Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Life Cycles FINAL
1 Life Cycles FINAL
Animal Life
Cycles
Objectives:
Students will:
Discover new facts about spiders and plants by utilizing informational texts
Develop basic research skills, including hypothesizing and observation
Identify the common needs of plants and spiders
Create a habitat for plants and spiders
Identify the parts of plants and spiders
Skills: Identification
Sort/Classify
Text-based research
Meaningful questioning
Standards:
The Living World 7.13a,b,c,d: Students understand the characteristics of organisms, see patterns of simi-
larity and differences among living organisms, understand the role of evolutions. and recognize the
interdependence of all systems that support life. This is evident when students identify characteristics
of organisms, categorize living organisms, describe and show examples of the interdependence of all
systems that support life…and apply them to local systems and provide examples of change over time.
Sustainability 3.9d: Students makes decisions that demonstrate understanding of natural and human
communities, the ecological, economic, political and social systems within them, and awareness of
how their personal and collective actions affect the sustainability of these interrelated systems. This is
evident when students explore local natural and human communities…, identify the systems within
them, and what is required for these communities to be sustained.
Overview:
This unit, which explores cycles in the community through an investigation of plants
and spiders, is a great accompaniment to the “Food Cycles in our Community” unit, though
this unit can also stand on its own. Meeting the same Living World standard, this unit
touches on issues of sustainability and develops literacy and observation skills within a life
sciences framework. In lesson one, students explore plants and spiders as a pre-assessment,
demonstrating what they already know (or think they know) about both. While introducing
students to the basic facts about spiders and plants, the educator develops a simple thesis
statement about the needs of plants and spiders that will frame the lessons that follow. Les-
son two discusses what plants and spiders need to survive, using informational texts to learn
about them and then discussing their needs as a class. Lesson three introduces a Venn dia-
gram and a terrarium in order to demonstrate what needs spiders and plants have in com-
mon, while in lesson four, students create a habitat for spiders and plants and are given spi-
der journals in which to record their observations – both written and drawn – of the spiders
and plants in their terrarium. In lesson five the class discusses the different parts of a spider
through a creative costume-making exercise in which students turn their teachers or each
other into spiders.
An in depth exploration of a single set of organisms, these lessons bring students into
close contact with living creatures, enabling them to learn about the life cycle of insects.
Guided by their own interests, research and observations, these lessons can make an engag-
ing complement to the life cycles unit or stand on their own, as students strengthen their
reading comprehension and investigative skills while learning about a new creature. This unit
culminates in a fieldtrip that takes students around their own schoolyard or neighborhood
where they can observe plants and spiders in their natural habitats, searching for not just spi-
ders and plants but the things that spiders and plants need to survive and the greater systems
that support them.
Lesson One Procedures
Spider and Plant Pre- 1. Read a book about spiders; we recommend
assessment Anansi the Spider: A Tale for the Ashanti by
Gerald McDermott, which is a great folktale.
Objectives Please see our Spider Bibliography for other
Students will: good books.
• Review what they know about 2. Engage the students in a discussion about
plants and spiders as a pre- plants and spiders, seeing what they already
assessment know. Ask questions like, “How many legs do
spiders have? What colors are spiders? What
Literacy Connection are plants? Where do they grow? Does anyone
Anansi the Spider: A Tale from the have plants in their house?” Write their an-
Ashanti by Gerald McDermott swers on chart paper, keeping in mind that you
are developing a thesis about the needs and
Focusing Questions natures of both plants and animals.
What do we know about spiders?
What do we know about plants? Extensions
Materials • Sing the Itsy Bitsy Spider song with hand move-
• Chart paper ments. Think of other songs or poems that have
• Markers spiders in them, like Little Miss Muffet, and act
• Anansi the Spider book them out, or write a song with the students about
spiders to the tune of a familiar song. Here are a
few great ones from the message board on
http://www.perpetualpreschool.com:
Bug Song
(sung to the tune of “If You’re Happy and You
Know It”)
Oh, I wish I were an eensy-weensy spider
*clap clap*
Yes, I wish I were an eensy-weensy spider
*clap clap*
I’d go “creepy-creepy-crawly” down the hall and
up your “wally!”
Oh, I wish I were an eensy-weensy spider
*clap clap*
Lesson Two Procedures
Reading and Research 1. Divide the class into four groups. Two groups
will research plants and two groups will re-
Objectives search spiders using informational texts.
Students will: 2. The students will fill out research forms as they
• Discover new facts about spi- discover new facts. Ask students when reading
ders using informational texts the texts whether what they are learning is an
• Develop beginning research important thing to know about all spiders, like
skills, determining whether a new a basic need, or just an interesting idea about
fact is an important thing to a particular spider.
know about spiders, a more gen- 3. Gather the class back together and have stu-
eral fact or simply an interesting dents share what they have learned. Keep track
anecdote of their findings on chart paper.
Focusing Questions Extensions
What do plants need to survive?
What do animals need to survive? • Students can continue research, either at
What ideas do we have about school or at home, utilizing texts, the internet
plants and spiders that may not or other resources, on the topic they did not
be true? get to research in class.
What do spiders eat?
Materials
• Informational texts on plants AIR
and spiders
• Copies of research form for
WATER
students in each group: plants FOOD
and spiders [see appendix]
• Markers
SHELTER
• Chart paper SUNLIGHT
SOIL
Lesson Three Procedures
Building a Classroom 1. Describe a Venn diagram; draw one on chart
Terrarium I paper – one circle for spiders and other for
plants.
Objectives 2. Remind students of their previous research on
Students will: plants and spiders. Ask them what spiders
• Understand that plants and need to survive and fill in the corresponding
animals have some needs in com- circle. Do the same for plants and then fill in
mon the center overlapping section with the com-
monalities.
Focusing Questions 3. Introduce terrariums. Tell the students they
What is a Venn diagram? will have to make sure that both the plants’
What needs do spiders and plants and spiders’ needs are met so they both can
have in common? survive while living in the terrarium.
What’s a terrarium?
Note: Remember to save the Venn diagram for
Materials the next lesson.
•Chart paper
•Markers Extensions
•Large glass jar /s (2 gallon size)
to be used as a terrarium(s) • Students can continue research on spiders
and plants, focusing on common needs. They can
also read about or view other creatures that live
in terrariums.
Lesson Four Procedures
Building a Classroom 1. Divide the class into four groups with enough
Terrarium II supplies for each group to make a terrarium.
2. Ask the class, “What is a habitat?” Review the
Objectives Venn diagram and the needs that both spiders
Students will: and plants share. Now create the terrarium, a
• Create a habitat for spiders habitat for both plants and spiders.
and plants 3. Layer on the bottom of the jar 1.5 inches each
of sand, charcoal and potting soil in that or-
Focusing Questions der. Then plant the plant and water it. Finally,
What do spiders and plants need add the spiders. Observe.
to survive in a terrarium? 4. Ask the students, “What are the spiders do-
What is a habitat? ing?” And, “Is there condensation on the inside
How do spiders behave? of the jar?”
5. Introduce the Spider Journals. Review expecta-
Materials tions of journal writing.
• 4 large glass jars (2 gallon 6. Have students draw the terrarium in their jour-
size) nals and record observations.
• Sand
• Charcoal Extensions
• Potting soil
• Plants • Allow time each day, even several times a day,
• Spiders for continued observation of the spider and plant
• Water habitat.
• Copy of Spider Journal for
each student [see appendix]
• Venn diagram from lesson 2
Readers will learn about the silk spiders produce, the webs they spin and the prey they capture
in the newest addition to the series the ALA Booklist cited as one of the top-ten nonfiction
series.
Carter, Kate. Wildflowers of Vermont. Waterbury Center, VT: Cotton Brook Publications, 2005.
F
This pocket-sized guide includes beautiful photographs of over 250 wildflowers that grow in
Vermont. Because it is organized by color, one can use it “at-a-glance” to identify wildflowers,
making it an easy guide for children and amateur wildflower enthusiasts.
A young girl admires the work of a garden spider in her backyard and describes its physical
and behavioral characteristics in this simple, lyrical text.
Himmelman, John. A House Spider’s Life. New York: Children’s Press, 1999. F
The small worlds of two common arthropods are revealed in these vividly illustrated picture
stories. This is a clearly written and logically organized text.
Markle, Sandra. Outside and Inside Spiders. New York: Alladin Paperbacks, 1994. B
This book provides a more advanced look at spiders and their needs.
Markle, Sandra. Spiders: Biggest! Littlest!. Honesdale, PA: Boyds Mills Press, 2004. F B SF
This book describes the physical characteristics, habitats and behavior of different kinds of
spiders.
McDermott, Gerald. Anansi the Spider: A Tale from the Ashanti New York: Henry Holt Company,
1987. F B
Anansi is one of the great folk heroes of the world. In trying to determine which of his six sons
to reward for saving his life, Anansi the Spider is responsible for placing the moon in the sky.
Nadeau, Isaac. Food Chains in a Backyard Habitat. New York: Powerkids Press, 2002. B
The Barnes Library has several of the titles in this series, which feature food chains and webs
in a variety of habitats, including ponds, forests and meadows. Though the text is advanced,
younger students will surely enjoy looking at the great pictures and having the text read aloud
to them. Tons of scientific vocabulary words are featured.
Newcomb, Lawrence. Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide. New York: Little Brown and Co., 1989.
First published in 1977, Newcomb’s guide is the quintessential wildflower guide for North
America. Use the key in the front of the book to identify flowering species from coast to coast.
This wonderful Level 1 Scholastic Reader details the habitats, life cycles and anatomy of spi-
ders through simple text and great photographs.
Page, Robin and Steve Jenkins. What Do You Do with a Tail Like This?. New York: Houghton Mifflin,
2003. F B
A nose for digging? Ears for seeing? Eyes that squirt blood? Explore the many amazing things
animals can do with their ears, eyes, mouths, noses, feet, and tails in this beautifully illus-
trated interactive guessing book.
Text and photographs introduce some of the many members of the spider family.
Another Scholastic Reader for early readers, this book features a great appendix that includes
a drawing of every spider mentioned in the book plus its name.
The National Audobon Society’s “First Field Guide” to insects, this book uses beautiful pho-
tographs and clear verbal descriptions to help children identify common insects, from bees
and wasps to roaches, butterflies and more!
*All three children’s libraries have many more books about spiders that are colorful, rich in facts and age-appropriate. Please
feel free to explore books beyond this list with your students!
RESOURCES FOR TEACHERS
Duke, a leading scholar on childhood literacy, writes about the importance of teaching non-fiction in
the “information age.” This is a great introductory article about why informational texts are crucial to
every student’s development and includes some ideas on how to increase this type of reading in your
classroom.
Duke, Nell K. and V. Susan Bennett-Armistead. “Nonfiction Reading in the Primary Grades”:
http://teacher.scholastic.com/products/classmags/files/Nell_duke_May04.pdf
This is a concise look into the importance of nonfiction texts and how to incorporate them into the
classroom. Copies are downloadable as a pdf file.
Lingelbach, Jenepher and Lisa Purcell, eds. Hands on Nature : Information andActivities for Exploring the Envi
ronment With Children. Woodstock, VT: The Vermont Institute of Natural Science, 1986.
This book is a gold mine of ideas for exploring nature with children and a must for those teaching natu-
ral science in any setting. It includes lessons on spiders, webs and plant life cycles and background in-
formation that provide an overview of the big picture, context and related vocabulary. This book was
foremost in the formation of these lessons.
Northeast Organic Farming Association of Vermont. “School-to-Farm Directory.” NOFA-VT: Richmond, VT,
2004.
This wonderful little book is an in depth guide for teachers who wish to welcome Vermont farmers into
their classrooms. It includes the contact information for many types of farms – from dairies to Christ-
mas tree farms - throughout Vermont.
Smith, Gregory A. “Place-Based Education” April 2002 Phi Beta Kappan (584ff). SF
An interesting look into the multi-dimensional world of place-based education, with particular focus
on the following areas: Cultural Studies, Nature Studies, Real-World Problem Solving, Internships and
Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Induction into Community Processes.
Project Seasons
Project Wild
Something else about spiders
Community Resources
* The Burlington School Food Project is a partnership of local organizations that work together to
provide better quality, local food and food education opportunities to area schools. Organizations
include the Burlington Legacy Project, Burlington School District, The Intervale Center, The Sustain-
able Schools Project, the University of Vermont and the members of VT FEED.
NAME:
Research Information on :
Research Information on :