Nowak and
Oefelein being returned to the Navy from NASA because they
had violated the Navy's rules prohibiting adultery.[133] Naval
officials waited for Nowak's kidnapping case to be resolved
before taking further action against her.[134] She remained on
active duty with the Navy and was subsequently ordered to
work on the staff of the Chief of Naval Air Training (CNATRA)
at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas. There, she was
involved in the development of flight training curricula for
broad use throughout the Navy.[135] Nowak received the NASA Nowak (standing, far right) with 21
Space Flight Medal on August 22, 2006, and on June 5, other women astronauts and the
2007.[136][137][138] Nowak and her husband Richard divorced in first female Director of the Johnson
June 2008, and she was given full custody of their three Space Center (2012)
children.[127][139]

A Naval Board of Inquiry consisting of Rear Admirals Mark S. Boensel, Eleanor V. Valentin and
Timothy S. Matthews voted on August 19, 2010, to recommend Nowak be separated from the Navy
with an other than honorable discharge and reduction in rank from captain to commander. The
panel's recommendation had to be reviewed by the Naval Personnel Command, and ultimately it
would be determined by the Secretary of the Navy.[140][141][142][143] On July 28, 2011, Assistant
Secretary of Navy Juan M. Garcia III confirmed the panel's sentence.[144] Nowak's conduct, Garcia
said in a statement, "fell well short" of what is expected of Navy officers and "demonstrated a
complete disregard for the well-being of a fellow service member".[145] She retired from the Navy
with an other than honorable discharge and the rank of commander on September 1, 2011.[139][145]

Astronaut Michael Coats, the director of the Johnson Space Center from 2005 to 2012,[146] recalled
that Nowak struggled after leaving the Navy, as the notoriety of her case kept potential employers
from hiring her.[133] In 2017, People magazine reported that Nowak was living quietly in Texas,
where she was working in the private sector. Her attorney stated: "She's doing well."[147]

In popular culture
Many found Nowak's story fascinating, and it has been adapted for television, a film, and a 2007
episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent that was inspired by Nowak's story and featured a love
triangle among astronauts.[148] A 2008 Molly Lewis song, "Road Trip", recounts the details of early
news reports about Nowak's trip from Houston to Orlando.[149] The 2017 Austra music video for "I
Love You More Than You Love Yourself" references the actions leading up to Nowak's final arrest,
with bandleader Katie Stelmanis playing the role of Lisa Nowak.[150] Nowak was also the subject of

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a play, Starcrosser's Cut, which opened in Los Angeles in June 2013.[151] In 2019, the film Lucy in
the Sky (starring Natalie Portman) was produced, loosely based on Nowak's story.[152]

Notes
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External links
▪ Lisa Nowak Inflight Video Interview – Spaceflight Experience (https://web.archive.org/web/2007
0209064514/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/video/shuttle/sts-121/net56/sts-121_fdh08_02_
56.asf) NASA (Windows Media Player)
▪ Lisa Nowak Inflight Video Interview – Eating and Family Contact (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0070209114443/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/video/shuttle/sts-121/net56/sts121_fd10_2_
56.asf) NASA (Windows Media Player)
▪ Lisa Nowak Inflight Audio – Wake Up Call on Flight Day 4 with Her Response (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20070101155209/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/audio/shuttle/sts-121/wave/fd0
4.wav) NASA (Wav)
▪ NASA Biography (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nowak_lisa.pdf) March
2007
▪ Appearances (https://www.c-span.org/person/?1020481) on C-SPAN

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