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    1. The document discusses impedances of passive circuit elements including resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It describes how resistors have a real impedance while inductors and capacitors have imaginary impedances. 2. Circuit analysis techniques used for DC circuits such as KVL, KCL, source transformations, and Thevenin's theorem can also be used for sinusoidal steady-state analysis by replacing voltages, currents, and elements with their corresponding phasors and impedances. 3. Phasor diagrams provide a graphical way to represent phasors and solve for unknown circuit quantities by visualizing phasor additions and subtractions.

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    LEC01_2

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    1. The document discusses impedances of passive circuit elements including resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It describes how resistors have a real impedance while inductors and capacitors have imaginary impedances. 2. Circuit analysis techniques used for DC circuits such as KVL, KCL, source transformations, and Thevenin's theorem can also be used for sinusoidal steady-state analysis by replacing voltages, currents, and elements with their corresponding phasors and impedances. 3. Phasor diagrams provide a graphical way to represent phasors and solve for unknown circuit quantities by visualizing phasor additions and subtractions.

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    6 views82 pages

    Lec01 2

    Uploaded by

    awabnasirahmednasir
    1. The document discusses impedances of passive circuit elements including resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It describes how resistors have a real impedance while inductors and capacitors have imaginary impedances. 2. Circuit analysis techniques used for DC circuits such as KVL, KCL, source transformations, and Thevenin's theorem can also be used for sinusoidal steady-state analysis by replacing voltages, currents, and elements with their corresponding phasors and impedances. 3. Phasor diagrams provide a graphical way to represent phasors and solve for unknown circuit quantities by visualizing phasor additions and subtractions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 82

    EEE202 – Electric Circuits II

    Section 9.4
    Impedances of The Passive Circuit
    Elements

    1. Generalize resistance to impedance


    2. Impedances of R, L, C
    3. In phase & quadrature

    1
    The i-v relation and impedance of a resistor

     i(t) and v(t) reach the peaks simultaneously (in


    phase), ⇒ impedance Z = R is real.

    12
    The i-v relation and impedance of an inductor (2)

     v(t) leads i(t) by T/4 (+90° phase, i.e. quadrature)


    ⇒ impedance Z =jωL is purely positive imaginary.
    d
    v(t) = L i(t)
    dt

    13
    The i-v relation and impedance of a capacitor (2)

     v(t) lags i(t) by T/4 (-90° phase, i.e. quadrature)


    ⇒ impedance Z = 1 ( jωC ) is purely negative
    imaginary.

    14
    Circuit Analysis Techniques
    in the Frequency Domain

    58
    Summary

     All the DC circuit analysis techniques:


    1. KVL, KCL;
    2. Series, parallel, ∆-Y simplifications;
    3. Source transformations;
    4. Thévenin, Norton equivalent circuits;
    5. NVM, MCM;
    are still applicable to sinusoidal steady-state
    analysis if the voltages, currents, and passive
    elements are replaced by the corresponding
    phasors and impedances. 59
    60
    61
    Example 9.6: Series RLC circuit (1)

     Q: Given vs(t)=750 cos(5000t+30°), ⇒ i(t)=?

    Z L = jωL = j(5000)(32 ×10−3 ) = j160 Ω,



    Z 1 1
     C= =−j = − j40 Ω,
     jωC (5000)(5×10 )−6

    V = 750∠ 30  V,
     s
    62
    Example 9.6: Series RLC circuit (2)

    Zab = 90 + j160 − j40 = 90 + j120


    = 902 +1202 ∠ tan−1(120 90) = 150∠53.13 Ω,

    Vs 750∠30 V
    ⇒I= = = 5∠ − 23.13 
    A,
    Z ab 150∠53.13 Ω

    ⇒ i(t) = 5cos(5000t − 23.13) A.


    63
    Thévenin equivalent circuit

     Terminal voltage phasor and current phasor are


    the same by using either configuration.

    72
    Example 9.10 (1)

     Q: Find the Thévenin circuit for terminals a, b.

     Apply source transformation to {120V, 12Ω, 60Ω}


    twice to get a simplified circuit.
    73
    Example 9.10 (2)

    100 = (10 − j40 + 120)I + 10Vx , ⇒ (130 − j40)I + 10Vx = 100(1)


    Vx = 100 − 10I(2)
    74
    Example 9.10 (3)

    − 900
    I= = 18∠ −126.87 A,
    30 − j40
    VTh = 10(100 −10I) + 120I = 835.22∠ − 20.17 V.
    75
    Example 9.10 (4)
    VT
    Ia =
    − j40 + (12 // 60)
    VT
    = ,
    10 − j40
    Vx = (12 // 60)Ia = 10Ia ,
    VT −10Vx
    Ib = ,
    120

    VT −100I a Ia VT 1 VT VT
    IT = I a + I b = I a + = + = + ,
    120 6 120 6 10 − j40 120
    ZTh = VT IT = 91.2 − j38.4 Ω.
    76
    Phasor Diagrams

    78
    Definition

     Graphical representation of -7-j3 = 7.62∠-156.8°


    on the complex-number plane.

     Without calculation, we can anticipate a


    magnitude >7, and a phase in the 3rd quadrant.
    79
    Example 9.15 (1)

     Q: Use a phasor diagram to find the value of R


    that will cause iR to lag the source current is by
    45° when ω = 5 krad/s.

    j1 -j0.25

    Vm Vm Vm
    IL = = Vm ∠ − 90 , I C =

    = 4Vm ∠90 , I R =

    = Vm ∠0.
    j1 − j0.25 R
    80
    Example 9.15 (2)

     By KCL, Is = IL + IC + IR. Addition of the 3 current


    phasors can be visualized by vector summation
    on a phase diagram:

    To make ∠Is = 45°,


    j3Vm IR = 3Vm,
    ⇒ R = 1/3 Ω.

    81
    Key points

     What is the phase of a sinusoidal function?


     What is the phasor of a sinusoidal function?
     What is the phase of an impedance? What are
    in-phase and quadrature?
     How to solve the sinusoidal steady-state
    response by using phasor and impedance?

    82

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