Hiu 12012024

GAP FILLING
A pharmacist as a healthcare professional (1) specializes in the

preparation, dispensing, and management of medications and provides
pharmaceutical advice and guidance. Pharmacists often serve (2)
primary care providers in the community and may offer other services listed as
health screenings and immunizations. Pharmacists undergo (3) or graduate-
level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs,
drug uses, therapeutic roles, side (4) , potential drug interactions, and
monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology,
and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized
knowledge to patients, physicians, and (5) health care providers. The (6)
common pharmacist positions are that of a community pharmacist or
a hospital pharmacist, (7) they instruct and counsel on the proper use and
adverse effects of medically prescribed drugs and medicines. (8) most
countries, the profession is subject to professional regulation. Depending (9)
the legal scope of practice, pharmacists may practice in a (10) of
other settings, including industry, wholesaling, research, academia, formulary
management, military, and government.
QUESTIONS
1. A. who B. whom C. which D. why
2. A. to B. as C. like D. alike
3. A. highschool B. college C. university D. graduate
4. A. affect B. effect C. effective D. affecting
5. A. one B. another C. other D. others
6. A. many B. much C. more D. most
7. A. that B. which C. where D. when

8. A. In B. On C. At D. To
9. A. In B. On C. At D. To
10. A. vary B. various C. variety D. varied
TRUE – FALSE – NOT GIVEN
Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection,
assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other
medicine-related problem. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) coordinates
the European Union (EU) pharmacovigilance system and operates services and
processes to support pharmacovigilance in the EU. Before a medicine is authorised
for use, evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited to the results from clinical
trials, where patients are selected carefully and followed up very closely under
controlled conditions. This means that at the time of a medicine’s authorisation, it
has been tested in a relatively small number of selected patients for a limited length
of time.
After authorisation, the medicine may be used in a large number of patients,

for a long period of time and with other medicines. Certain side effects may
emerge in such circumstances. It is, therefore, essential that the safety of all
medicines is monitored throughout their use in healthcare practice. EU law,
therefore, requires each marketing authorisation holder, national competent
authority and EMA to operate a pharmacovigilance system.
QUESTIONS
1. Pharmacovigilance is the science relating to the detection, assessment,

understanding and prevention of any other medicine-related problem.
A. TRUE B. FALSE C. NOT GIVEN
2. There is one connection between EMA and EU in terms of services and
processes to support pharmacovigilance in the world.
3. Clinical trials means the place where patients are selected carefully and
followed up very closely under controlled conditions.
4. Evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited to the results from clinical trials
after a medicine is authorised for use.
5. After authorisation, the medicine may be used in a limited small number of
patients for a long period of time and with other medicines.
6. Any side effects is definitely to emerge in such circumstances.
7. It is, therefore, crucial that the safety of all medicines is monitored
throughout their use in healthcare practice.
8. EU law requires each marketing authorisation holder and national competent
authority.
9. Vietnam has opened one legislation procedure regarding Pharmacovigilance.
10.Authorization is different in various nations.
PARAGRAPH 3: Prescription Drug Abuse
The nonmedical use and abuse of prescription drugs is a serious public health
problem in this country. Although most people take prescription medications responsibly,
an estimated 52 million people have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons at
least once in their lifetimes. Young people are strongly represented in this group. In fact,
the National Institute on Drug Abuse's (NIDA) Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey
found that about 1 in 12 high school seniors reported past-year nonmedical use of the
prescription pain reliever Vicodin in 2010, and 1 in 20 reported abusing OxyContin—
making these medications among the most commonly abused drugs by adolescents.
The abuse of certain prescription drugs - opioids, central nervous system (CNS)
depressants, and stimulants - can lead to a variety of adverse health effects, including
addiction. The number of prescriptions for some of these medications has increased
dramatically since the early 1990s. Moreover, a consumer culture amenable to "taking a
pill for what ails you" and the perception of prescription drugs as less harmful than illicit
drugs are other likely contributors to the problem. It is an urgent one: unintentional
overdose deaths involving opioid pain relievers have quadrupled since 1999, and by
2007, outnumbered those involving heroin and cocaine.
NIDA hopes to change this situation by increasing awareness and promoting
additional research on prescription drug abuse. Prescription drug abuse is not a new
problem, but one that deserves renewed attention. It is imperative that as a nation we
make ourselves aware of the consequences associated with abuse of these medications.
1. What type of medicines mentioned in the text is abused?
A. OTC medicines B. POM C. BTC medicines D. All are correct.
2. Who are more likely to abuse prescription drugs?
A. Everyone B. The adults C. The elderly D. Teenagers
3. How many abused prescription drugs are listed in the text?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
4. What is the classification of heroin and cocaine?
A. Medicinal medicines B. Recreational drugs
C. Prescription drugs D. BTC medicines
5. Which drugs are the most commonly abused by adolescents?
A. Cocaine B. Heroin C. Opioids D. Pain relievers
6. What is the consequence of drug abuse?
A. Addiction B. Death C. Dependence D. All are correct.
7. Why are prescription drugs more abused than illicit ones?
A. Because they are consumed to be safer B. Because they cost less
C. Because they are thought to be more harmful
D. Because they are believed to be more effective
8. What does the word “quadrupled” mean?
A. Increase B. Develop C. Four times biggerD. Five times bigger
9. Why does the problem of prescription drug abuse become urgent?
A. Because it needs the global attention
B. Because it causes bad consequences
C. Because it is not a new problem
D. Because death involving with prescription drug abuse has sharply increased
10. How can NIDA help to change the situation of prescription drug abuse?
A. By increasing the public awareness of prescription abuse
B. By doing more researches on prescription abuse
C. A & B are not correct D. A & B are correct
PARAGRAPH 4: Drug Forms

Different pharmaceutical dosage forms are created to help patients take their
medication in the most effective way possible. Depending on the patient’s needs, their
doctor will prescribe a specific dosage form of medication. It is estimated that there are
over 10,000 different types of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The most common dosage
forms include tablets, capsules, liquids, powders, and gels. Each form has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Tablets are the most common type of pharmaceutical
dosage form. They are easy to take and can be taken with or without food. Tablets can be
crushed or dissolved in water for patients who have difficulty swallowing them whole.
Capsules are another common type of dosage form. They are typically made of two
halves that fit together and contain a powder or liquid medication. Capsules can be taken
with or without food and are usually swallowed whole. Liquids are often used for
children or adults who have trouble swallowing pills. They can be taken with or without
food and come in various flavors to make them more palatable. Powders can be mixed
with water or other liquids to create a drinkable solution. They are typically used for
patients who cannot swallow pills or capsules. Gels are thick, sticky solutions that come
in tubes or packets. They can be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes and
are typically used for local treatments listed as mouth sores or vaginal infections.
1. What is the most common type of pharmaceutical dosage form?
2. How can tablets be taken for patients who have difficulty swallowing them whole?
3. When are liquids often used?
4. How many drug forms are mentioned in the text?
5. Why is the pharmaceutical dosage form needed?

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GAP FILLING

A pharmacist as a healthcare professional (1) specializes in the

1. A. who B. whom C. which D. why

3. A. highschool B. college C. university D. graduate

4. A. affect B. effect C. effective D. affecting

5. A. one B. another C. other D. others

6. A. many B. much C. more D. most

7. A. that B. which C. where D. when

After authorisation, the medicine may be used in a large number of patients,

1. Pharmacovigilance is the science relating to the detection, assessment,

PARAGRAPH 4: Drug Forms

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