AD 2000-Merkblatt

ICS 23.020.30 July 2019 edition

Materials for Forgings and rolled components AD 2000-Merkblatt

pressure vessels made of non-alloy and alloy steels W 13

The AD 2000-Merkblätter are prepared by the seven associations listed below who together form the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druck-
behälter” (AD). The structure and the application of the AD 2000 Code and the procedural guidelines are covered by AD 2000-Merk-
blatt G 1.
The AD 2000-Merkblätter contain safety requirements to be met under normal operating conditions. If above-normal loadings are to be
expected during the operation of the pressure vessel, this shall be taken into account by meeting special requirements.
If there are any divergences from the requirements of this AD 2000-Merkblatt, it shall be possible to prove that the standard of safety of
this Code has been maintained by other means, e.g. by materials testing, tests, stress analysis, operating experience.
FDBR e. V. Fachverband Anlagenbau, Düsseldorf
Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), Berlin
Verband der Chemischen Industrie e. V. (VCI), Frankfurt/Main
Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e. V. (VDMA), Fachgemeinschaft Verfahrenstechnische Maschinen
und Apparate, Frankfurt/Main
Stahlinstitut VDEh, Düsseldorf
VGB PowerTech e. V., Essen
Verband der TÜV e. V. (VdTÜV), Berlin
The above associations continuously update the AD 2000-Merkblätter in line with technical progress.

Contents
Page
0 Foreword.................................................................................................... 2
1 Scope......................................................................................................... 2
2 Suitable materials ...................................................................................... 2
3 Testing ....................................................................................................... 3
4 Marking ...................................................................................................... 5
5 Verification of quality characteristics .......................................................... 5
6 Design values ............................................................................................ 6

supersedes November 2008 edition; | = amendments to previous edition

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measures to ensure the accuracy of this translation but regrets that no responsibility can be accepted for any error, omission or inaccuracy. In cases of
doubt or dispute, the latest edition of the German text only is valid.

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0 Foreword
The AD 2000 Code can be applied to satisfy the essential safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive,
principally for the conformity assessment in accordance with modules “G” and “B (type) + F”.
The AD 2000 Code is structured along the lines of a self-contained concept. If other technical rules are used in
accordance with the state of the art to solve related problems, it is assumed that the overall concept has been taken into
account.
The AD 2000 Code can be used as appropriate for other modules of the Pressure Equipment Directive or for different
sectors of the law. Responsibility for testing is as specified in the provisions of the relevant sector of the law.

1 Scope
1.1 This AD 2000-Merkblatt covers forgings (open-die or closed-die forgings) including bar-shaped forgings and
components produced in ring rolling mills (e.g. seamless rolled rings), hot-extruded hollow components with end plates
and hot-rolled and extruded long products (e.g. steel bars) – called components in the following – made of non-alloy and
alloy ferritic steels for the construction of pressure vessels operated at working temperatures and ambient temperatures
down to −10 °C and up to the upper temperature limits specified in Clause 2 (for definitions of product shapes, see
DIN EN 10079). For working temperatures below −10 °C, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 10 also applies.
1.2 For components made of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic steels, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 2 applies.
1.3 For hollow components specified in Clause 1.1 as pressure vessel shells, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 12 applies. Nozzles
and similar components having an outside diameter ≤ 220 mm without any limit on length and an outside diameter
> 220 mm for lengths up to 400 mm that are connected to a pressure vessel, are not regarded as a pressure vessel shell.
1.4 For flanges, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 9 applies.
1.5 If the components are further processed, e.g. by forming or welding, the HP series of the AD 2000-Merkblätter
covering further processing and testing after further processing shall be taken into account.
1.6 The basic requirements for the materials and material manufacturers are specified in AD 2000-Merkblatt W 0.

2 Suitable materials
The following may be used:
2.1 The steels listed in Table 1 for general purpose according to DIN EN 10250-2 within the application limits given in
Table 1.
2.2 The non-alloy structural steels listed in DIN EN 10025-2 in the form of long products within the application limits
given in Table 1. The copper content of these structural steels shall be limited to a maximum of 0,40 % in the cast
analysis.
2.3 The steels listed in Table 1 for simple pressure vessels according to DIN EN 10207 in the form of long products
within the application limits given in Table 1.
2.4 The weldable fine-grain structural steels listed in Table 2 according to DIN 17102 (only in the form of long products)
and DIN 17103 in conjunction with the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
2.5 The weldable fine-grain structural steels listed in Table 2 according to DIN EN 10222-4 in conjunction with the
relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 352/3, 354/3, 356/3 and 357/3.
2.6 The high-temperature ferritic and martensitic steels listed in Table 2 according to DIN EN 10222-2. For the steel
grades 14MoV6-3, X10CrMoVNb9-1 and X20CrMoV11-1, the VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 184, 511/3 and 110 also apply.
2.7 The weldable steels listed in Table 2 according to DIN EN 10273. For steel grades P275NH, P355NH and P460NH,
the VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 352/1, 354/1 and 357/1 also apply.
2.8 The nickel steels with specified low temperature properties listed in Table 2 according to DIN EN 10222-3 up to
50 °C. Table 3 a of AD 2000-Merkblatt W 10 applies for short-term operation at higher temperatures.
2.9 Other materials after qualification testing. They shall have the values characterizing the material and meet the
following minimum requirements:
2.9.1 The elongation after fracture A at room temperature shall be at least 14 % in the transverse and tangential1)
specimen direction and at least 16 % in the longitudinal1) specimen direction.
2.9.2 The impact energy KV2 at the lowest working temperature, but not exceeding 20 °C, shall be at least 27 J in the
transverse and tangential1) specimen direction and at least 39 J in the longitudinal1) specimen direction.

1) The requirements of DIN EN 10222-1 are applicable.

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Table 1 — Assignment of the steel grades in Clauses 2.1 to 2.3 to the relevant standards and application limits

Material No. Steel name (according to DIN EN 10027-1) Design Normal

(according to temperature1) delivery di p 2)
DIN EN 10027-2) DIN EN 10025-2 DIN EN 10250-2 DIN EN 10207 °C condition

1.0038 S235JR+N S235JRG2 –

1.0044 S275JR+N – –
1.0112 – – P235S
1.0116 – S235J2G3 –
1.0117 S235J2+N – –
1.0130 – – P265S ≤ 300 N3) ≤ 20 000
1.0145 S275J2+N – –
1.0570 – S355J2G3 –
1.0577 S355J2+N – –
1.0596 S355K2+N – –
1.1100 – – P275SL
1) See Clause 5 of AD 2000-Merkblatt B 0. For steel grades specified in DIN EN 10025-2 and DIN EN 10250-2, the limit dimensions given in Table 3 are
to be noted for design temperatures above 50 °C.
2) Applicable only to pressure vessels and pressure vessel attachments. Product of the largest inside diameter di in mm of the pressure vessel or of the
attachment and a maximum allowable pressure PS in bar.
3) In the case of forgings, replacement of normalizing by normalizing forming is not permitted.

2.9.3 For steel grades with a minimum tensile strength exceeding 590 MPa, the non-sensitivity to brittle fracture shall
also be noted.

3 Testing
3.1 DIN EN 10250-1 and -2 are the standards governing components made of materials specified in Clause 2.1.
However, for closed-die forgings with a unit weight of up to 120 kg, the scope of testing shall be as described in
DIN EN 10222-1, Clause 7.2.1. Testing is carried out on casts. For components of thicknesses ≥ 6 mm, the impact test
shall be carried out if specimens as indicated in the standard are capable of being taken. In this case, the requirements of
DIN EN 10250-2 shall be met, but at least 27 J.
3.2 DIN EN 10025-2 covers the testing of long products made of steels specified in Clause 2.2. Testing is carried out on
casts. For steel grades of quality group JR with nominal thicknesses ≥ 6 mm, the impact test shall be carried out.
3.3 Testing of long products made of steels specified in Clause 2.3 shall be according to DIN EN 10207.
3.4 Testing of the components made of materials specified in Clause 2.4 shall be according to DIN 17102 or DIN 17103,
taking into account the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
3.5 Testing of the components made of materials specified in Clause 2.5 shall be according to DIN EN 10222-1 to -4 in
conjunction with the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
If, deviating from Table 1 of DIN EN 10222-4, steel products of grades P460QH, P460QL1 and P460QL2 are delivered in
a normalized condition (cf. option 5, footnote f in Table 4 and footnote a in Table 6 of the standard), the requirements of
VdTÜV-Werkstoffblatt 357/3 apply for the tensile test (mechanical characteristics at room and elevated temperature) and
for the minimum values of impact energy.
3.6 Testing of the components made of materials specified in Clause 2.6 shall be according to DIN EN 10222-1 and -2,
those of steel grades 14MoV6-3, X10CrMoVNb9-1 and X20CrMoV11-1, taking into account VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 184,
511/3 and 110.
3.7 Testing of the components made of materials specified in Clause 2.7 shall be according to DIN EN 10273 and, where
relevant, taking into account the associated VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
3.8 Testing of the components made of materials specified in Clause 2.8 shall be according to DIN EN 10222-1 and -3.
3.9 Testing of the components made of other materials specified in Clause 2.9 shall be according to the qualification test
requirements.

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Table 2 — Assignment of the steel grades in Clauses 2.4 to 2.8 to the relevant standards

Material No. (accord- Steel name (according to DIN EN 10027-1)

ing to DIN EN 10027-2) DIN 17102 DIN 17103 DIN EN 10222-2 DIN EN 10222-3 DIN EN 10222-4 DIN EN 10273
1.0345 – – P235GH – – P235GH
1.0352 – – P245GH – – –
1.0425 – – P265GH – – P265GH
1.0426 – – P280GH – – –
1.0436 – – P305GH – – –
1.0460 – – P250GH – – P250GH
1.0461 StE 255 – – – – –
1.0462 WStE 255 – – – – –
1.0463 TStE 255 – – – – –
1.0473 – – – – – P355GH
1.0477 – – – – P285NH –
1.0478 – – – – P285QH –
1.0481 – – P295GH – – P295GH
1.0486 StE 285 – – – – –
1.0487 – – – – – P275NH
1.0488 TStE 285 TStE 285 – – – –
1.0505 StE 315 – – – – –
1.0506 WStE 315 – – – – –
1.0508 TStE 315 – – – – –
1.0562 StE 355 – – – – –
1.0565 – – – – P355NH P355NH
1.0566 TStE 355 – – – P355NL1 –
1.0571 – – – – P355QH1 –
1.1103 EStE 255 – – – – –
1.1104 EStE 285 – – – – –
1.1105 EStE 315 – – – – –
1.1106 EStE 355 – – – P355NL2 –
1.4903 – – X10CrMoVNb9-1 – – –
1.4922 – – X20CrMoV11-1 – – –
1.5415 – – 16Mo3 – – 16Mo3
1.5637 – – – 12Ni14 – –
1.5662 – – – X8Ni9 – –
1.5680 – – – X12Ni5 – –
1.6217 – – – 13MnNi6-3 – –
1.7335 – – 13CrMo4-5 – – 13CrMo4-5
1.7380 – – – – – 10CrMo9-10
1.7383 – – 11CrMo9-10 – – 11CrMo9-10
1.7715 – – 14MoV6-3 – – –
1.8864 – – – – P460QL2 –
1.8868 – – – – P355QL1 –
1.8869 – – – – P355QL2 –
1.8871 – – – – P460QH P460QH
1.8872 – – – – P460QL1 –
1.8900 StE 380 – – – – –
1.8902 StE 420 – – – – –
1.8905 StE 460 – – – – –
1.8907 StE 500 – – – – –
1.8910 TStE 380 – – – – –
1.8911 EStE 380 – – – – –
1.8912 TStE 420 TStE 420 – – – –
1.8913 EStE 420 – – – – –
1.8915 TStE 460 – – – – –
1.8917 TStE 500 TStE 500 – – – –
1.8918 EStE 460 – – – – –
1.8919 EStE 500 – – – – –
1.8930 WStE 380 – – – – –
1.8932 WStE 420 – – – P420NH –
1.8935 – – – – – P460NH
1.8936 – – – – P420QH –
1.8937 WStE 500 – – – – –

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3.10 All components shall be subjected to a visual examination and a dimensional and dimensional stability check.
Components made of alloy materials shall be subjected to a materials consistency check.
3.11 Hollow components with an inside diameter > 80 mm, e.g. produced by flow forming or drawing to the finished
dimensions, shall be subjected to an ultrasound test for defects in the main forming direction, to be carried out according
to Table 4 of DIN EN 10228-3.
All components of unit weight in the untreated condition > 300 kg (except for closed-die forgings) shall be subjected to an
ultrasound test according to DIN EN 10228-3 or DIN EN 10308 for internal defects.
The ultrasonic test for internal defects shall be carried out as a 100 % test. The following quality classes shall be applied:
s ≤ 50 mm quality class 4
s > 50 mm ≤ 100 mm quality class 3
s > 100 mm quality class 2
The defect size assessment shall be carried out by means of the −6 dB drop technique, sensitivity adjustment by means of
the DGS method.
3.12 The tensile test and the impact test specimens shall be taken in the transverse/tangential directions (except for long
products specified in DIN EN 10025-2, DIN EN 10207, DIN EN 10273 and DIN 17102). In the case of diameters
< 160 mm, the specimens may be also taken in the longitudinal direction.
3.13 For components made of steels specified in Clauses 2.1 to 2.4 and 2.7 with unit weights > 1000 kg, each
component shall be individually tested.
3.14 The test pieces for making tensile and impact test specimens shall generally be taken from a finished heat-treated
component. In the case of forgings where the dimensions do not permit the required specimens to be taken, one test piece
having the reference dimensions shall be made from the same cast, using identical processes. It shall be subjected to the
required heat treatment together with the components of the consignment to be tested.
3.15 Repeat tests are covered by DIN EN 10021. If a test unit consists of several components, the component for which
unsatisfactory test results have been obtained shall be discarded and two further specimens shall be taken from additional
components and these two specimens shall meet the requirements. In the case of large components, agreement shall be
reached with regard to the taking of retest specimens.
If the cause of failure in the test is to be eliminated by appropriate heat treatment of the components, the rejected
components may be resubmitted for testing after this heat treatment. No component shall be completely heat-treated more
than twice, however.

4 Marking
4.1 The components shall be marked with
 manufacturer’s mark,
 steel name or material number of the steel grade,
 cast number.
When supplied with an inspection certificate as specified in DIN EN 10204, the components shall also be marked with
 specimen number or test batch number,
 mark of the relevant third party’s or manufacturer’s authorized inspector,
 if appropriate, ultrasound test stamp.
4.2 In the case of steel bars with a thickness (diameter, edge length, width across flats or width) < 25 mm, marking of the
bundle with a tie-on tag is permitted.

5 Verification of quality characteristics

5.1 Type of test certificate
When ordering components made of materials specified in Clauses 2.1 to 2.8, the type of test certificate according to
DIN EN 10204 shall be agreed as follows:
5.1.1 For non-critical pressure-bearing components, test report for steel grades with nominal thicknesses < 6 mm quality
group JR as specified in DIN EN 10025-2 or DIN EN 10250-2. For critical pressure-bearing components, an inspection
certificate 3.1 is required.
5.1.2 Inspection certificate 3.1 for the steel grades
 in 2.1 specified in DIN EN 10250-2, except for quality group JR with nominal thicknesses < 6 mm,
 in 2.2 specified in DIN EN 10025-2, except for quality group JR with nominal thicknesses < 6 mm,

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 StE 255, WStE 255 and StE 285 specified in DIN 17102, P285NH and P285QH as specified in DIN EN 10222-4 and
P275NH specified in DIN EN 10273,
 P235GH, P245GH, P250GH, P265GH and P280GH specified in DIN EN 10222-2 and DIN EN 10273.
5.1.3 Inspection certificate 3.2 for all steel grades not mentioned in Clauses 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.
For components made of steel grades StE/WStE 315, StE 355 and P355GH/NH with thicknesses of the ruling section
≤ 50 mm, an inspection certificate 3.1 instead of 3.2 is adequate, however, if the manufacturer has submitted proof of
adequate statistical safety to the third party. The third party shall confirm to the manufacturer the transition to an inspection
certificate 3.1. If use is made of this provision, the third party confirmation letter shall be quoted in the inspection certificate
3.1. If this does not occur in the context of continuous internal inspection tests, the third party shall satisfy itself at specific
intervals (approximately 1 to 2 years) that the requirements continue to be met.
5.1.4 For components made of other materials specified in 2.9, the qualification test requirements apply.

5.2 Details in the test certificate

5.2.1 For components made of materials specified in Clauses 2.1 to 2.8, the requirements of the standards referred to in
these subclauses apply. In addition, each test certificate shall include the Technical Delivery Conditions/standard (e.g.
DIN EN 10222-2) and Technical Regulation (AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13) relating to the consignment.
5.2.2 For components made of other materials specified in Clause 2.9, the qualification test requirements apply.

6 Design values
6.1 For components made of materials specified in Clause 2.1, the room-temperature yield strength values given in
DIN EN 10250-2 apply up to 50 °C. The values in Table 3 apply to design temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C. The
thickness given there refers to the nominal wall thickness of the pressure vessel.
6.2 For long products made of materials specified in Clause 2.2, the room-temperature yield strength values given in
DIN EN 10025-2 apply up to 50 °C. The values in Table 3 apply to design temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C. The
thickness given there refers to the nominal wall thickness of the pressure vessel.
6.3 For long products made of materials specified in Clause 2.3, the values specified in DIN EN 10207 apply.
6.4 For components made of materials specified in Clause 2.4, the values specified in DIN 17102 or DIN 17103 apply,
taking into account the requirements of the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.

Table 3 — Design values at elevated temperatures for the steels specified in DIN EN 10250-2 and long products
specified in DIN EN 10025-2

Steel grade to Design values K at design temperature

Thickness
DIN EN 10025-2, 100 °C 200 °C 250 °C 300 °C
mm
DIN EN 10250-2 MPa MPa MPa MPa

≤ 16 187 161 143 122

S235JRG2, S235JR+N, > 16 to ≤ 40 180 155 136 117

S235J2G3, S235J2+N > 40 to ≤ 100 173 149 129 112

> 100 to ≤ 150 159 137 115 102

≤ 16 220 190 180 150

> 16 to ≤ 40 210 180 170 140

S275JR+N, S275J2+N
> 40 to ≤ 100 188 162 150 124

> 100 to ≤ 150 180 155 144 119

≤ 16 254 226 206 186

> 16 to ≤ 40 249 221 202 181

S355J2G3, S355J2+N, > 40 to ≤ 63 234 206 186 166

S355K2+N > 63 to ≤ 80 224 196 176 156

> 80 to ≤ 100 214 186 166 146

> 100 to ≤ 150 194 166 146 126

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6.5 For components made of materials specified in Clause 2.5, the values specified in DIN EN 10222-4 apply, taking into
account the requirements of the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
6.6 For components made of materials specified in Clause 2.6, the values specified in DIN EN 10222-2 (including the
national annex) apply, taking into account VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 184, 511/3 and 110 for materials 14MoV6-3,
X10CrMoVNb9-1 and X20CrMoV11-1.
6.7 For components made of materials specified in Clause 2.7, the values specified in DIN EN 10273 apply, also taking
into account the requirements of the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter, if appropriate.
6.8 For components made of materials specified in Clause 2.8, the values specified in DIN EN 10222-3 apply.
6.9 For components made of other materials specified in Clause 2.9, the values specified in the qualification test apply.
6.10 The design values given in the material specifications or qualification tests for 20 °C apply up to 50 °C and those
values given for 100 °C apply up to 120 °C. In the other temperature ranges, there shall be linear interpolation between
the given values (e.g. for 80 °C between 20 °C and 100 °C and for 180 °C between 100 °C and 200 °C), in which case no
rounding up is permitted. For individually certified materials, the interpolation rule only applies if there is a suitably narrow
interval2) between the supporting points.

2) Generally, this means a temperature interval of 50 K in the elevated temperature proof stress range and of 10 K in the creep rupture
strength range.

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