Professional Documents
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Seminar Report
Seminar Report
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL
For the Academic year 2022-2023
Report Submitted by
CERTIFICATE
i
DECLARATION
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A technical seminar is incomplete if it fails to thank all those instrumental in the successful
completion of the report.
It’s a great privilege to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to the Management and
Prof. Rakesh S.G., Principal, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, who patronized
throughout our career & for the facilities provided to carry out this work successfully.
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Ravi Kumar, Professor and Head,
Dept. of Civil Engineering, SIR MVIT, for her constant support and
encouragement.
I would like to thank our project guide Mr.K.V.R Prasad, Associate Professor, Dept. of
Civil Engineering, SIR MVIT, for his valuable guidance and support in the completion
of this seminar.
I thank the teaching and non-teaching staff members who have helped me directly or
indirectly during the Internship.
Finally, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who rendered me active support
for the completion of this seminar report. I acknowledge them with a lot of gratitude and
regard and without all of the above this report may not be easily possible.
CHETHAN KUMAR D N
(1MV19CV005)
iii
ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC Page
No.
CERTIFICATE i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
PLASTIC ROADS 13
REFERENCES 17
v
vi
Utilization Of Plastic Waste in Road Construction
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight, solid in
its finished state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished articles,
can be shaped by its flow, is called as ‘Plastic’. Plastics are durable and degrade very
slowly; the chemical bonds that make plastic so durable make it equally resistant to natural
processes of degradation. Plastics can be divided into two major categories; thermoplastics
and thermosetting plastics. A thermoset solidifies or sets irreversibly when heated. They
are useful for their durability and strength, and are therefore used primarily in automobiles
and construction applications. These plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide,
polyoxymethylene and polytetrafluorethylene. A thermoplastic softens when exposed to
heat and returns to original condition at room temperature. Thermoplastics can easily be
shaped and moulded into products such as milk jugs, floor coverings, credit cards, and
carpet fibres. These plastic types are known as phenolic, melamine, unsaturated polyester,
epoxy resin, silicone and polyurethane. According to recent studies, plastics can stay
unchanged for as long as 4500 years on earth with increase in the global population and the
rising demand for food and other essentials, there has been a rise in the amount of waste
being generated daily by each household. Plastic in different forms is found to be almost
5% in municipal solid waste, which is toxic in nature.
It is a common sight in both urban and rural areas to find empty plastic bags and other
type of plastic packing material littering the roads as well as drains. Due to its
biodegradability it creates stagnation of water and associated hygiene problems. In order to
contain this problem experiments have been carried out whether this plastic waste can be
reused productively. The experimentation at several institutes indicated that the waste
plastic, when added to hot aggregate will form a fine coat of plastic over the aggregate and
such aggregate, when mixed with the binder is found to give higher strength, higher
resistance to water and better performance over a period of time. Waste plastic such as
carry bags, disposable cups and laminated pouches like chips, pan masala, aluminium foil
and packaging material used for biscuits, chocolates, milk and grocery items can be used
for surfacing roads. Use of plastic along with the bitumen in construction of roads not only
increases its life and smoothness but also makes it economically sound and environmental
friendly.
Plastic roads are found to perform better compared to those constructed with conventional
bitumen. Further it has been found that such roads were not subjected to stripping when
come in contact with water. Use of higher percentage of plastic waste reduces the need of
bitumen by 10%. It also increases the strength and performance of the road. Plastic
increases the melting point of bitumen and hence missing can be done in more better and
easier way. Inclusion of plastic waste in road construction eliminates the plastic shrinkage
cracking of road surface and reduces the drying shrinkage to some extent.
CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE PLASTIC
What is plastic?
A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight, solid in its
finished state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished articles, can
be shaped by its flow.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Mineral water bottles, credit cards, toys, pipes,
electrical fittings, furniture, folders and pens
2015 1591
2016 1700
2017 1799
2018 1719
2019 1589
2020 1672
2021 1520
2022 1490
CHAPTER 3
LITRATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 4
NEED TO STUDY
CHAPTER 5
MATERIALS USED
1. AGGREGATE
The aggregates are bound together either by bituminous materials or by cement. In a few
cases, the rock dust itself when mixed with water forms slurry which acts as binding
medium. The aggregates may be classified into natural and artificial aggregates. The
natural aggregates are again classified as coarse aggregates consisting of crushed rock
aggregates or gravels and fine aggregates or sand. The blast furnace slag obtained as by-
product from blast furnaces is the one extensively used as road construction material.
Stone aggregates used for road work should be hard, tough, durable and hydrophobic for
bituminous surface. Gravel should be well graded (6.4mm to 38mm) and should have
fineness modulus of not less than 5.75. sand should be sharp, well graded, clean of all silts,
clay and organic matter. The quantity of aggregates used in first coat of surface dressing
should be 0.15m^3 per 10m^2 area of 12mm nominal size. On the other hand, the quantity
of aggregate used in second coat of surface dressing should be 0.15m^3 per 10m^2 areas
and of 10mm nominal size. All bituminous and concrete surfacing are principally
composed of aggregate, they play an important role in the behaviour of the pavement
surfacing. The aggregate to be used in road construction should be sufficiently strong to
withstand crushing and several stresses due to traffic wheel load. aggregates used in the
pavement are also subjected to impact due to moving wheel loads and hammering action
due to jumping of tires. Hence, toughness is another desirable property of road aggregate.
Fig 4. aggregate
2. BITUMEN
Bitumen is used as binders in pavements constructions. Bitumen may be derived from the
residue left by the refinery from naturally occurring asphalt. As per definition given by the
Fig 5: Bitumen
3. PLASTIC MATERIAL
Plastics are usually classified by their chemical structure of the polymer's backbone and
side chains. Some important groups in these classifications are the acrylics, polyesters,
silicones, polyurethanes, and halogenated plastics. Plastics can also be classified by the
chemical process used in their synthesis, such as condensation, polyaddition, and
crosslinking. There are two types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers.
Thermoplastics are the plastics that do not undergo chemical change in their composition
when heated and can be moulded again and again. Examples include polyethylene,
polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) In the
thermosetting process, a chemical reaction occurs that is irreversible. The vulcanization of
rubber is a thermosetting process. Before heating with sulphur, the polyisoprene is a tacky,
slightly runny material, but after vulcanization the product is rigid and non-tacky. The
properties of plastics are defined chiefly by the organic chemistry of the polymer. such as
hardness, density, and resistance to heat, organic solvents, oxidation, and ionizing
radiation.
Plastics are durable and degrade very slowly; the chemical bonds that make plastic so
durable make it equally resistant to natural processes of degradation. Since the 1950s, one
billion tons of plastic have been discarded and may persist for hundreds or even thousands
of years. Perhaps the biggest environmental threat from plastic comes from nurdles, which
are the raw material from which all plastics are made.
CHAPTER 6
1. SEGREGATION-
• Plastic waste collected from various sources must be separated from other waste.
• Maximum thickness of 60 microns.
2. CLEANING PROCESS-
• Plastic waste gets cleaned and dried.
• Removal of non-plastic things.
3. SHREDDING PROCESS-
• Different types of plastic wastes are mixed together, and plastics gets shredded or
cut into small piece.
• Plastics crushed into very fine parts which are easy to mix and use.
4. COLLECTION PROCESS-
• Then plastic waste retaining in 2.36mm is collected.
CHAPTER 7
ON SITE EXECUTION
WET PROCESS
• Blending of waste plastics by direct mixing of shredded plastics with hot bitumen at
160C.
• Mechanical stirrer is needed as the mixing is difficult because of difference in viscosities
of molten polymer and bitumen.
• Addition of stabilizers and proper cooling are required.
• Wet process requires a lot of investment and bigger plants.
• Not commonly used.
DRY PROCESS
• The process is developed by Dr. Vasudevan.
• The aggregate is heated to 170C in the mini hot mix plant.
• The aggregate transferred to puddling chamber.
• The shredded plastic waste is added in equal proportion.
Fig 11: Plastic coated aggregate. Fig 12: Laying of surface course.
CHAPTER 8
COMPARISION BETWEEN ORDINARY
BITUMINOUS ROADS AND PLASTIC BITUMINOUS
ROADS
7 STRIPPING MORE NO
CHAPTER 9
ADVANTAGES OF WASTE PLASTIC BITUMINOUS
MIX
The load withstanding property increases. It helps to satisfy today’s need of increased
road transport.
For 1km*3.75m road, 1 tone of plastic (10 lakhs carry bags) is used and 1 tone
bitumen is saved.
Value addition to the waste plastics.
The cost of road construction is also increased.
The maintenance cost of road is almost nil.
Disposal of waste plastic will no longer be a problem.
The use of waste plastics on the road has helped to provide better place for burying the
plastic waste without causing disposal.
While cleaning, toxic present in the co-mingled plastic waste would start leaching.
During the road laying process, in the presence of chlorine will definitely release
noxious HCL gas.
The components of the road, once it has been laid are not inert.
CHAPTER 10
PLASTIC ROADS CONSTRUCTED
• The bhruhat Bengaluru mahanagara palike (BBMP) has used plastics in construction
of roads.
• In Bellandur, road built with 100% recycled plastic waste between Eco world and
ORR.
CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION
• The generation of waste plastics is increasing day by day.
• Plastics will increase the melting point of the bitumen. Hence, the use of waste plastics
for pavement is one of the best methods for easy disposal of waste plastics.
• The use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but
• But also increased the road life as well as will help to improve the environment and also
• Plastic roads would be a boon for India's hot and extremely humid climate, where
temperatures frequently cross 50°C and torrential rains create havoc, leaving most of the
• It is hoped that in near future we will have strong. durable and eco-friendly roads which
• Plastics increase the melting point of the bitumen. The use of this plastics in road
construction is an innovative technology which not only strengthens the road but also
• The analysis in this paper reveals that Durability, strength and cost. It is hoped that in
near future we will have strong, durable and eco-friendly roads which will relieve the
REFERENCES
Mr. Huda Shafiq, Anzar hamid, “Plastic Roads: A Recent Advancement in Waste
Management”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology,
Volume 05, Issue 09, September 2019, ISSN:2278-0181
Mr. Vatsal Patel, Snehal Popli, Drashti Bhatt, “Use of plastic waste in flexible
pavements”, International Journal of application of innovation in Engineering and
Management, Volume 02, Issue 04, April 2021, ISSN:2319-4847
Mr. Katie conlon, “Plastic roads: not all they’re paved up to be”, International Journal
of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Volume 29, Issue 01, Aug 2022