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IS
THIRD
EDITION
Pearson MyLab
TM
Wallace
Improving Results
A proven way to help individual students achieve the
goals that educators set for their course.
Introduction to Information Systems

Engaging Experiences
Dynamic, engaging experiences that personalize
and activate learning for each student.
An Experienced Partner
From Pearson, a long-term partner with a true grasp
of the subject, excellent content, and an eye on the
future of education.
Introduction to
Information Systems
Patricia Wallace
www.pearsonhighered.com
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-463519-4
THIRD EDITION
ISBN-10: 0-13-463519-1
9 0 0 0 0
9 780134 635194
This page intentionally left blank
A01_LO5943_03_SE_FM.indd iv 04/12/15 4:22 PM

About the Author
P
atricia Wallace’s career spans the fields of information technology, business
and management, and psychology, and she has held varied positions, includ-
ing head of information technology, faculty member, academic administra-
tor, and consultant. She recently retired from Johns Hopkins University, where she
was Senior Director, IT and Online Programs, at the Center for Talented Youth for
IS
Contents vii
14 years. Before joining Hopkins, Dr. Wallace served as Chief Information Strategies,
at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park. She
currently teaches in the Graduate School of the University of Maryland University
College, where she also served as the Associate Vice President and Chief Information
Officer for ten years. She earned her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Texas
at Austin and holds an M.S. in Computer Systems Management. Dr. Wallace has
published 14 books, including The Internet in the Workplace: How New Technologies
Transform Work (2004) and The Psychology of the Internet (2016), several educa-
tional software programs, and numerous scholarly articles.
vii
A01_WALL5194_03_SE_FM.indd 7 08/12/16 4:05 pm


Brief Contents
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
1
2
Information Systems and People 2
Information Systems and Strategy 32

IS Contents ix
CHAPTER
3 Information and Communications
Technologies: The Enterprise Architecture 62
CHAPTER
4 Databases and Data Warehouses 94
CHAPTER
5 Information Systems for the Enterprise 130
CHAPTER
6 The Web, Social Media, E-Commerce, and M-Commerce 164
CHAPTER
7 Business Intelligence and Decision Making 198
CHAPTER
8 Collaborating with Technology 228
CHAPTER
9 Knowledge Management and E-Learning 260
CHAPTER
10 Ethics, Privacy, and Security 294
CHAPTER
11 Systems Development and Procurement 328
CHAPTER
12 Project Management and Strategic Planning 358
C a s e St u d i e s Facebook and Instagram: Privacy Challenges 389

Enabling the Sharing Economy: The Case of Uber Technologies 393
Apple: Can the Company Pull Off Another Disruptive Innovation? 396
Managing the Federal Government’s IT Project Portfolio 399
Glossary 403
Index 411
ix


Contents
CHAPTER
1
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxxi
Information Systems and People 2

IS Contents xi
Learning Objectives 2
Introduction 2
Information Systems in Action 4
Managing Operations 4
Supporting Customer Interactions 6
Making Decisions 6
Collaborating on Teams 7
Gaining Competitive Advantage 8
Improving Individual Productivity 8
The Nature of Information 8
What Makes Information Valuable? 9
The Components of an Information System 10
People 10
Technology 11
Processes 12
Data 14
Information Systems, the Discipline 14
Information Systems throughout the Organization 16
Information Systems in Business 17
Information Systems in Nonprofits and Government 17
Inside the IT Department 17
Collaborating on Information Systems 19
Improving Your Own Productivity 19
Promises, Perils, and Ethical Issues 21
Privacy Breaches and Amplification Effects 21
The Ethical Factor: Ethical Issues Surrounding Information Systems 22
Online Simulation 22
Chapter Summary 23
Key Terms and Concepts 23
Chapter Review Questions 24
Projects and Discussion Questions 24
Application Exercises 25
EXCEL APPLICATION: STAFF Planning Spreadsheet 25
ACCESS APPLICATION: Information Systems in Business 26
Case Study #1 Nasdaq’s Information Challenges: Facebook’s Botched Public Opening and
High-Frequency Trading 26
Case Study #2 Breaking News: Twitter’s Growing Role in Emergencies and Disaster Communications 28
xi

xii Cont e n ts
E-Project 1 Analyzing the May 6 “Flash Crash” with Excel Charts 29

E-Project 2 Gathering, Visualizing, and Evaluating Reports from Twitter and Other Sources During a
Disaster 29
Chapter Notes 30
CHAPTER
2 Information Systems and Strategy 32
Introduction 32
Porter’s Five Competitive Forces 34
Threat of New Entrants 35
Power of Buyers 36
Power of Suppliers 36
Threat of Substitutes 37
Rivalry Among Existing Competitors 38
Factors that Affect How the Five Forces Operate 38
Disruptive Technology and Innovations 38
Government Policies and Actions 40
Complementary Services and Products in the Ecosystem 40
Environmental Events and “Wildcards” 42
The Value Chain and Strategic Thinking 42
Extending the Value Chain: From Suppliers to the Firm to Customers 43
Benchmarking Components of the Value Chain 44
The Ethical Factor: Ethical Responsibility in an Extended Value Chain 44
IT Benchmarks 44
Competitive Strategies in Business 46
The Role of Information Systems in Strategy 47
Information Systems: Run, Grow, and Transform the Business 48
Information Strategies and Nonprofit Organizations 49
Fund-Raising 50
Volunteering 50
Information Strategies and Government 50
Does I.T. Matter? 51
Spending on Running, Growing, and Transforming 52
Leveling UP!: A Strategic Analysis 52
Chapter Summary 54
EXCEL APPLICATION: IT Benchmarks 56
ACCESS APPLICATION: Telethon Call Reports 56
Case Study #1 Can GameStop Survive with Its Brick-and-Mortar Stores? 57
Case Study #2 The Battle for Net Neutrality 58
E-Project 1 Identifying Company Strategy with Online Financial Chart Tools 59
E-Project 2 Analyzing Media Download Times with Excel 59
Chapter Notes 60

Contents xiii
CHAPTER
3 Information and Communications
Technologies: The Enterprise Architecture 62
Introduction 62
The Hardware 64
Input and Output 64
Processing 68
Storage 69
The Ethical Factor: Ethical Implications of Big Data 70
The Software 70
Types of Software 70
How Is Software Created? 72
Networks and Telecommunications 74
Transmission Media and Protocols 74
Networking Basics 76
Network Protocols 78
Strategy and Competition in Telecommunications 80
The Enterprise Architecture 81
Trends in Enterprise Architectures 81
Guiding the Enterprise Architecture 85
Chapter Summary 87
EXCEL APPLICATION: Analyzing Growth in Computer Storage Capacities 89
ACCESS APPLICATION: Managing ICT Assets with a Database 89
Case Study #1 Google Glass and Wearable Technologies 90
Case Study #2 Rolling Out Its 4G Network, Sprint Corporation Competes with Rivals 91
E-Project 1 Voluntary Distributed Computing 92
E-Project 2 Using Excel to Analyze Cost Effectiveness for 4G Rollouts 92
Chapter Notes 93
CHAPTER
4 Databases and Data Warehouses 94
Introduction 94
The Nature of Information Resources 96
Structured, Unstructured, and Semi-Structured Information 96
Metadata 97
The Quality of Information 97
Managing Information: From Filing Cabinets to the Database 98
Tables, Records, and Fields 99
The Rise and Fall of File Processing Systems 100
Databases and Database Management Systems 102

xiv Con t e n ts
Developing and Managing a Relational Database 105

Planning the Data Model 105
Accessing the Database and Retrieving Information 109
The Ethical Factor: Ethical Issues in Database Design: The Case of Ethnic Identification 110
Managing and Maintaining the Database 112

Multiple Databases and the Challenge of Integration 114
Shadow Systems 114
Integration Strategies and Master Data Management 114
Data Warehouses and Big Data 115
Building the Data Warehouse 116
The Challenge of Big Data 117
Strategic Planning, Business Intelligence, and Data Mining 119
The Challenges of Information Management: The Human Element 119
Ownership Issues 119
Databases Without Boundaries 120
Balancing Stakeholders’ Information Needs 120
Chapter Summary 122
EXCEL APPLICATION: Managing Catering Supplies 124
ACCESS APPLICATION: DD-Designs 125
Case Study #1 UK Police Track Suspicious Vehicles in Real Time with Cameras and the License Plate
Database 126
Case Study #2 How eBay Scales Its Database Architecture with SQL and NoSQL 127
E-Project 1 Identifying Suspects with a License Plate Database: Constructing Queries with Access 128
E-Project 2 Building a Database for Customer Records 128
Chapter Notes 129
CHAPTER
5 Information Systems for the Enterprise 130
Introduction 130
Finance Management 132
Components of Financial Information Systems 132
Financial Reporting, Compliance, and Transparency 134
Human Capital Management 135
Components of Human Capital Management Systems 135
HCM Metrics 137
Managing the Supply Chain 138
Supply Chain Fundamentals 138
The Ethical Factor: Ethics and Talent Management 138
Measuring Performance in Supply Chains 139

Information Systems and Technology for Supply Chain Management 142

Contents xv
Customer Relationship Management 145
CRM Goals and Metrics 145
CRM Strategies and Technologies 147
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Bringing It All Together 150
ERP Components 150
ERP Integration Strategies 152
Implementation Issues 153
Chapter Summary 156
EXCEL APPLICATION: Performance Bicycle Parts 158
ACCESS APPLICATION: VSI Consultants 158
Case Study #1 Salesforce.com: Taking CRM to the Cloud 160
Case Study #2 Winning the War for Talent: The Mandarin Oriental’s Talent Management System 161
E-Project 1 CRM for Human Services Agencies 162
E-Project 2 Evaluating Employment and Recruitment Websites 162
Chapter Notes 163
CHAPTER
6 The Web, Social Media, E-Commerce,
and M-Commerce 164
Introduction 164
Developing a Web Strategy 166
Choosing a Goal 166
Naming the Website 168
Building the Website 170
Website Design 170
The Ethical Factor: Website Accessibility: Why Is Progress So Slow? 175
Software Development Strategies for the Web 175

E-Commerce 178
The Online Transaction and E-commerce Software 178
E-commerce Security 178
E-commerce Trust 179
Mobile Devices and M-Commerce 179
Why Mobile Matters 179
Designing Websites and Apps for Mobile Devices 180
M-commerce and Mobile Payments 181
Digital Marketing 181
Search Engine Optimization 181
Social and Mobile Marketing 184
Web 2.0 and Beyond 185
Crowdsourcing and Collective Intelligence 186
Expanding Data and Sensory Input: The Internet of Things 186
The Learning Web 187

xvi Con t e n ts

Chapter Summary 189
WEBSITE APPLICATION: Heritage Dogs 192
EXCEL APPLICATION: Heritage Dogs Website Metrics 192
ACCESS APPLICATION: Springfield Animal Shelter 192
Case Study #1 Mobile Payments and the Digital Wallet 193
Case Study #2 LinkedIn: The Social Network and E-Marketplace for Professionals 194
E-Project 1 Examining Top M-Commerce Sites 195
E-Project 2 Exploring Linkedin’s Web Analytics 195
Chapter Notes 196
CHAPTER
7 Business Intelligence and Decision Making 198
Introduction 198
Levels of Decision Making 200
Operational Level 200
Tactical Level 200
Strategic Level 201
Sources of Business Intelligence 202
Transactional Databases, Data Warehouses, and Internal Data Sources 202
External Data Sources and Big Data 202
The Ethical Factor: The Ethics of Tagging Faces in Photos 204
Data Mining and Analytics 204

Analyzing Patterns, Trends, and Relationships 204
Simulating, Optimizing, and Forecasting 207
Artificial Intelligence 209
Achieving Success with Digital Analytics 212
Capturing Digital Metrics 212
Analyzing Data and Achieving Success 215
Putting It All Together: Dashboards, Portals, and Mashups 216
Dashboards 216
Portals 216
Mashups 218
Business Intelligence: The Human Element 219
Chapter Summary 221
EXCEL APPLICATION: Analyzing Revenue and Expenses for City Hospital Seminars 223
ACCESS APPLICATION: Marketing City Hospital Seminars 223

Contents xvii
Case Study #1 Cracking Fraud with Government’s Big Data 224
Case Study #2 TV and Twitter: How Nielsen Rates Programs with “Social TV” 225
E-Project 1 Detecting Suspicious Activity in Insurance Claims 226
E-Project 2 Analyzing Nielsen TV Ratings with Excel 226
Chapter Notes 227
CHAPTER
8 Collaborating with Technology 228
Introduction 228
The Evolution of Collaborative Technologies 230
Email Technology, Contacts, and Calendars 230
Discussion Forums 232
Instant Messaging and Texting 232
Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) 235
Web Conferencing 235
Interactive Video 236
Shared Workspaces 237
Web 2.0 Collaborative Technologies 238
Blogs 238
Wikis 239
Social Networking 239
Microblogging 240
Virtual Worlds and Virtual Reality 241
Unified Communications 243
Capabilities for Unified Communications 243
Universal Dashboards 244
The Human Element and Collaborative Technologies 244
Psychological Characteristics of Online Environments 244
The Ethical Factor: Flash Mobs and Free Speech: Should Police Block Mobile Messaging Services? 246
Managing Online Impressions 247

Group Dynamics in Virtual Teams 247
Making Virtual Teams Work 249
Chapter Summary 251
EXCEL APPLICATION: Going Green! 253
ACCESS APPLICATION: Cloud 9 253
Case Study #1 Telepresence Robots Support Remote Collaboration 254
Case Study #2 The Pros and Cons of Telecommuting 255
E-Project 1 Estimating Breakeven Pricing for Telepresence Robots
Using a Spreadsheet 256
E-Project 2 Estimating Savings for Virtual Work Using an Excel Model 256
Chapter Notes 257

xviii Con t e n ts
CHAPTER
9 Knowledge Management and E-Learning 260
Introduction 260
The Nature of Intellectual Capital 262
Types of Intellectual Capital 262
Types of Knowledge 262
Managing Intellectual Capital 263
Knowledge Management Strategies and Technologies 264
Identify the Goal 264
Locate the Sources 264
Capture the Knowledge 267
Organize, Share, and Value Knowledge 268
Knowledge Management: Pitfalls and Promises 272
The Human Element: Why Share Knowledge? 272
Incentives for Knowledge Sharing 272
The Ethical Factor: Knowledge Sharing in Fast-Paced Industries: The Case of Formula One Racing 273
Technology Hurdles and Content Issues 274

The Semantic Web 274
Practical Tips for Launching a Knowledge Management Project 274
E-Learning 275
Comparing E-learning Approaches 275
Creating an E-Learning Program 277
Course Development 277
Learning Objects 277
Content Authoring Tools 278
Collaboration Tools 280
Strategies to Prevent Cheating 281
Learning Management Systems 281
E-Learning in Education 282
Differences Between Corporate and Education E-Learning 283
Comparing E-learning and Classroom Learning 283
Chapter Summary 286
EXCEL APPLICATION: Top Talent 288
ACCESS APPLICATION: Top Talent 288
Case Study #1 Lynda.com: How an E-Learning Entrepreneur
Rides Waves of Change 289
Case Study #2 Diplopedia: Managing State Department
Knowledge with a Wiki 290
E-Project 1 Exploring the World of Online Courses 291
E-Project 2 Managing the Human Element on Wikipedia
with Technology 291
Chapter Notes 292

Contents xix
CHAPTER
10 Ethics, Privacy, and Security 294
Introduction 294
Ethics 296
Ethical Frameworks 296
Ethics and the Law 296
Ethical Issues and Information and Communications Technologies 297
Information Ethics 298
Intellectual Property and Digital Rights Management 298
Plagiarism 300
Privacy 301
Trading Privacy for Convenience and Freebies 302
Anonymity 303
Surveillance 304
“The Right to Be Forgotten” 305
Information Security 306
Risk Management 306
Identifying Threats 306
The Ethical Factor: Ethical Dilemmas in a Distributed Denial of Service Attack 309
Assessing Vulnerability 309

Administrative Security Controls 311
Technical Security Controls 311
Information Security and Cloud Computing 314
The Human Element in Information Ethics, Security, and Privacy 315
Cognitive Issues and Productivity 315
Social Engineering and Information Security 316
Security Awareness and Ethical Decision Making 316
Chapter Summary 319
EXCEL APPLICATION: Citywide Community College 321
ACCESS APPLICATION: Citywide Community College 321
Case Study #1 Zynga Kills Petville and Angers Virtual Pet Owners 322
Case Study #2 Community Policing on the Internet: Spamhaus Targets
Worldwide Spammers 323
E-Project 1 Tracking the Trackers: Investigating How Third-Party Cookies
Steer the Ads You See 325
E-Project 2 Analyzing Spammers by Country Using Excel Pivot Tables 325
Chapter Notes 326

xx Cont e n ts
CHAPTER
11 Systems Development and Procurement 328
Introduction 328
Systems Development Life Cycle 330
Planning 330
Analysis 331
Design Phase 333
Development Phases 335
Testing Phase 336
Implementation 337
Maintenance 338
Software Development Strategies 339
The Ethical Factor: Developing Systems That Promote Ethical Decision Making and Social Responsibility 340
Waterfall Software Development 340

Iterative Methods 341
Agile Methods 342
Comparing Software Development Approaches 342
Type of Project 342
Organizational Culture 343
Is Waterfall Dead? 343
Software Procurement: The “Buy” Strategy 343
Pros and Cons of Build and Buy 344
The Procurement Process 344
Adaptation and Customization 346
The Human Element in Systems Development and Procurement 346
Working in Teams 346
The Role of Senior Management 347
Working with Consultants 347
Chapter Summary 350
EXCEL APPLICATION: Jay’s Bikes 352
ACCESS APPLICATION: Managing a Recipe Collection 352
Case Study #1 Baby Steps toward Scrum: How BabyCenter.com Made the Cultural
Transition to Agile Software Development 353
Case Study #2 Extreme Programming at the U.S. Strategic Command 354
E-Project 1 Watching Babycenter.com Change over Time with the Internet Archive 355
E-Project 2 Analyzing Software Defect Rates Using Excel 355
Chapter Notes 356

Contents xxi
CHAPTER
12 Project Management and Strategic Planning 358
Introduction 358
What is a Project? 360
Projects Versus Processes 360
The Triple Constraint: Time, Cost, and Scope 361
Project Management 361
The Five Project Management Processes 362
The Role of the Project Manager 365
The Ethical Factor: Code of Ethics for Project Managers 366
Project Management Software 366

Managing Time 366
Managing People and Resources 366
Managing Costs 367
Why Projects Succeed and Why They Fail 368
Why Do Projects Fail? 368
Success Factors for Project Management 368
Strategic Planning for Information Systems 369
Vision, Principles, and Policies 369
Project Portfolio Management 372
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 374
Technology and Industry Trends 374
Planning for the Future: The Human Element 375
Cognitive Biases and Strategic Planning 376
The Black Swan 377
Chapter Summary 380
EXCEL APPLICATION: Creating a Gantt Chart with Excel 382
ACCESS APPLICATION: Apprentice Project Managers 383
Case Study #1 Predicting the Future: Gartner’s Research Informs Strategic Planning 384
Case Study #2 JetBlue and WestJet: A Tale of Two Software Implementations 385
E-Project 1 Checking on Gartner’s Predictions 387
E-Project 2 Analyzing Airline Performance with Excel Pivot Tables 387
Chapter Notes 388
End-of-Book Comprehensive Case Studies 389
Case Study #1 Facebook and Instagram: Privacy Challenges 389
Case Study #2 Enabling the Sharing Economy: The Case of Uber Technologies 393
Case Study #3 Apple: Can the Company Pull Off Another Disruptive Innovation? 396
Case Study #4 Managing the Federal Government’s IT Project Portfolio 399
Glossary 403
Index 411


Preface
What’s New in the 3rd Edition

The information systems field is fast-moving, and this 3rd edition features a number of new
trends that affect organizations around the world. All chapters and case studies have been
fully updated with current information and sources.
IS
Major new features include the following:
Extended coverage of the Internet of Things throughout, discussing the explosive
increase in connected devices and the data they manage
Updated Chapter 3 to introduce recent technologies and trends in enterprise architectures
Revised Chapters 6 and 7 to expand coverage of social media, social and mobile market-
ing, and digital analytics
Added several new case studies:
How eBay Scales Its Database Architecture with SQL and NoSQL (Chapter 4)
Salesforce.com: Taking CRM to the Cloud (Chapter 5)
LinkedIn: The Social Network and E-Marketplace for Professionals (Chapter 6)
Enabling the Sharing Economy: The Case of Uber Technologies (End-of-book com-
prehensive case)
Chapter-Specific Changes
CHAPTER 1: Information Systems and People
New key term introduces the Internet of Things, a subject that receives expanded atten-
tion in this edition
Updated tables showing social network usage
Updated table showing important MIS research topics
New information on Google’s Project Loon, to bring Internet access to developing coun-
tries
Updated information on recent data breaches
Updated case studies on Nasdaq and Twitter with current information and recent sources
CHAPTER 2: Information Systems and Strategy

Updated figure showing net profit margins of selected industries
New examples of recent disruptive innovations and strategic enablers, such as ride-
hailing services, 3-D printing, and self-driving vehicles
Improved figure illustrating cloud computing
Updated graphs showing average IT spending by industry and per employee
Updated cases on GameStop and net neutrality using current information and recent sources
CHAPTER 3: Information and Communications Technologies:

The Enterprise Architecture
Added infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) as new key
terms with discussion
Updated figures showing market share data for operating systems
Added recently released 802.11 standards to table
xxiii

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Also the facts of the election in Hamilton, where the election
officers exercised no control over the ballot-box, but left it in
unauthorized hands, that it might be tampered with.
Also the reasons why the Attorney General of the State, Wm.
Archer Cocke, as a member of the Canvassing Board, officially
advised the board, and himself voted, to exclude the Hamilton
county and Key West precinct returns, thereby giving, in any event,
over 500 majority to the Republican electoral ticket, and afterwards
protested against the result which he had voted for, and whether or
not said Cocke was afterward rewarded for such protest by being
made a State Judge.
OREGON.
And that said committee is further instructed and directed to

investigate into all the facts connected with an alleged attempt to
secure one electoral vote in the State of Oregon for Samuel J. Tilden
for President of the United States, and Thomas A. Hendricks for
Vice-President, by unlawfully setting up the election of E. A. Cronin
as one of such presidential electors elected from the State of Oregon
on the 7th of November, the candidates for the presidential electors
on the two tickets being as follows:
On the Republican ticket: W. C. Odell, J. C. Cartwright, and John
W. Watts.
On the Democratic ticket; E. A. Cronin, W. A. Laswell, and Henry
Klippel.
The votes received by each candidate, as shown by the official vote
as canvassed, declared, and certified to by the Secretary of State
under the seal of the State,—the Secretary being under the laws of
Oregon sole canvassing officer, as will be shown hereafter,—being as
follows:
W. K. Odell received 15,206 votes
John C. Cartwright received 15,214 „
John W. Watts received 15,206 „
E. A. Cronin received 14,157 „
W. A. Laswell received 14,149 „
Henry Klippel received 14,136 „
And by the unlawful attempt to bribe one of said legally elected

electors to recognize said Cronin as an elector for President and Vice-
President, in order that one of the electoral votes of said State might
be cast for said Samuel J. Tilden as President and for Thomas A.
Hendricks as Vice-President; and especially to examine and inquire
into all the facts relating to the sending of money from New York to
some place in said Oregon for the purposes of such bribery, the
parties sending and receiving the same, and their relations to and
agency for said Tilden, and more particularly to investigate into all
the circumstances attending the transmission of the following
telegraphic despatches:
“Portland, Oregon, Nov. 14, 1876.
“Gov. L. F. Grover:
“Come down to-morrow if possible.
“W. H. Effinger,
“A. Noltner,
“C. P. Bellinger.”
“Portland, November 16, 1876.
“To Gov. Grover, Salem:
“We want to see you particularly on account of despatches from the East.
“William Strong,
“C. P. Bellinger,
“S. H. Reed,
“W. W. Thayer,
“C. E. Bronaugh.”
Also the following cipher despatch sent from Portland, Oregon, on
the 28th day of November, 1876, to New York City:
“To W. T. Pelton, No. 15 Gramercy Park, New York:
“By vizier association innocuous negligence cunning minutely previously

readmit doltish to purchase afar act with cunning afar sacristy unweighed afar
pointer tigress cattle superannuated syllabus dilatoriness misapprehension
contraband Kountz bisulcuous top usher spiniferous answer.
J. H. N. Patrick.
“I fully endorse this.
“James K. Kelly.”
Of which, when the key was discovered, the following was found to
be the true intent and meaning:
“Certificate will be issued to one Democrat. Must purchase a Republican elector

to recognize and act with Democrats and secure the vote and prevent trouble.
Deposit $10,000 to my credit with Kountz Brothers, Wall Street. Answer.
J. H. N. Patrick.
“I fully endorse this.
“James K. Kelly.”
Also the following:

“New York, November 25, 1876.
“A. Bush, Salem:
“Use all means to prevent certificate. Very important.
C. E. Tilton.”
Also the following:

“December 1, 1876.
“To Hon. Sam. J. Tilden, No. 15 Gramercy Park, New York:
“I shall decide every point in the case of post-office elector in favor of the highest
Democratic elector, and grant certificate accordingly on morning of 6th instant.
Confidential.
Governor.”
Also the following:

“San Francisco, December 5.
“Ladd & Bush, Salem:
“Funds from New York will be deposited to your credit here to-morrow when
bank opens. I know it. Act accordingly. Answer.
W. C. Griswold.”
Also the following, six days before the foregoing:

“To J. H. N. Patrick, Portland, Oregon:
“Moral hasty sideral vizier gabble cramp by hemistic welcome licentiate

muskeete compassion neglectful recoverable hathouse live innovator brackish
association dime afar idolator session hemistic mitre.”
[No signature.]
Of which the interpretation is as follows:

“To J. H. N. Patrick, Portland, Oregon:
“No. How soon will Governor decide certificate? If you make obligation
contingent on the result in March, it can be done, and slightly if necessary.”
[No signature.]
Also the following, one day later:

“Governor all right without reward. Will issue certificate Tuesday. This is a
secret. Republicans threaten if certificate issued to ignore Democratic claims and
fill vacancy, and thus defeat action of Governor. One elector must be paid to
recognize Democrat to secure majority. Have employed three lawyers, editor of
only Republican paper as one lawyer, fee $3,000. Will take $5,000 for Republican
elector; must raise money; can’t make fee contingent. Sail Saturday. Kelly and
Bellinger will act. Communicate with them. Must act promptly.”
[No signature].
Also the following:

“San Francisco, December 5, 1876.
“To Kountze Bros., No. 12 Wall St., New York:
“Has my account credit by any funds lately? How much?
“J. H. N. Patrick.”
Also the following:

“New York, December 6.
“J. H. N. Patrick, San Francisco:
“Davis deposited eight thousand dollars December first.
Kountze Bros.”
Also the following:

“San Francisco, December 6.
“To James K. Kelly:
“The eight deposited as directed this morning. Let no technicality prevent

winning. Use your discretion.”
[No signature.]
And the following:

“New York, December 6.
“Hon. Jas. K. Kelly:
“Is your matter certain? There must be no mistake. All depends on you. Place no
reliance on any favorable report from three southward. Sonetter. Answer quick.”
[No signature.]
Also the following:

“December 6, 1876.
“To Col. W. T. Pelton, 15 Gramercy Park, N. Y.:
“Glory to God! Hold on to the one vote in Oregon! I have one hundred thousand
men to back it up!
“Corse.”
And said committee is further directed to inquire into and bring to

light, so far as it may be possible, the entire correspondence and
conspiracy referred to in the above telegraphic despatches, and to
ascertain what were the relations existing between any of the parties
sending or receiving said despatches and W. T. Pelton, of New York,
and also what relations existed between said W. T. Pelton and
Samuel J. Tilden, of New York.
April 15, 1878, Mr. Kimmel introduced a bill, which was never
finally acted upon, to provide a mode for trying and determining by
the Supreme Court of the United States the title of the President and
Vice-President of the United States to take their respective offices
when their election to such offices is denied by one or more of the
States of the Union.
The question of the title of President was finally settled June 14,
1878, by the following report of the House Judiciary Committee:
Report of the Judiciary Committee.
June 14—Mr. Hartridge, from the Committee on the Judiciary,

made the following report:
The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom were referred the bill
(H. R. No. 4315) and the resolutions of the Legislature of the State of
Maryland directing judicial proceedings to give effect to the electoral
vote of that State in the last election of President and Vice-President
of the United States, report back said bill and resolutions with a
recommendation that the bill do not pass.
Your committee are of the opinion that Congress has no power,
under the Constitution, to confer upon the Supreme Court of the
United States the original jurisdiction sought for it by this bill. The
only clause of the Constitution which could be plausibly invoked to
enable Congress to provide the legal machinery for the litigation
proposed, is that which gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction
in “cases” or “controversies” between a State and the citizens of
another State. The committee are of the opinion that this expression
“cases” and “controversies” was not intended by the framers of the
Constitution to embrace an original proceeding by a State in the
Supreme Court of the United States to oust any incumbent from a
political office filled by the declaration and decision of the two
Houses of Congress clothed with the constitutional power to count
the electoral votes and decide as a final tribunal upon the election for
President and Vice-President. The Forty-fourth Congress selected a
commission to count the votes for President and Vice-President,
reserving to itself the right to ratify or reject such count, in the way
prescribed in the act creating such commission. By the joint action of
the two Houses it ratified the count made by the commission, and
thus made it the expression of its own judgment.
All the Departments of the Federal Government, all the State
governments in their relations to Federal authority, foreign nations,
the people of the United States, all the material interests and
industries of the country, have acquiesced in, and acted in
accordance with, the pronounced finding of that Congress. In the
opinion of this committee, the present Congress has no power to
undo the work of its predecessor in counting the electoral vote, or to
confer upon any judicial tribunal the right to pass upon and perhaps
set aside the action of that predecessor in reference to a purely
political question, the decision of which is confided by the
Constitution in Congress.
But apart from these fundamental objections to the bill under
consideration, there are features and provisions in it which are
entirely impracticable. Your committee can find no warrant of
authority to summon the chief justices of the supreme courts of the
several States to sit at Washington as a jury to try any case, however
grave and weighty may be its nature. The right to summon must
carry with it the power to enforce obedience to the mandate, and the
Committee can see no means by which the judicial officers of a State
can be compelled to assume the functions of jurors in the Supreme
Court of the United States.
There are other objections to the practical working of the bill
under consideration, to which we do not think it necessary to refer.
It may be true that the State of Maryland has been, in the late
election for President and Vice-President deprived of her just and
full weight in deciding who were legally chosen, by reason of frauds
perpetrated by returning boards in some of the States. It may also be
true that these fraudulent acts were countenanced or encouraged or
participated in by some who now enjoy high offices as the fruit of
such frauds. It is due to the present generation of the people of this
country and their posterity, and to the principles on which our
Government is founded, that all evidence tending to establish the
fact of such fraudulent practices should be calmly, carefully, and
rigorously examined.
But your committee are of the opinion that the consequence of
such examination, if it discloses guilt upon the part of any in high
official position, should not be an effort to set aside the judgment of a
former Congress as to the election of a President and Vice-President,
but should be confined to the punishment, by legal and
constitutional means, of the offenders, and to the preservation and
perpetuation of the evidences of their guilt, so that the American
people may be protected from a recurrence of the crime.
Your committee, therefore, recommend the adoption of the
accompanying resolution:
Resolved, That the two Houses of the Forty-fourth Congress
having counted the votes cast for President and Vice-President of the
United States, and having declared Rutherford B. Hayes to be elected
President, and William A. Wheeler to be elected Vice-President,
there is no power in any subsequent Congress to reverse that
declaration, nor can any such power be exercised by the courts of the
United States, or any other tribunal that Congress can create under
the Constitution.
We agree to the foregoing report so far as it states the reasons for

the resolution adopted by the committee, but dissent from the
concluding portion, as not having reference to such reasons, as not
pertinent to the inquiry before us, and as giving an implied sanction
to the propriety of the pending investigation ordered by a majority
vote of the House of Representatives, to which we were and are
opposed.
Wm. P. Frye.
O. D. Conger.
E. G. Lapham.
Leave was given to Mr. Knott to present his individual views, also
to Mr. Butler (the full committee consisting of Messrs. Knott,
Lynde, Harris, of Virginia, Hartridge, Stenger, McMahon,
Culberson, Frye, Butler, Conger, Lapham.)
The question being on the resolution reported by the committee, it
was agreed to—yeas 235, nays 14, not voting 42.
The Hayes Administration.
It can be truthfully said that from the very beginning the

administration of President Hayes had not the cordial support of the
Republican party, nor was it solidly opposed by the Democrats, as
was the last administration of General Grant. His early withdrawal of
the troops from the Southern States,—and it was this withdrawal and
the suggestion of it from the “visiting statesmen” which overthrew
the Packard government in Louisiana,—embittered the hostility of
many radical Republicans. Senator Conkling was conspicuous in his
opposition, as was Logan of Illinois; and when he reached
Washington, the younger Senator Cameron, of Pennsylvania. It was
during this administration, and because of its conservative
tendencies, that these three leaders formed the purpose to bring
Grant again to the Presidency. Yet the Hayes administration was not
always conservative, and many Republicans believed that its
moderation had afforded a much needed breathing spell to the
country. Toward its close all became better satisfied, the radical
portion by the President’s later efforts to prevent the intimidation of
negro voters in the South, a form of intimidation which was now
accomplished by means of rifle clubs, still another advance from the
White League and the Ku Klux. He made this a leading feature in his
annual message to the Congress which began December 2d, 1878,
and by a virtual abandonment of his earlier policy he succeeded in
reuniting what were then fast separating wings of his own party. The
conference report on the Legislative Appropriation Bill was adopted
by both Houses June 18th, and approved the 21st. The Judicial
Expenses Bill was vetoed by the President June 23d, on the ground
that it would deprive him of the means of executing the election laws.
An attempt on the part of the Democrats to pass the Bill over the veto
failed for want of a two-thirds vote, the Republicans voting solidly
against it. June 26th the vetoed bill was divided, the second division
still forbidding the pay of deputy marshals at elections. This was
again vetoed, and the President sent a special message urging the
necessity of an appropriation to pay United States marshals. Bills
were accordingly introduced, but were defeated. This failure to
appropriate moneys called for continued until the end of the session.
The President was compelled, therefore, to call an extra session,
which he did March 19th, 1879, in words which briefly explain the
cause:—
THE EXTRA SESSION OF 1879.
“The failure of the last Congress to make the requisite

appropriation for legislative and judicial purposes, for the expenses
of the several executive departments of the Government, and for the
support of the Army, has made it necessary to call a special session of
the Forty-sixth Congress.
“The estimates of the appropriations needed, which were sent to
Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury at the opening of the last
session, are renewed, and are herewith transmitted to both the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
“Regretting the existence of the emergency which requires a
special session of Congress at a time when it is the general judgment
of the country that the public welfare will be best promoted by
permanency in our legislation, and by peace and rest, I commend
these few necessary measures to your considerate attention.”
By this time both Houses were Democratic. In the Senate there
were 42 Democrats, 33 Republicans and 1 Independent (David
Davis). In the House 149 Democrats, 130 Republicans, and 14
Nationals—a name then assumed by the Greenbackers and Labor-
Reformers. The House passed the Warner Silver Bill, providing for
the unlimited coinage of silver, the Senate Finance Committee
refused to report it, the Chairman, Senator Bayard, having refused to
report it, and even after a request to do so from the Democratic
caucus,—a course of action which heralded him every where as a
“hard-money” Democrat.
The main business of the extra session was devoted to the
consideration of the Appropriation Bills which the regular session
had failed to pass. On all of these the Democrats added “riders” for
the purpose of destroying Federal supervision of the elections, and
all of these political riders were vetoed by President Hayes. The
discussions of the several measures and the vetoes were highly
exciting, and this excitement cemented afresh the Republicans, and
caused all of them to act in accord with the administration. The
Democrats were equally solid, while the Nationals divided—Forsythe,
Gillette, Kelley, Weaver, and Yocum generally voting with the
Republicans; De La Matyr, Stevenson, Ladd and Wright with the
Democrats.
President Hayes, in his veto of the Army Appropriation Bill, said:
“I have maturely considered the important questions presented by
the bill entitled ‘An Act making appropriations for the support of the
Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, and for other
purposes,’ and I now return it to the House of Representatives, in
which it originated, with my objections to its approval.
“The bill provides, in the usual form, for the appropriations
required for the support of the Army during the next fiscal year. If it
contained no other provisions, it would receive my prompt approval.
It includes, however, further legislation, which, attached as it is to
appropriations which are requisite for the efficient performance of
some of the most necessary duties of the Government, involves
questions of the gravest character. The sixth section of the bill is
amendatory of the statute now in force in regard to the authority of
persons in the civil, military and naval service of the United States ‘at
the place where any general or special election is held in any State.’
This statute was adopted February 25, 1865, after a protracted
debate in the Senate, and almost without opposition in the House of
Representatives, by the concurrent votes of both of the leading
political parties of the country, and became a law by the approval of
President Lincoln. It was re-enacted in 1874 in the Revised Statutes
of the United States, sections 2002 and 5528.
“Upon the assembling of this Congress, in pursuance of a call for

an extra session, which was made necessary by the failure of the
Forty-fifth Congress to make the needful appropriations for the
support of the Government, the question was presented whether the
attempt made in the last Congress to engraft, by construction, a new
principle upon the Constitution should be persisted in or not. This
Congress has ample opportunity and time to pass the appropriation
bills, and also to enact any political measures which may be
determined upon in separate bills by the usual and orderly methods
of proceeding. But the majority of both Houses have deemed it wise
to adhere to the principles asserted and maintained in the last
Congress by the majority of the House of Representatives. That
principle is that the House of Representatives has the sole right to
originate bills for raising revenue, and therefore has the right to
withhold appropriations upon which the existence of the
Government may depend, unless the Senate and the President shall
give their assent to any legislation which the House may see fit to
attach to appropriation bills. To establish this principle is to make a
radical, dangerous, and unconstitutional change in the character of
our institutions. The various Departments of the Government, and
the Army and Navy, are established by the Constitution, or by laws
passed in pursuance thereof. Their duties are clearly defined, and
their support is carefully provided for by law. The money required
for this purpose has been collected from the people, and is now in the
Treasury, ready to be paid out as soon as the appropriation bills are
passed. Whether appropriations are made or not, the collection of
the taxes will go on. The public money will accumulate in the
Treasury. It was not the intention of the framers of the Constitution
that any single branch of the Government should have the power to
dictate conditions upon which this treasure should be applied to the
purpose for which it was collected. Any such intention, if it had been
entertained, would have been plainly expressed in the Constitution.”
The vote in the House on this Bill, notwithstanding the veto, was
148 for to 122 against—a party vote, save the division of the
Nationals, previously given. Not receiving a two-thirds vote, the Bill
failed.
The other appropriation bills with political riders shared the same
fate, as did the bill to prohibit military interference at elections, the
modification of the law touching supervisors and marshals at
congressional elections, etc. The debates on these measures were
bitterly partisan in their character, as a few quotations from the
Congressional Record will show:
The Republican view was succinctly and very eloquently stated by
General Garfield, when, in his speech of the 29th of March, 1879, he
said to the revolutionary Democratic House:
“The last act of Democratic domination in this Capitol, eighteen
years ago, was striking and dramatic, perhaps heroic. Then the
Democratic party said to the Republicans, ‘If you elect the man of
your choice as President of the United States we will shoot your
Government to death;’ and the people of this country, refusing to be
coerced by threats or violence, voted as they pleased, and lawfully
elected Abraham Lincoln President of the United States.
“Then your leaders, though holding a majority in the other branch
of Congress, were heroic enough to withdraw from their seats and
fling down the gage of mortal battle. We called it rebellion; but we
recognized it as courageous and manly to avow your purpose, take all
the risks, and fight it out on the open field. Notwithstanding your
utmost efforts to destroy it, the Government was saved. Year by year
since the war ended, those who resisted you have come to believe
that you have finally renounced your purpose to destroy, and are
willing to maintain the Government. In that belief you have been
permitted to return to power in the two Houses.
“To-day, after eighteen years of defeat, the book of your
domination is again opened, and your first act awakens every
unhappy memory and threatens to destroy the confidence which
your professions of patriotism inspired. You turned down a leaf of
the history that recorded your last act of power in 1861, and you have
now signalized your return to power by beginning a second chapter
at the same page; not this time by a heroic act that declares war on
the battle-field, but you say if all the legislative powers of the
Government do not consent to let you tear certain laws out of the
statute book, you will not shoot our Government to death as you
tried to do in the first chapter; but you declare that if we do not
consent against our will, if you cannot coerce an independent branch
of this Government against its will, to allow you to tear from the
statute books some laws put there by the will of the people, you will
starve the Government to death. [Great applause on the Republican
side.]
“Between death on the field and death by starvation, I do not know
that the American people will see any great difference. The end, if
successfully reached, would be death in either case. Gentlemen, you
have it in your power to kill this Government; you have it in your
power, by withholding these two bills, to smite the nerve-centres of
our Constitution with the paralysis of death; and you have declared
your purpose to do this, if you cannot break down that fundamental
element of free consent which up to this hour has always ruled in the
legislation of this Government.”
The Democratic view was ably given by Representative Tucker of
Virginia, April 3, 1879: “I tell you, gentlemen of the House of
Representatives, the Army dies on the 30th day of June, unless we
resuscitate it by legislation. And what is the question here on this
bill? Will you resuscitate the Army after the 30th of June, with the
power to use it as keepers of the polls? That is the question. It is not a
question of repeal. It is a question of re-enactment. If you do not
appropriate this money, there will be no Army after the 30th of June
to be used at the polls. The only way to secure an Army at the polls is
to appropriate the money. Will you appropriate the money for the
Army in order that they may be used at the polls? We say no, a
thousand times no. * * * The gentlemen on the other side say there
must be no coercion. Of whom? Of the President? But what right has
the President to coerce us? There may be coercion one way or the
other. He demands an unconditional supply. We say we will give
him no supply but upon conditions. * * * When, therefore, vicious
laws have fastened themselves upon the statute book which imperil
the liberty of the people, this House is bound to say it will
appropriate no money to give effect to such laws until and except
upon condition that they are repealed. [Applause on the Democratic
side.] * * * We will give him the Army on a single condition that it
shall never be used or be present at the polls when an election is held
for members of this House, or in any presidential election, or in any
State or municipal election. * * * Clothed thus with unquestioned
power, bound by clear duty, to expunge these vicious laws from the
statute book, following a constitutional method sanctioned by
venerable precedents in English history, we feel that we have the
undoubted right, and are beyond cavil in the right, in declaring that
with our grant of supply there must be a cessation of these
grievances, and we make these appropriations conditioned on
securing a free ballot and fair juries for our citizens.”
The Senate, July 1, passed the House bill placing quinine on the
free list.
The extra session finally passed the Appropriation bills without
riders, and adjourned July 1st, 1879, with the Republican party far
more firmly united than at the beginning of the Hayes
administration. The attempt on the part of the Democrats to pass
these political riders, and their threat, in the words of Garfield, who
had then succeeded Stevens and Blaine as the Republican
Commoner of the House, reawakened all the partisan animosities
which the administration of President Hayes had up to that time
allayed. Even the President caught its spirit, and plainly manifested
it in his veto messages. It was a losing battle to the Democrats, for
they had, with the view not to “starve the government,” to abandon
their position, and the temporary demoralization which followed
bridged over the questions pertaining to the title of President Hayes,
overshadowed the claims of Tilden, and caused the North to again
look with grave concern on the establishment of Democratic power.
If it had not been for this extra session, it is asserted and believed by
many, the Republicans could not have so soon gained control of the
lower House, which they did in the year following; and that the plan
to nominate General Hancock for the Presidency, which originated
with Senator Wallace of Pennsylvania, could not have otherwise
succeeded if Tilden’s cause had not been kept before his party,
unclouded by an extra session which was freighted with disaster to
the Democratic party.
The Negro Exodus.
During this summer political comment, long after adjournment,

was kept active by a great negro exodus from the South to the
Northwest, most of the emigrants going to Kansas. The Republicans
ascribed this to ill treatment, the Democrats to the operations of
railroad agents. The people of Kansas welcomed them, but other
States, save Indiana, were slow in their manifestations of hospitality,
and the exodus soon ceased for a time. It was renewed in South
Carolina in the winter of 1881–82, the design being to remove to
Arkansas, but at this writing it attracts comparatively little notice.
The Southern journals generally advise more liberal treatment of the
blacks in matters of education, labor contracts, etc., while none of the
Northern or Western States any longer make efforts to get the benefit
of their labor, if indeed they ever did.
Closing Hours of the Hayes Administration.
At the regular session of Congress, which met December 1st, 1879,

President Hayes advised Congress against any further legislation in
reference to coinage, and favored the retirement of the legal tenders.
The most important political action taken at this session was the
passage, for Congress was still Democratic, of a law to prevent the
use of the army to keep the peace at the polls. To this was added the
Garfield proviso, that it should not be construed to prevent the
Constitutional use of the army to suppress domestic violence in a
State—a proviso which in the view of the Republicans rid the bill of
material partisan objections, and it was therefore passed and
approved. The “political riders” were again added to the
Appropriation and Deficiency bills, but were again vetoed and failed
in this form to become laws. Upon these questions President Hayes
showed much firmness. During the session the Democratic
opposition to the General Election Law was greatly tempered, the
Supreme Court having made an important decision, which upheld its
constitutionality. Like all sessions under the administration of
President Hayes and since, nothing was done to provide permanent
and safe methods for completing the electoral count. On this
question each party seemed to be afraid of the other. The session
adjourned June 16th, 1880.
The second session of the 46th Congress began December 1st,
1880. The last annual message of President Hayes recommended the
earliest practicable retirement of the legal-tender notes, and the
maintenance of the present laws for the accumulation of a sinking
fund sufficient to extinguish the public debt within a limited period.
The laws against polygamy, he said, should be firmly and effectively
executed. In the course of a lengthy discussion of the civil service the
President declared that in his opinion “every citizen has an equal
right to the honor and profit of entering the public service of his
country. The only just ground of discrimination is the measure of
character and capacity he has to make that service most useful to the
people. Except in cases where, upon just and recognized principles,
as upon the theory of pensions, offices and promotions are bestowed
as rewards for past services, their bestowal upon any theory which
disregards personal merit is an act of injustice to the citizen, as well
as a breach of that trust subject to which the appointing power is
held. Considerable space was given in the Message to the condition
of the Indians, the President recommending the passage of a law
enabling the government to give Indians a title-fee, inalienable for
twenty-five years, to the farm lands assigned to them by allotment.
He also repeats the recommendation made in a former message that
a law be passed admitting the Indians who can give satisfactory proof
of having by their own labor supported their families for a number of
years, and who are willing to detach themselves from their tribal
relations, to the benefit of the Homestead Act, and authorizing the
government to grant them patents containing the same provision of
inalienability for a certain period.
The Senate, on the 19th, appointed a committee of five to
investigate the causes of the recent negro exodus from the South. On
the same day a committee was appointed by the House to examine
into the subject of an inter-oceanic ship-canal.
The payment of the award of the Halifax Fisheries Commission—
$5,500,000—to the British government was made by the American
minister in London, November 23, 1879, accompanied by a
communication protesting against the payment being understood as
an acquiescence in the result of the Commission “as furnishing any
just measure of the value of a participation by our citizens in the
inshore fisheries of the British Provinces.”
On the 17th of December 1879, gold was sold in New York at par. It
was first sold at a premium January 13, 1862. It reached its highest
rate, $2.85, July 11, 1864.
The electoral vote was counted without any partisan excitement or
disagreement. Georgia’s electoral college had met on the second
instead of the first Wednesday of December, as required by the
Federal law. She actually voted under her old Confederate law, but as
it could not change the result, both parties agreed to the count of the
vote of Georgia “in the alternative,” i. e.—“if the votes of Georgia
were counted the number of votes for A and B. for President and
Vice-President would be so many, and if the votes of Georgia were
not counted, the number of votes for A and B. for President and Vice-
President would be so many, and that in either case A and B are
elected.”
Among the bills not disposed of by this session were the electoral
count joint rule; the funding bill; the Irish relief bill; the Chinese
indemnity bill; to restrict Chinese immigration; to amend the
Constitution as to the election of President; to regulate the pay and
number of supervisors of election and special deputy marshals; to
abrogate the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty; to prohibit military interference
at elections; to define the terms of office of the Chief Supervisors of
elections; for the appointment of a tariff commission; the political
assessment bill; the Kellogg-Spofford case; and the Fitz-John Porter
bill.
The regular appropriation bills were all completed. The total
amount appropriated was about $186,000,000. Among the special
sums voted were $30,000 for the centennial celebration of the
Yorktown victory, and $100,000 for a monument to commemorate
the same.
Congress adjourned March 3d, 1881, and President Hayes on the
following day retired from office. The effect of his administration
was, in a political sense, to strengthen a growing independent
sentiment in the ranks of the Republicans—an element more
conservative generally in its views than those represented by
Conkling and Blaine. This sentiment began with Bristow, who while
in the cabinet made a show of seeking out and punishing all
corruptions in government office or service. On this platform and
record he had contested with Hayes the honors of the Presidential
nominations, and while the latter was at the time believed to well
represent the same views, they were not urgently pressed during his
administration. Indeed, without the knowledge of Hayes, what is
believed to be a most gigantic “steal,” and which is now being
prosecuted under the name of the Star Route cases, had its birth, and
thrived so well that no important discovery was made until the
incoming of the Garfield administration. The Hayes administration,
it is now fashionable to say, made little impress for good or evil upon
the country, but impartial historians will give it the credit of

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(eBook PDF) Introduction to

Information Systems: People,

Introduction to Information Systems

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Information Systems and Strategy 32

C a s e St u d i e s Facebook and Instagram: Privacy Challenges 389

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Information Systems and People 2

The Ethical Factor: Ethical Issues Surrounding Information Systems 22

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E-Project 1 Analyzing the May 6 “Flash Crash” with Excel Charts 29

The Ethical Factor: Ethical Responsibility in an Extended Value Chain 44

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The Ethical Factor: Ethical Implications of Big Data 70

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Developing and Managing a Relational Database 105

Managing and Maintaining the Database 112

The Ethical Factor: Ethics and Talent Management 138

Measuring Performance in Supply Chains 139

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The Ethical Factor: Website Accessibility: Why Is Progress So Slow? 175

Software Development Strategies for the Web 175

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Online Simulation 188

The Ethical Factor: The Ethics of Tagging Faces in Photos 204

Data Mining and Analytics 204

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Managing Online Impressions 247

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Technology Hurdles and Content Issues 274

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Assessing Vulnerability 309

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Waterfall Software Development 340

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The Ethical Factor: Code of Ethics for Project Managers 366

Project Management Software 366

End-of-Book Comprehensive Case Studies 389

Case Study #1 Facebook and Instagram: Privacy Challenges 389

Case Study #4 Managing the Federal Government’s IT Project Portfolio 399

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What’s New in the 3rd Edition

CHAPTER 2: Information Systems and Strategy

CHAPTER 3: Information and Communications Technologies:

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And that said committee is further instructed and directed to

And by the unlawful attempt to bribe one of said legally elected

“Come down to-morrow if possible.

“Portland, November 16, 1876.

“To Gov. Grover, Salem:

“To W. T. Pelton, No. 15 Gramercy Park, New York:

“By vizier association innocuous negligence cunning minutely previously

“I fully endorse this.

“To W. T. Pelton, No. 15 Gramercy Park, New York:

“Certificate will be issued to one Democrat. Must purchase a Republican elector

“I fully endorse this.

Also the following:

“A. Bush, Salem: