NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

GEOGRAPHY
MID-YEAR EXAMINATION
MAY/JUNE 2023

MARKS : 150
DURATION : 3 hours.

This question paper consists of 20 pages.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS:

SECTION A:
QUESTION 1: Atmosphere (60)
QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60)

SECTION B:
QUESTION 3: Geographical Skills and techniques (30)

2. Answer ALL THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.
4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.
5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
7. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list.
8. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g 1020hPa, 14 °C
and 45 m.
9. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
10. You may use a magnifying glass.
11. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

12. Use the 1: 50 000 topographic map 2629DB from Ermelo and a 1:10 000 Orthophoto
map 2629 DB 5 from Ermelo / 1: 50 000 topographic map 3224 BC GRAAFF REINET
and a 1: 10 000 Orthophoto map 3224BC 01 GRAAFF REINET.
13. The area dermacated in RED /BLACK on the topographic map represents the area
covered by the orthophoto map.
14. Show ALL calculations where applicable. Marks will be allocated for this.
15. You must hand in the topographic map and the Orthophoto map to the invigilator at
the end of this examination.

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SECTION A: THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE

1.1. Refer to FIGURE 1.1 which shows the different angles at which the sun’s rays
strike the Earth’s surface to answer the following questions: Choose either A or
B as your answers.

FIGURE 1.1: THE ANGLE AT WHICH THE SUN’S RAYS STRIKE THE EARTH

Source: google search

1.1.1. At which place do the sun’s rays pass through a larger atmosphere than the
other?
1.1.2. Where do the sun’s rays spread over a larger surface?
1.1.3. At which place will the atmosphere be more intensely heated?
1.1.4. A place with a higher albedo.
1.1.5. A place where the sun’s rays strike the earth at 90° angle.
1.1.6. The sun travels a longer distance before reaching this place.
1.1.7. This place receives insolation throughout the year (7x1) (7)

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1.2. Refer to the Figure below that shows the relationship between pressure
gradient force and Coriolis force. Choose the correct word(s)/letter(s) from
those given in brackets which will make each statement geographically
CORRECT. Write only the words(s)/letter(s) next to the question numbers
(1.2.1.-1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1. Winds blow flow from (A to B/B to A).

1.2.2. (Coriolis/pressure gradient) force determines the speed at which air moves.
1.2.3. A (Coriolis/pressure gradient) force causes winds to deflect or change
direction in both hemisphere.
1.2.4. In the Southern hemisphere winds deflect to their (left/right).
1.2.5. A (geostrophic/monsoon) wind blows when the pressure gradient and
Coriolis force is equal in strength.
1.2.6. Convergence is associated with a (low/high) pressure.
1.2.7. Subsidence is associated with a (low/high) pressure.
1.2.8. The pressure gradient is (steep/gentle) when isobars are far apart. (8x1) (8)

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1.3. Study the maps below showing warm, dry winds that blow over the North
American and European continents.

1.3.1. Provide the local names of the warm, dry winds indicated by A and B
in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.2. Is the wet adiabatic lapse rate found on the windward or leeward side? (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.3. Why is the wind dry at A and B on the maps? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.4. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the influence
that these warm, dry winds have on economic activities. (4 x 2) (8)

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1.4. Refer to the figure showing a synoptic weather map of southern Africa.

B A

1.4.1. Give evidence that the synoptic weather map presents

winter conditions. (1x1) (1)
1.4.2. Determine the isobaric interval on the synoptic weather map. (1x1) (1)
1.4.3. Name the high-pressure cell at A. (1x1) (1)
1.4.4. Give TWO general characteristics of high-pressure cell A. (2x2) (4)
1.4.5. How will the position of high-pressure cell B decrease the rainfall over
the western part of the country? (2x2) (4)
1.4.6. Explain how the warm and cold ocean currents on the eastern and
western side of South Africa would control the temperature of
South Africa in winter. (2x2) (4)

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1.5. Below is an extract on the effects of desertification in the Sahel region.

1.5.1. According to the extract, state ONE human cause of desertification. (1x1)
(1)
1.5.2. Name the region most vulnerable to desertification in Africa. (1x1)
(1)
1.5.3. Why is fertile soil so important to the people of Africa? (1x1)
(1)
1.5.4. What social impact would lack of fertile soil have on the people of Africa?

(2x2) (4)
1.5.5. How does desertification in Senegal have a negative economic impact
on other countries in Africa? (2x2)
(4)
1.5.6. Suggest TWO management strategies that could be implemented

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to combat (reduce) the spread of desertification. (2x2)

(4)
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QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY
2.1. Match a term/word in COLUMN B with the descriptions in COLUMN A. Write ONLY
the letter (A-I) next to the question numbers (2.1.1 – 2.1.8) in the answer sheet, e.g.
2.1.9 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

2.1.1. a process whereby a ridge erodes in the A. Lava

direction of a dip slope
2.1.2. The three roundavels are an example of this B. Scarp retreat
2.1.3. A process whereby a soft rock erodes quickly
leaving a hard rock hanging C. Homoclinal shifting
2.1.4. Volcanic rock that forms a plateau on the
surface D. Butte
2.1.5. Molten volcanic rock that erupts on the surface
of the earth E. Undercutting
2.1.6. This process is also known as back wasting
2.1.7. Landscapes that develop out of canyon F. Basalt
landscape
2.1.8. A process in which rocks are broken up into G. Weathering
smaller pieces by mechanical and chemical
processes H. Hilly landscapes

I. Karoo landscapes

(8x1) (8)

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2.2. Refer to FIGURE 2.2 which indicates a cuesta and a hogsback. Match each of
the descriptions below with sketches A or B
FIGURE 2.2: INCLINED STRATA

2.2.1 Can form in a dome or basin

2.2.2 Has a steep scarp slope and a gentle dip slope
2.2.3 Scarp slope is more than 45˚
2.2.4. It is a suitable location for dams
2.2.5. The gentle dip slope can be used for farming
2.2.6. Composed of steeply tilted strata of rock
2.2.7. Formed by gently tilted rock strata
(7x1) (7)

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2.3. Study the photos below A and B showing topography associated with massive
igneous rocks.

X Y

2.3.1. What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks? (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.2. Identify igneous landforms X and Y. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.3. How does landform X form? (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.4. Name TWO characteristics evident in sketch A that is typical of
a batholith. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.5. Refer to photo B, a dome-shaped landform.
(a) What type of igneous rock is this dome-shaped landform
a characteristic of ? (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Is this dome-shaped landform an example of intrusive or
extrusive igneous rocks? (1 x 1) (1)
(c) Name the type of weathering that occurs on this dome-shaped
landform. (1 x 1) (1)
(d) Explain how this dome-shaped landform has formed. (2 x 2) (4)

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2.4. Refer to FIGURE 2.4 which shows the typical slope elements/forms
labelled associated with a slope.

FIGURE 2.4: SLOPES

A
2.4.1. Identify the slope elements/forms labelled A, B, C and D. (4x1) (4)
2.4.2. Give ONE characteristic of each of the slope elements/forms
labelled D and B (2x2) (4)
2.4.3. Which slope element is best suited for crop farming? Give a reason
for your answer. (1+2) (3)
2.4.4. Slopes provide a valuable piece of land for mankind. Discuss the
significance of slopes for human activity. (2x2) (4)

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2.5. Study figure 2.5 below showing mass movement.

2.5.1. Define the concept mass movement. (1x2) (2)

2.5.2. What type of mass movement is illustrated in FIGURE 2.5.? (1x1) (1)
2.5.3. Provide evidence from FIGURE 2.5. that mass movement is
taking place. (1x2) (2)
2.5.4. Provide any negative impact of the mass movement indicated
in figure 2.5. (1x2) (2)
2.5.5. In paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss strategies that
can be used to minimize, the effects of mass movements. (4x2) (8)
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SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

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3.1. MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATION

3.1.1. The contour interval of the Orthophoto map is ……..
A 50 meters
B 20 meters
C 5 meters
D 10 meters (1x1) (1)
3.1.2. The altitude of the trig beacon in block D2 on the topographical map
is……
A. 305
B. 350
C. 1736.8
D. 1763.8 (1x1) (1)
3.1.3. Calculate the length of the dam wall in Block C3 in meters. (2x1) (2)
3.1.4. Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the slope on the
orthophoto map.
Use the following information:
Vertical scale: 1cm is to 20m
Horizontal scale is shown on the topographical map
VS
Formula VE= (5x1) (5)
HS
3.1.5. State the direction of the Opencast Mine at D1 and E1 on the
topographical map from Rietspruit in block D2 (1x1) (1)

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3.2. MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1. In which province is Ermelo located……
A. Limpopo
B. Gauteng
C. Mpumalanga
D. North west (1x1) (1)

3.2.2.The curved contour lines in (D1, C1 and C2) on the Orthophoto map
represent
A. Spur
B. Mountain
C. Valley
D. Excavations (1x1) (1)

3.2.3. Refer to the river in block D3 on the topographic map 2629DB Ermelo
and answer questions that follow.
(a) Is the river perennial or non-perennial? (1x1) (1)
(b) Determine the general flow of the river. (1x1) (1)
(c) Provide a reason to support your answer in 3.2.1 (b). (1x2) (2)
3.2.4. Refer to block D1 on the topographic map
(a) Identify the type of slope evident in block D1. (1x1) (1)
(b) Identify the type of mining evident in the block D1. (1x1) (1)
(c) Give two sources of water evident in block D1 that support the
farming community (2x1) (2)
3.2.5. Give the specific name of road passing through C2, D2 and D3 on
the orthophoto map. (You may also refer to the topographical map) (1x2) (2)

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GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1. Is Orthophoto map of Ermelo a vector or Raster map? (1x1) (1)

3.3.2. Give a reason to support your answer to QUESTION 3.3.1. (1x2) (2)
3.3.3. Refer to the photograph below about remote sensing.

(a) Define the concept remote sensing. (1 x 2) (2)

(b) State one advantage of remote sensing (1 x 1) (1)
(c) Name two examples of remote sensing (2 x 1) (2)
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QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATION
Study the topographic and orthophoto map and answer questions that follow
3.1.1. The contour interval in block C1 on the Orthophoto map is …. (1x1) (1)
A. 50 meters
B. 20 meters
C. 5 meters
D. 10 meters
3.1.2. The altitude of the trig beacon found in block C9 on the topographical
map is ……
A. 89
B. 98
C. 1066.7
D. 1077.6 (1x1) (1)
3.1.3. Calculate the length of the dam wall in Block K8 and K9. Give your
answers in meters. (2x1) (2)
3.1.4. (a) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the slope on the
orthophoto map.
Use the following information:
Vertical scale: 1cm is to 20m
The Horizontal scale is shown on the topographical map
VS
Formula VE=
HS
(5x1) (5)
3.1.5. State the direction of Excavation at H7 on the topographical map
from Edenvale in Block H9. (1x1) (1)
(10)

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3.2. MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1. In which province is Graaf-Reinet found
A. Limpopo
B. Mpumalanga
C. Eastern cape
D. Western Cape (1x1) (1)
3.2.2. The curved contour lines in (E2 to D2) on the Orthophoto map
represent
A. Spur
B. Mountain
C. Valley
D. Excavations (1x1) (1)
3.2.3. Refer to the river in block K9 on the topographic map
3224 Graaf-Reinet (south) and answer questions that follow.
(a) Is the river perennial or non-perennial? (1x1) (1)
(b) Determine the general flow of the river. (1x1) (1)
(c) Provide the reason to support your answer in 3.2.1 (b). (1x2) (2)
3.2.4. Refer to the topographic map to answer the following questions:
(a) Identify the type of slope represent by Letter B in block E3 on
the topographic map. (1x1) (1)
(b) Identify the feature labelled A in block H7 and H8. (1x1) (1)
(c) Give two sources of water evident in block K7and 8 that support
the farming community. (2x1) (2)
3.2.5. Give the specific name of road passing through B5 up to C5 on the
Orthophoto map. (1x2) (2)
(12)

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3.3. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

3.3.1. Is Orthophoto map of Graaf-Reinet a vector or Raster map? (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2. Give a reason to support your answer to QUESTION 3.3.1. (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.3. Refer to the photograph below about remote sensing.

(a) Define the concept remote sensing. (1 x 2) (2)

(b) State one advantage of remote sensing (1 x1) (1)
(c) Name two examples of remote sensing (2 x 1) (2)
(8)
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