Table Of Contents

New Spec
Paper 2 (AS) ........................................... Page 1
Paper 3 (A2) ........................................... Page 20
Old Spec
Statistics 1 ............................................... Page 46
Statistics 2 .............................................. Page 106
1. Manon has two biased spinners, one red and one green.
The random variable R represents the score when the red spinner is spun.
The random variable G represents the score when the green spinner is spun.
The probability distributions for R and G are given below.

r 2 3 g 1 4

1 3 2 1
P(R = r) P(G = g)
4 4 3 3

Manon spins each spinner once and adds the two scores.
(a) Find the probability that
(i) the sum of the two scores is 7
(ii) the sum of the two scores is less than 4
(3)
The random variable X = mR + nG where m and n are integers.

1 1
P(X = 20) = and P(X = 50) =
6 4
(b) Find the value of m and the value of n
(5)
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Question 1 continued
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(Total for Question 1 is 8 marks)

3
 A B
0.1 C
0.2 0.2
0.2

The Venn diagram, where p is a probability, shows the 3 events A, B and C with their
associated probabilities.
(a) Find the value of p.
(1)
(b) Write down a pair of mutually exclusive events from A, B and C.
(1)
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Question 2 continued
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(Total for Question 2 is 2 marks)

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3. Two bags, A and B, each contain balls which are either red or yellow or green.
Bag A contains 4 red, 3 yellow and n green balls.
Bag B contains 5 red, 3 yellow and 1 green ball.
A ball is selected at random from bag A and placed into bag B.
A ball is then selected at random from bag B and placed into bag A.
The probability that bag A now contains an equal number of red, yellow and green balls
is p.
Given that p > 0, find the possible values of n and p.
(5)
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Question 3 continued
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Question 3 continued
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(Total for Question 3 is 5 marks)

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4. In a game, a player can score 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 points each time the game is played.
The random variable S, representing the player’s score, has the following
probability distribution where a, b and c are constants.

s 0 1 2 3 4
P(S = s) a b c 0.1 0.15

The probability of scoring less than 2 points is twice the probability of scoring at
least 2 points.
Each game played is independent of previous games played.
John plays the game twice and adds the two scores together to get a total.
Calculate the probability that the total is 6 points.
(6)
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Question 4 continued
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(Total for Question 4 is 6 marks)

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5. The Venn diagram shows three events, A, B and C, and their associated probabilities.

A B
0.10 0.30
y

0
z x

0.39

0.06
C

Events B and C are mutually exclusive.

Events A and C are independent.
Showing your working, find the value of x, the value of y and the value of z.
(5)
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Question 5 continued
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(Total for Question 5 is 5 marks)

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6. A factory buys 10% of its components from supplier A, 30% from supplier B and the rest
from supplier C. It is known that 6% of the components it buys are faulty.
Of the components bought from supplier A, 9% are faulty and of the components bought
from supplier B, 3% are faulty.
(a) Find the percentage of components bought from supplier C that are faulty.
(3)
A component is selected at random.
(b) Explain why the event “the component was bought from supplier B ” is not
statistically independent from the event “the component is faulty”.
(1)
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(Total for Question 6 is 4 marks)

14
 7. Alyona, Dawn and Sergei are sometimes late for school.

The events A, D and S are as follows:

A Alyona is late for school
D Dawn is late for school
S Sergei is late for school

The Venn diagram below shows the three events A, D and S and the probabilities associated
with each region of D. The constants p, q and r each represent probabilities associated with the
three separate regions outside D.

D
A S

0.1
0.1 0.05
p q

(a) Write down 2 of the events A, D and S that are mutually exclusive. Give a reason for your
answer.
(1)

The probability that Sergei is late for school is 0.2. The events A and D are independent.

(b) Find the value of r.

(4)

Dawn and Sergei’s teacher believes that when Sergei is late for school, Dawn tends to be late
for school.

(c) State whether or not D and S are independent, giving a reason for your answer.
(1)

(d) Comment on the teacher’s belief in the light of your answer to part (c).
(1)

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(Total for Question 7 is 7 marks)

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8. The Venn diagram shows the probabilities for students at a college taking part in various sports.
A represents the event that a student takes part in Athletics.
T represents the event that a student takes part in Tennis.
C represents the event that a student takes part in Cricket.
p and q are probabilities.

A T

q p 0.40

0.05 p

The probability that a student selected at random takes part in Athletics or Tennis is 0.75
(a) Find the value of p.
(1)
(b) State, giving a reason, whether or not the events A and T are statistically independent.
Show your working clearly.
(3)
(c) Find the probability that a student selected at random does not take part in Athletics
or Cricket.
(1)
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Question 8 continued
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(Total for Question 8 is 5 marks)

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9. A company has 1825 employees.
The employees are classified as professional, skilled or elementary.
The following table shows
• the number of employees in each classification
• the two areas, A or B, where the employees live

A B

Professional 740 380

Skilled 275 90

Elementary 260 80

An employee is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this employee
(a) is skilled,
(1)
(b) lives in area B and is not a professional.
(1)
Some classifications of employees are more likely to work from home.
• 65% of professional employees in both area A and area B work from home
• 40% of skilled employees in both area A and area B work from home
• 5% of elementary employees in both area A and area B work from home
• Event F is that the employee is a professional
• Event H is that the employee works from home
• Event R is that the employee is from area A
(c) Using this information, complete the Venn diagram on the opposite page.
(4)
(d) Find P(R' ∩ F)
(1)
(e) Find P ([H ∪ R]' )
(1)
(f) Find P(F | H )
(2)
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Question 9 continued

H R

123 412

247

133

for a spare diagram if you need to redraw your Venn diagram.

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Question 9 continued

Only use this diagram if you need to redraw your Venn diagram.

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(Total for Question 9 is 10 marks)

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10. A large college produces three magazines.
One magazine is about green issues, one is about equality and one is about sports.
A student at the college is selected at random and the events G, E and S are defined as
follows
G is the event that the student reads the magazine about green issues
E is the event that the student reads the magazine about equality
S is the event that the student reads the magazine about sports
The Venn diagram, where p, q, r and t are probabilities, gives the probability for each
subset.

G E
0.08 0.05 0.09
p
q r

0.36 t
S

(a) Find the proportion of students in the college who read exactly one of these
magazines.
(1)
No students read all three magazines and P(G) = 0.25
(b) Find
(i) the value of p
(ii) the value of q
(3)
5
Given that P( S | E ) =
12
(c) find
(i) the value of r
(ii) the value of t
(4)
(d) Determine whether or not the events (S ∩ Eʹ) and G are independent.
Show your working clearly.
(3)
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Question 10 continued
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Question 10 continued
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Question 10 continued
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(Total for Question 10 is 11 marks)

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11. The Venn diagram shows the probabilities associated with four events, A, B, C and D

B
A C
0.07
0.24 p
D
q r
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(a) Write down any pair of mutually exclusive events from A, B, C and D
(1)
Given that P(B) = 0.4
(b) find the value of p
(1)
Given also that A and B are independent
(c) find the value of q
(2)

Given further that P ( Bʹ | C ) = 0.64

(d) find
(i) the value of r
(ii) the value of s
(4)
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Question 11 continued
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(Total for Question 11 is 8 marks)

29
1 . The discrete random variable D has the following probability distribution

d 10 20 30 40 50
k k k k k
P (D = d )
10 20 30 40 50

where k is a constant.
600
(a) Show that the value of k is
137
(2)
The random variables D1 and D2 are independent and each have the same distribution as D.
(b) Find P (D1 + D2 = 80)
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(3)
A single observation of D is made.
The value obtained, d, is the common difference of an arithmetic sequence.
The first 4 terms of this arithmetic sequence are the angles, measured in degrees,
of quadrilateral Q
(c) Find the exact probability that the smallest angle of Q is more than 50°
(5)
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Question 12 continued
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(Total for Question 12 is 10 marks)

33
13.

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(Total for Question 13 is 8 marks)

37
14.

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(Total for Question 14 is 1 mark)

38
15. Helen believes that the random variable C, representing cloud cover from the large data
set, can be modelled by a discrete uniform distribution.
(a) Write down the probability distribution for C.
(2)
(b) Using this model, find the probability that cloud cover is less than 50%
(1)
Helen used all the data from the large data set for Hurn in 2015 and found that the
proportion of days with cloud cover of less than 50% was 0.315
(c) Comment on the suitability of Helen’s model in the light of this information.
(1)
(d) Suggest an appropriate refinement to Helen’s model.
(1)
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(Total for Question 15 is 5 marks)

40
16. The Venn diagram shows the probabilities of students’ lunch boxes containing a drink,
sandwiches and a chocolate bar.

D
0
w
S 0.33
0.27
v C
u

D is the event that a lunch box contains a drink,

S is the event that a lunch box contains sandwiches,
C is the event that a lunch box contains a chocolate bar,
u, v and w are probabilities.

(a) Write down P( S  D) .

(1)

One day, 80 students each bring in a lunch box.

Given that all 80 lunch boxes contain sandwiches and a drink,

(b) estimate how many of these 80 lunch boxes will contain a chocolate bar.
(3)
14
Given that the events S and C are independent and that P( D | C) = ,
15

(c) calculate the value of u, the value of v and the value of w. (7)

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(Total for Question 16 is 11 marks)

42
17. A meteorologist believes that there is a relationship between the daily mean windspeed, w kn,
and the daily mean temperature, t °C. A random sample of 9 consecutive days is taken from
past records from a town in the UK in July and the relevant data is given in the table below.

t 13.3 16.2 15.7 16.6 16.3 16.4 19.3 17.1 13.2

w 7 11 8 11 13 8 15 10 11

The meteorologist calculated the product moment correlation coefficient for the 9 days
and obtained r = 0.609

Explain why a linear regression model based on these data is unreliable on a day
when the mean temperature is 24 °C
(1)

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43
18. Given that
P(A) = 0.35 P(B) = 0.45 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.13
find
(a) P(A′ ½ B′)
(2)
(b) Explain why the events A and B are not independent.
(1)
The event C has P(C) = 0.20
The events A and C are mutually exclusive and the events B and C are statistically independent.
(c) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the events A, B and C, giving the probabilities for
each region.
(5)
(d) Find P( [B ∪ C ]′)
(2)
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45
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19. A bag contains 64 coloured beads. There are r red beads, y yellow beads and 1 green bead
and r + y + 1 = 64

Two beads are selected at random, one at a time without replacement.

(a) Find the probability that the green bead is one of the beads selected.
(4)
5
The probability that both of the beads are red is
84

(b) Show that r satisfies the equation r2 – r – 240 = 0

(3)

(c) Hence show that the only possible value of r is 16

(2)

(d) Given that at least one of the beads is red, find the probability that they are both red.
(4)
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20. The Venn diagram shows three events A, B and C, where p, q, r, s and t are probabilities.

B
C
t
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A
r
0.08

P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.6 and P(C) = 0.25 and the events B and C are independent.

(a) Find the value of p and the value of q.

(2)

(b) Find the value of r.

(2)

(c) Hence write down the value of s and the value of t.

(2)

(d) State, giving a reason, whether or not the events A and B are independent.
(2)

(e) Find P(B | A ‰ C).

(3)
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21. The Venn diagram shows the probabilities of customer bookings at Harry’s hotel.

R is the event that a customer books a room

B is the event that a customer books breakfast

D is the event that a customer books dinner

u and t are probabilities.

0
R
u
B
0.33
0.27

0.15
t
D

(a) Write down the probability that a customer books breakfast but does not book a room.
(1)

Given that the events B and D are independent

(b) find the value of t

(4)

(c) hence find the value of u

(2)

(d) Find

(i) P(Dµ R ∩ B)

(ii) P(Dµ R ∩ Ba)

(4)

A coach load of 77 customers arrive at Harry’s hotel.

Of these 77 customers

40 have booked a room and breakfast

37 have booked a room without breakfast

(e) Estimate how many of these 77 customers will book dinner.

(2)

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22. A college has 80 students in Year 12.

20 students study Biology

28 students study Chemistry
30 students study Physics
7 students study both Biology and Chemistry
11 students study both Chemistry and Physics
5 students study both Physics and Biology
3 students study all 3 of these subjects

(a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.

(5)

A Year 12 student at the college is selected at random.

(b) Find the probability that the student studies Chemistry but not Biology or Physics.
(1)

(c) Find the probability that the student studies Chemistry or Physics or both.
(2)

Given that the student studies Chemistry or Physics or both,

(d) find the probability that the student does not study Biology.
(2)

(e) Determine whether studying Biology and studying Chemistry are statistically
independent.
(3)
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23. In a quiz, a team gains 10 points for every question it answers correctly and loses 5 points
for every question it does not answer correctly. The probability of answering a question
correctly is 0.6 for each question. One round of the quiz consists of 3 questions.

The discrete random variable X represents the total number of points scored in one round.
The table shows the incomplete probability distribution of X

x 30 15 0 –15
P(X = x) 0.216 0.064

(a) Show that the probability of scoring 15 points in a round is 0.432

(2)

(b) Find the probability of scoring 0 points in a round.

(1)

(c) Find the probability of scoring a total of 30 points in 2 rounds.

(3)

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24. In a factory, three machines, J, K and L, are used to make biscuits.

Machine J makes 25% of the biscuits.

Machine K makes 45% of the biscuits.

The rest of the biscuits are made by machine L.

It is known that 2% of the biscuits made by machine J are broken, 3% of the biscuits made
by machine K are broken and 5% of the biscuits made by machine L are broken.

(a) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible outcomes and associated probabilities.
(2)

A biscuit is selected at random.

(b) Calculate the probability that the biscuit is made by machine J and is not broken.
(2)

(c) Calculate the probability that the biscuit is broken.

(2)

(d) Given that the biscuit is broken, find the probability that it was not made by machine K.
(3)
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(Total 9 marks)

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25. For the events A and B,

P(Ac ˆ B) = 0.22 and P(Ac ˆ Bc) = 0.18

(a) Find P(A).

(1)

(b) Find P(A ‰ B).

(1)

Given that P(A | B) = 0.6

(c) find P(A ˆ B).

(3)

(d) Determine whether or not A and B are independent.

(2)
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Question 25 continued
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(Total 7 marks)

63
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26. The discrete random variable X has probability distribution

1
P(X = x) = x = 1, 2, 3, … 10
10

(a) Write down the name given to this distribution.

(1)

(b) Write down the value of

(i) P(X = 10)

(ii) P(X  10)

(2)

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(Total 3 marks)

64
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27. A and B are two events such that

1 2 13
P(B) = P(A | B) = P(A ‰B) =
2 5 20

(a) Find P(A ˆB).

(2)

(b) Draw a Venn diagram to show the events A, B and all the associated probabilities.
(3)

Find

(c) P(A)
(1)

(d) P(B | A)
(2)

(e) P(AƍˆB)
(1)
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Question 27 continued

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(Total 9 marks)

66
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28. In a large company,

78% of employees are car owners,

30% of these car owners are also bike owners,
85% of those who are not car owners are bike owners.

(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this information.

(3)

An employee is selected at random.

(b) Find the probability that the employee is a car owner or a bike owner but not both.
(2)

Another employee is selected at random.

Given that this employee is a bike owner,

(c) find the probability that the employee is a car owner.

(3)

Two employees are selected at random.

(d) Find the probability that only one of them is a bike owner.
(3)

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(Total 11 marks)

68
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29. In a company the 200 employees are classified as full-time workers, part-time workers or
contractors.
The table below shows the number of employees in each category and whether they walk
to work or use some form of transport.

Walk Transport
Full-time worker 2 8
Part-time worker 35 75
Contractor 30 50

The events F, H and C are that an employee is a full-time worker, part-time worker or
contractor respectively. Let W be the event that an employee walks to work.

An employee is selected at random.

Find

(a) P(H)
(2)

(b) P([F ˆ W]c)

(2)

(c) P(W _ C)
(2)

Let B be the event that an employee uses the bus.

Given that 10% of full-time workers use the bus, 30% of part-time workers use the bus
and 20% of contractors use the bus,

(d) draw a Venn diagram to represent the events F, H, C and B,

(4)

(e) find the probability that a randomly selected employee uses the bus to travel to work.
(2)
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30. A biased die with six faces is rolled. The discrete random variable X represents the score
on the uppermost face. The probability distribution of X is shown in the table below.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X = x) a a a b b 0.3

(a) Given that E(X) = 4.2 find the value of a and the value of b.
(5)

A biased die with five faces is rolled. The discrete random variable Y represents the score
which is uppermost. The cumulative distribution function of Y is shown in the table
below.

y 1 2 3 4 5
1 2
F(y) 3k 4k 5k
10 10

(b) Find the value of k.

(1)

(c) Find the probability distribution of Y.

(3)

Each die is rolled once. The scores on the two dice are independent.

(d) Find the probability that the sum of the two scores equals 2
(2)
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(Total 11 marks)

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31.
B
A C
0.1
0.1 0.2
p q

Figure 1

The Venn diagram in Figure 1 shows three events A, B and C and the probabilities
associated with each region of B. The constants p, q and r each represent probabilities
associated with the three separate regions outside B.

The events A and B are independent.

(a) Find the value of p.

(3)
5
Given that P( B C ) =
11
(b) find the value of q and the value of r.
(4)

(c) Find P( A ∪ C B).

(2)
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Question 31 continued
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32. A fair blue die has faces numbered 1, 1, 3, 3, 5 and 5. The random variable B represents
the score when the blue die is rolled.

(a) Write down the probability distribution for B.

(2)

(b) State the name of this probability distribution.

(1)

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33. Given that
P(A) = 0.35 , P(B) = 0.45 and P(A ˆB  
find

(a) P(A ‰ B)
(2)

(b) P()
(2)

The event C has P(C) = 0.20

The events A and C are mutually exclusive and the events B and C are independent.

(c) Find P(B ˆC

(2)

(d) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the events A, B and C and the probabilities for each
region.
(4)

(e) Find P([B ‰ C] )

(2)
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Question 33 continued
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34. (a) State in words the relationship between two events R and S when P( R ∩ S ) = 0
(1)
1 2
The events A and B are independent with P(A) = and P( A ∪ B ) =
4 3
Find

(b) P(B)
(4)

(c) P($ƍ ∩ B)
(2)

(d) P(%ƍ| A)
(2)
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35. The following shows the results of a survey on the types of exercise taken by a group of
100 people.

65 run
48 swim
60 cycle
40 run and swim
30 swim and cycle
35 run and cycle
25 do all three

(a) Draw a Venn Diagram to represent these data.

(4)

Find the probability that a randomly selected person from the survey

(b) takes none of these types of exercise,

(2)

(c) swims but does not run,

(2)

(d) takes at least two of these types of exercise.

(2)

Jason is one of the above group.

Given that Jason runs,

(e) find the probability that he swims but does not cycle.
(3)
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36. Jake and Kamil are sometimes late for school.
The events J and K are defined as follows

J = the event that Jake is late for school

K = the event that Kamil is late for school

P( J ) = 0.25, P( J ∩ K ) = 0.15 and P( J ′ ∩ K ′) = 0.7

On a randomly selected day, find the probability that

(a) at least one of Jake or Kamil are late for school,

(1)

(b) Kamil is late for school.

(2)

Given that Jake is late for school,

(c) find the probability that Kamil is late.

(3)

The teacher suspects that Jake being late for school and Kamil being late for school are
linked in some way.

(d) Determine whether or not J and K are statistically independent.

(2)

(e) Comment on the teacher’s suspicion in the light of your calculation in (d).
(1)
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37. The bag P contains 6 balls of which 3 are red and 3 are yellow.
The bag Q contains 7 balls of which 4 are red and 3 are yellow.
A ball is drawn at random from bag P and placed in bag Q. A second ball is drawn at
random from bag P and placed in bag Q.
A third ball is then drawn at random from the 9 balls in bag Q.

The event A occurs when the 2 balls drawn from bag P are of the same colour.
The event B occurs when the ball drawn from bag Q is red.

(a) Complete the tree diagram shown below.

(4)
.............. Red

Red
2
5 .............. Yellow
Red
3 5 Red
5 9
1 Yellow
2
.............. Yellow

5 Red
9
1
2 Red
..............
.............. Yellow
Yellow
.............. Red
.............. Yellow

.............. Yellow

(b) Find P(A)

(3)

(c) Show that P(B) = 5

9
(3)

(d) Show that P(A ∩ B) = 2

9
(2)

(e) Hence find P(A ∪ B)

(2)

(f) Given that all three balls drawn are the same colour, find the probability that they are
all red.
(3)

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Question 37 continued
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38. An experiment consists of selecting a ball from a bag and spinning a coin. The bag
contains 5 red balls and 7 blue balls. A ball is selected at random from the bag, its colour
is noted and then the ball is returned to the bag.
2
When a red ball is selected, a biased coin with probability of landing heads is spun.
3

When a blue ball is selected a fair coin is spun.

(a) Complete the tree diagram below to show the possible outcomes and associated
probabilities.

Ball Coin
.............. Heads

.............. Red

.............. Tails

.............. Heads

.............. Blue

.............. Tails
(2)

Shivani selects a ball and spins the appropriate coin.

(b) Find the probability that she obtains a head.

(2)

Given that Tom selected a ball at random and obtained a head when he spun the
appropriate coin,

(c) find the probability that Tom selected a red ball.

(3)

Shivani and Tom each repeat this experiment.

(d) Find the probability that the colour of the ball Shivani selects is the same as the colour
of the ball Tom selects.
(3)

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39. The Venn diagram in Figure 1 shows the number of students in a class who read any of 3
popular magazines A, B and C.

B
A
5
4 2
3
6
10 C

Figure 1

One of these students is selected at random.

1
(a) Show that the probability that the student reads more than one magazine is .
6
(2)

(b) Find the probability that the student reads A or B (or both).
(2)

(c) Write down the probability that the student reads both A and C.
(1)

Given that the student reads at least one of the magazines,

(d) find the probability that the student reads C.

(2)

(e) Determine whether or not reading magazine B and reading magazine C are statistically
independent.
(3)
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40. A jar contains 2 red, 1 blue and 1 green bead. Two beads are drawn at random from the
jar without replacement.

(a) In the space below, draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible outcomes and
associated probabilities. State your probabilities clearly.
(3)

(b) Find the probability that a blue bead and a green bead are drawn from the jar.
(2)

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41. There are 180 students at a college following a general course in computing. Students on
this course can choose to take up to three extra options.

112 take systems support,

70 take developing software,
81 take networking,
35 take developing software and systems support,
28 take networking and developing software,
40 take systems support and networking,
4 take all three extra options.

(a) In the space below, draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.
(5)

A student from the course is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student takes

(b) none of the three extra options,

(1)

(c) networking only.

(1)

Students who want to become technicians take systems support and networking. Given
that a randomly chosen student wants to become a technician,

(d) find the probability that this student takes all three extra options.
(2)

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42. On a randomly chosen day the probability that Bill travels to school by car, by bicycle
1 1 1
or on foot is , and respectively. The probability of being late when using these
2 6 3
1 2 1
methods of travel is , and respectively.
5 5 10
(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this information.
(3)

(b) Find the probability that on a randomly chosen day

(i) Bill travels by foot and is late,

(ii) Bill is not late.

(4)

(c) Given that Bill is late, find the probability that he did not travel on foot.
(4)
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(Total 11 marks)

93
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43. (a) Given that P(A) = a and P(B) = b express P(A ∪ B) in terms of a and b when

(i) A and B are mutually exclusive,

(ii) A and B are independent.
(2)

Two events R and Q are such that

P(R ∩ Q  ) = 0.15, P(Q) = 0.35 and P(R|Q) = 0.1

Find the value of

(b) P(R ∪ Q),

(1)

(c) P(R ∩ Q),

(2)

(d) P(R).
(2)
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(Total 7 marks)

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2
44. A group of office workers were questioned for a health magazine and were found to
5
2
take regular exercise. When questioned about their eating habits said they always eat
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breakfast and, of those who always eat breakfast also took regular exercise.
25
Find the probability that a randomly selected member of the group

(a) always eats breakfast and takes regular exercise,

(2)

(b) does not always eat breakfast and does not take regular exercise.
(4)

(c) Determine, giving your reason, whether or not always eating breakfast and taking
regular exercise are statistically independent.
(2)

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(Total 8 marks)

97
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45. A disease is known to be present in 2% of a population. A test is developed to help
determine whether or not someone has the disease.

Given that a person has the disease, the test is positive with probability 0.95

Given that a person does not have the disease, the test is positive with probability 0.03

(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this information.

(3)

A person is selected at random from the population and tested for this disease.

(b) Find the probability that the test is positive.

(3)

A doctor randomly selects a person from the population and tests him for the disease.
Given that the test is positive,

(c) find the probability that he does not have the disease.
(2)

(d) Comment on the usefulness of this test.

(1)

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(Total 9 marks)

99
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46. A person’s blood group is determined by whether or not it contains any of 3 substances
A, B and C.

A doctor surveyed 300 patients’ blood and produced the table below.

Blood contains No. of Patients

only C 100
A and C but not B 100
only A 30
B and C but not A 25
only B 12
A, B and C 10
A and B but not C 3

(a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.

(4)

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(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen patient’s blood contains substance C.
(2)

Harry is one of the patients. Given that his blood contains substance A,

(c) find the probability that his blood contains all 3 substances.
(2)

Patients whose blood contains none of these substances are called universal blood
donors.

(d) Find the probability that a randomly chosen patient is a universal blood donor.
(2)
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(Total 10 marks)

101
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47. The following shows the results of a wine tasting survey of 100 people.

96 like wine A,
93 like wine B,
96 like wine C,
92 like A and B,
91 like B and C,
93 like A and C,
90 like all three wines.

(a) Draw a Venn Diagram to represent these data.

(6)

Find the probability that a randomly selected person from the survey likes

(b) none of the three wines,

(1)

(c) wine A but not wine B,

(2)

(d) any wine in the survey except wine C,

(2)

(e) exactly two of the three kinds of wine.

(2)

Given that a person from the survey likes wine A,

(f) find the probability that the person likes wine C.

(3)
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(Total 16 marks)

103
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48. Tetrahedral dice have four faces. Two fair tetrahedral dice, one red and one blue, have
faces numbered 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The dice are rolled and the numbers face down
on the two dice are recorded. The random variable R is the score on the red die and the
random variable B is the score on the blue die.

(a) Find P(R=3 and B=0).

(2)

The random variable T is R multiplied by B.

(b) Complete the diagram below to represent the sample space that shows all the possible
values of T.

2 2

1 0

R 0 1 2 3

Sample space diagram of T

(3)

(c) The table below represents the probability distribution of the random variable T.

t 0 1 2 3 4 6 9
P(T=t) a b 1/8 1/8 c 1/8 d

Find the values of a, b, c and d.

(3)

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(Total 8 marks)

105
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49. A bag contains a large number of counters with one of the numbers 4, 6 or 8 written on
each of them in the ratio 5:3 :2 respectively.

A random sample of 2 counters is taken from the bag.

(a) List all the possible samples of size 2 that can be taken.
(2)

The random variable M represents the mean value of the 2 counters.

1 1
Given that P(M = 4) = and P(M = 8) =
4 25

(b) find the sampling distribution for M.

(5)

A sample of n sets of 2 counters is taken. The random variable Y represents the number
of these n sets that have a mean of 8

(c) Calculate the minimum value of n such that P(Y . 1)  0.9

(3)
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(Total 10 marks)

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50. A bag contains a large number of 10p, 20p and 50p coins in the ratio 1 : 2 : 2

A random sample of 3 coins is taken from the bag.

Find the sampling distribution of the median of these samples.

(7)
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(Total 7 marks)

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51. A bag contains a large number of 1p, 2p and 5p coins.

50% are 1p coins

20% are 2p coins
30% are 5p coins

A random sample of 3 coins is chosen from the bag.

(a) List all the possible samples of size 3 with median 5p.
(2)

(b) Find the probability that the median value of the sample is 5p.
(4)

(c) Find the sampling distribution of the median of samples of size 3

(5)
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(Total 11 marks)

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52. A bag contains a large number of counters. A third of the counters have a number 5 on
them and the remainder have a number 1.

A random sample of 3 counters is selected.

(a) List all possible samples.

(2)

(b) Find the sampling distribution for the range.

(3)
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(Total 5 marks)

118
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