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Water Resources (Prashant Kirad)
Water Resources (Prashant Kirad)
GEOGRAPHY
Water
Resources
PRASHANT KIRAD
PRASHANT KIRAD
water resources
Water is a renewable resource.
UB
icebergs and glaciers.
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A little less than 30% of total freshwater is stored as
groundwater.
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India receives nearly 4% of the global precipitation and
ranks 133 in the world in terms of water availability per
person per annum.
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exam m
Water Scarcity e i a y e g a .A
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Reasons for water scarcity (Qualitative)
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Situation where water is sufficiently available to meet the
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needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from water
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EX
scarcity because of the bad quality of water which is
polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals,
pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making
it hazardous for human use.
E .M .A
Hydraulic structures in Ancient
0 India
& 1
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(i) For channeling the flood water of Ganga, water harvesting
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system was built near Allahabad in the first century BC.
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(ii) Dams, lakes andEirrigation systems were built during the
time of Chandragupta Maurya.
Dams
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Sutluj-Beas river basin, the Bhakra-Nangal project etc.
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PJawaharlal Nehru, proclaimed multi-
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First Prime Minister, X
Pt.
purpose river projects as The Temples of Modern India, as
they initiate development of agriculture and village economy
with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy.
E .M .A
Advantages of Multi-Purpose River projects:
Electricity generation
Irrigation
Water supply for domestic and industrial uses
Flood control
Recreation
Inland navigation
Fish breeding
PRASHANT KIRAD
E .M .A
Irrigation
Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many
regions with farmers shifting to water-intensive and
commercial crops.
This has great ecological consequences like salinisation of
the soil.
At the same time, it has transformed the social landscape
i.e. increasing the social gap between the richer
landowners and the landless poor.
In Gujarat, the Sabarmati-basin farmers were agitated
and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to
water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Inter-state water disputes are also becoming common
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with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the
multi-purpose project.
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Rainwater PH
Harvesting
EX
Economically and environmentally viable alternative in
period of resistance against Multi-Purpose Projects.
Variation in water harvesting system, keeping the local
ecological conditions and their water needs in mind.
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Rooftop RainwaterB 9Harvesting & E .M .A
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Tanka System
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In arid and semi-arid area of Rajasthan [Bikaner, Phalodhi]
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Had Tankas [underground]
Connected with Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting.
Through pipes water is transported to tankas.
Reliable Source of Drinking water.
Beat the summer heat.
Gendathur Model
In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru,
Karnataka villagers have installed rooftop rainwater
harvesting system to meet their water needs.
Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the
village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in
rainwater.
PRASHANT KIRAD
E .M .A
Map Work:
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9 &
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PH
EX
PRASHANT KIRAD
Top 7 Questions:
3 markers
1. Identify any three hydraulic structures as part of water
management programmes initiated in ancient India along
with the period when they were built.
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The tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was built by Iltutmish for
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supplying water to Siri Fort area in the 14th century.
EX
2. Multi-purpose projects are ‘Temples of Modern India’.
Justify.
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limited. It is renewable, but over-exploitation and
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mismanagement of this resource by industries are
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aggravating the water stress day-by-day in the following
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ways:
EX
(i) Industries especially heavy industries use huge amount
of fresh water for industrial purpose and pollute and
waste such water.
(ii) The industries for their energy consumption purpose
depend on hydroelectric projects and this electricity is
generated through damming the rivers upstream. So, the
river almost dries in the lower stream areas.
(iii) Industries dump the chemical waste in the river, lake,
etc. which then consequently pollute the water and make
it toxic. Chemicals from industries also contaminate the
groundwater through seepage of industrial wastes. So,
the increasing number of industries exert pressure on
existing fresh water resources.