Module 2 Meiosis and Mitosis
Module 2 Meiosis and Mitosis
MELC
Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their
role in the cell-division cycle.
GENETICS
Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884) is widely considered as the
father of experimental genetics for his
pioneer work in the field of genetics. He
experimented on pea plants (Pisum
Sativum) and discovered the basic rules
of inheritance of genes.
Mitosis
Meiosis
All living things contain what we
call the genetic material that
serves as the set of instructions
that direct the activities and
functions of the cells.
What is DNA?
These genetic materials, also
known as the
deoxyribonucleic acid
or DNA, are passed on from
one generation to the next to
ensure the continuity of life.
In eukaryotic cells (cells with
organelles), the DNA are
bound with proteins and are
organized as beads on
strings to form chromosomes
Chromosome
numbers of
selected
organisms
32 chromosomes
8 chromosomes
52 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
10 chromosomes
24 chromosomes
20 chromosomes
Two types of cell division:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Mitosis
- Is the process in which a cell
nucleus divides into two new
nuclei, each of which contains
the same number of
chromosome as the parent cell.
The parent cell is the cell that
undergoes division. This process
occurs on the body (somatic)
cells.
Meiosis
- Is a process where a single
cell divides twice to produce
four cells containing half the
original amount of genetic
information. Theses cells are
our sex cells – sperm in
males, eggs in females.
What are the 4
stages of
Mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
This type of cell
division produces two
identical cells with the
same number of
chromosomes.
MITOSIS
CHROMOSOME
- a threadlike structure of nucleic
acids and protein found in
the nucleus of most living cells,
carrying genetic information in the
form of genes.
1 1
1 2
2 4
46 23
Somatic cells Reproductive cell
Role of Meiosis in
Gametogenesis
Edwards
syndrome
Or Trisomy 18
Turner syndrome, a condition that
affects only females, results when
one of the X chromosomes (sex
chromosomes) is missing or
partially missing. Turner syndrome
can cause a variety of medical and
developmental problems, including
short height, failure of the ovaries
to develop and heart defects.
Turner
syndrome
Patau's syndrome is a serious
rare genetic disorder caused by
having an additional copy of
chromosome 13 in some or all of
the body's cells. It's also called
trisomy 13. Each cell
normally contains 23 pairs of
chromosomes, which carry the
genes you inherit from your
parents.
Patau's
syndrome
Sometimes, a piece of chromosome breaks
off and gets lost. The effects of this
accident depend on the particular genetic
material lost. For example, when a part of
chromosome 5 is lost, the afflicted
individual will have a face that is round,
moonlike, cries feebly and is mentally and
physically retarded. This condition is called