NATIONAL COMPANY LAW APPELLATE TRIBUNAL

PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI

Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 286 of 2022

IN THE MATTER OF:

1. Central Bank of India,

Main Branch, GE Road,
Raipur, Chattisgarh – 492001
Through its Authorized Officer,
Mr. Virendra Tiwari,
Branch Manager, Main Branch,
GE Road, Raipur, Chattisgarh – 492001
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 0771-2228800/0771-2537912 ...Appellant

Versus

1. Himmat Steel Foundry Limited,

Registered Office:
Shop No.-5, 2nd Floor,
Durga College Complex, K.K. Road,
Moudhapara, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh - 492007 …Respondent

For Appellant: Mr. Abhijeet Sinha, Mr. Akshat Bajpai, Mr. Mohit, Mr.
Sharma, Advocates
For Respondent: Mr. Abhrajit Mitra, Sr. Advocate with Ms. Neha Somani,
PCS. Mr. Kunal Godhwani, Advocate

JUDGEMENT

Ashok Bhushan, J:

1. This Appeal by the Financial Creditor-Central Bank of India has been

filed challenging the Judgement and Order dated 03rd February, 2022

passed by the National Company Law Tribunal, Cuttack Bench, Cuttack

(hereinafter referred to as “The Adjudicating Authority”) rejecting Application

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under Section 7 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (hereinafter

referred to as “The Code”) filed by the Appellant as barred by time.

2. Brief facts of the case necessary to be noted for deciding this Appeal

are:-

 The Appellant-Financial Creditor extended various credit facilities to

the Corporate Debtor-Himmat Steel Foundry Ltd. Accounts were

declared as Non-Performing Assets by the Appellant on 01.10.1994.

Credit Facilities were recalled on 28th July, 1995 and suit was filed by

the Appellant for recovery which was transferred to the Debt Recovery

Tribunal, Jabalpur (DRT). DRT passed decree dated 10th April, 2000 in

favour of the Appellant for recovery of amount of Rs. 8,68,64,184.29/-.

 On an Application O.A. No. 274 of 2001 filed by IDBI Bank, another

Financial Creditor of the Corporate Debtor, decree was passed on 26th

July, 2004 for recovery of sum of Rs. 8,97,47,340/-.

 On 07th August, 2006, the Corporate Debtor submitted a proposal for

‘One Time Settlement’ offering an amount of Rs. 13.16 Cr. A notice

under Section 13(2) of SARFAESI Act, 2002 was served by the

Appellant for repayment of outstanding debt along with interest. On

03.09.2009, Appellant served possession notice. On 04.11.2009, the

Corporate Debtor again submitted a proposal for One Time Settlement.

Revised OTS Proposal was submitted. On 17th June, 2013 and 06th

March, 2019, in Financial Statement of the Respondent year 2018-19

there were acknowledgment of the debt by the Corporate Debtor. On

06th March, 2020, the Financial Creditor filed an Application under

Section 7 claiming an amount of Rs. 21,85,19,39,325/- which

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consisted of principal amount of Rs. 8,68,64,184.29/- rest being

interest. The Corporate Debtor did not file any Reply to Section 7

Application. Parties were heard by the Adjudicating Authority on 03rd

January, 2022 when the matter was reserved for Orders. Adjudicating

Authority passed an Order on 03rd February, 2022 dismissing Section

7 Application as barred by time.

 The Adjudicating Authority in the Impugned Order considered the

question “whether the petition under Section 7 of IBC, 2016 filed is in

time ?”. The Adjudicating Authority took the view that in pursuance of

the decree dated 10th April, 2000 passed by the DRT, Financial

Creditor had fresh limitation of three years but the Application under

Section 7 was filed after expiry of the period of three years on 13th

October, 2020 which is hopelessly barred by time. The

acknowledgement in the balance-sheet in 2018 and the OTS Proposals

in 2019 shall not make Application within time. Acknowledgement of

the liability after expiry of limitation is of no consequence and

Application was consequently dismissed.

3. Mr. Abhijeet Sinha, Learned Counsel appearing for the Appellant

challenging the Order contends that computation of limitation ought not be

made with effect from 10th April, 2000 when decree was passed by the DRT

in favour of the Financial Creditor rather computation of limitation should

be taken with effect from 26th July, 2004 when DRT passed decree in favour

of another Financial Creditor i.e. IDBI Bank. Learned Counsel for the

Appellant further relies on Section 25(3) of the Indian Contract Act. It is

submitted that OTS offer given by the Corporate Debtor amounts to

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extension of limitation within Section 18 of the Limitation Act. Balance-sheet

of the Corporate Debtor which contains acknowledgement at least from

2008-09 till 2017-18 are acknowledgement within the meaning of Section 18

of the Limitation Act. Learned Counsel for the Appellant has also referred to

Section 14 of the Limitation Act and Section 5 of the Limitation Act.

4. Mr. Abhrajit Mitra, Sr. Advocate appearing for the Respondent refuting

the submissions of Learned Counsel for the Appellant contends that

Application filed under Section 7 by the Appellant was hopelessly barred by

time. The Account was declared NPA on 01.10.1994 and after passing the

decree by the DRT dated 10th April, 2000, Appellant could have availed the

limitation of three years till 09th April, 2003. The decree by DRT in favour of

IDBI Bank-another Financial Creditor of the Corporate Debtor is not relevant

for purposes of computation of the Limitation for filing the Section 7

Application. The period of limitation for taking the action on basis of decree

dated 10th April, 2000 came to end and any subsequent acknowledgement

shall not save the limitation for the Appellant. Appellant cannot be permitted

to take a case for explaining the limitation which was not mentioned in

Form-A and the enclosures thereto. With regard to argument based on

Section 25(3) of the Contract Act, Learned Sr. Counsel submits that no plea

was taken before the Adjudicating Authority and for the first time in the

Rejoinder-Affidavit filed in this Appeal, Section 25(3) has been referred to.

The IBC is a complete Code in itself and has overriding effect on provisions

inconsistent with IBC. The provisions of Section 25(3) is inconsistent with

Section 238-A even after Order passed by the Adjudicating Authority

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rejecting Section 7 Application, the Appellant is proceeding under SARFAESI

Act.

5. We have considered the submissions of Learned Counsel for the

parties and have perused the record.

6. The issue needs to be answered in this Appeal is as to whether the

Application filed by the Appellant under Section 7 on 16.03.2020 was barred

by time. The law is well settled that limitation for filing the Section 7

Application is limitation as prescribed under Article 137 of the Limitation

Act, 1963. Article 137 of the Limitation Act, 1963 is as follows:

Description of application Period of Time from

limitation which period
begins to run
137. Any other application Three When the right
for which no period of years to apply
limitation is provided accrues.
elsewhere in this division.

7. Brief facts which have been brought on record are that the Account of

the Corporate Debtor was declared NPA on 01.10.1994, suit was filed by the

Financial Creditor for recovery of the defaulted amount which was

transferred to the DRT and was decided by the Judgement and Decree dated

10th April, 2000 decreeing the claim of Rs. 8,68,64,184.29/- against the

Corporate Debtor and its personal guarantors. In view of the Judgment of

the Hon’ble Supreme Court in “Dena Bank Vs. C. Shivakumar Reddy,

[(2021) 10 SCC 330], Decree passed by the DRT gave a fresh period of

limitation of three years which came to an end on 09th April, 2003. This

Tribunal while entertaining this Appeal on 21st March, 2022, passed

following order:

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“21.03.2022: Heard Learned Counsel for the

Appellant. Learned Counsel for the Appellant submits
that although three years period of limitation taking
from Judgment and Decree of the DRT dated 10 th
April, 2000 has come to an end but in event the
Judgment of the DRT dated 26th July, 2004 passed
in O.A. No. 274/2001 filed by the Industrial
Development Bank of India is taken for purpose of
extending the limitation of the Appellant, the
application is to be treated within time. It is fairly
submitted that said Order was not before the
Adjudicating Authority. Learned Counsel has also
referred to Section 7(1) Explanation and submits that
a default includes a default in respect of a financial
debt owed not only to the applicant financial creditor
but to any other financial creditors of the corporate
debtor.
2. Issue Notice to the Respondent through Speed
Post as well as Email. Requisites along with process
fee, if not filed, be filed within three days. Reply
Affidavit may be filed within two weeks. Rejoinder, if
any, may be filed within two weeks, thereafter.
List this Appeal ‘For Admission (After Notice)’
on 22nd April, 2022. Looking to the nature of the
issues raised in the Appeal, Appeal may itself be
decided on the next date.”

8. The principal submission which has been placed by Mr. Abhijeet Sinha

is that computation for period of limitation should be on the basis of decree

passed by DRT in the suit filed by IDBI Bank dated 26th July, 2004. Learned

Counsel for the Appellant has relied on Section 7(1) proviso and the

Explanation. Section 7(1) is as follows:

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“7. (1) A financial creditor either by itself or jointly

with other financial creditors, or any other person on
behalf of the financial creditor, as may be notified by
the Central Government may file an application for
initiating corporate insolvency resolution process
against a corporate debtor before the Adjudicating
Authority when a default has occurred.

Provided that for the financial creditors, referred to in

clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (6A) of section 21,
an application for initiating corporate insolvency
resolution process against the corporate debtor shall
be filed jointly by not less than one hundred of such
creditors in the same class or not less than ten per
cent. of the total number of such creditors in the same
class, whichever is less:

Provided further that for financial creditors who are

allottees under a real estate project, an application for
initiating corporate insolvency resolution process
against the corporate debtor shall be filed jointly by
not less than one hundred of such allottees under the
same real estate project or not less than ten per cent.
of the total number of such allottees under the same
real estate project, whichever is less:

Provided also that where an application for initiating

the corporate insolvency resolution process against a
corporate debtor has been filed by a financial creditor
referred to in the first and second provisos and has
not been admitted by the Adjudicating Authority
before the commencement of the Insolvency and
Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2020, such

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application shall be modified to comply with the

requirements of the first or second proviso within
thirty days of the commencement of the said Act,
failing which the application shall be deemed to be
withdrawn before its admission.”

9. The Explanation to Section 7 is also to the following effect:

“Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, a

default includes a default in respect of a financial
debt owed not only to the applicant financial creditor
but to any other financial creditor of the corporate
debtor.”
10. Section 7(1) enables a Financial Creditor to file an Application for

initiating ‘Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process’ against the Corporate

Debtor when a default has occurred. By virtue of Explanation, the default

referred to in sub-section 1 includes a default in respect of Financial Debt

owed not only to the Applicant Financial Creditor but to any other Financial

Creditor of the Corporate Debtor.

11. The submissions of Learned Counsel for the Appellant is that although

when limitation is computed taking the decree passed by DRT in favour of

the Appellant dated 10th April, 2000, the Application is barred by time but in

event the decree dated 26th July, 2004 in O.A. No. 274/2021 filed by the

IDBI Bank is taken into consideration, the Application is within time. Copy

of the Application filed under Section 7 is part of the record of this Appeal as

Annexure BB.

12. We need to look into the Application under Section 7 to find out as to

for what “default” the Application under Section 7 has been filed. Part-IV of

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the Application deals with particulars of financial debt. Entire Part-IV of the

Application is as follows:

“Part-IV

Particulars of Financial Debt

1. Total amount The total amount granted by the Applicant
of debt granted Financial Creditor to the Corporate Debtor
and Date of under the respective facility is as under:
disbursement
of loan Sr. Date of Nature of Total
No. Sanction Facility Amount (In
Rs.)
1. *02-11- Overdraft 1,25,00,000
1989 against
Book
Debts
2. *02-11- Working 2,00,00,000
1989 Capital
Loan
3. 02-01- Term 55,00,000
1990 Loan
4. 02-11- Working 1,24,00,000
1989 Capital
Term
Loan
5. 18-11- In Land 30,00,000
1989 Letter of
Credit
6. 20-08- Deferred 16,31,752
1985 payment
21-08- Guarantee 35,69,200
1985 Limit
19-12- 63,92,400
1987
Total 6,49,93,352
Note:
1. *The above specified dates are the date
on which aforesaid loan/facilities were
last sanctioned/extended.
2. Amount The Applicant Financial Creditor claims an
claimed to be amount of Rs. 21,85,19,39,325/- (Rupees
in default and Two Thousand One Hundred and Eighty
the date on Five Crores Ninteen Lakhs Thirty Nine
which the Thousand Three Hundred and Twenty
default Five Only) comprising of Rs.
occurred. 8,68,64,184.29/- as the total principal

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amount towards the loan facility provided

by the Applicant Financial Creditor to
Corporate Debtor and interest charged by
the Applicant Financial Creditor as per the
terms and condition of the loan agreement
till 23rd August, 1995 and Rs.
21,76,50,75,140.71 (Rupees Two
Thousand One Hundred Seventy Six Crore
Fifty Lacs Seventy Five Thousand One
Hundred Forty)towards the interest
@23.25% pursuant to the decree dated
10th April, 2000 passed by the Hon’ble
Debt Recovery Tribunal, Jabalpur.
Further, following is the bifurcation of Rs.
8,68,64,184.29/- (amount in default till
23rd August, 1995):
Sr. Nature of Facility Outstanding
No. Amount
1 Overdraft against 6,18,728.60
Book Debts
2 Working Capital 3,48,86,089.77
Loan
3 Term Loan 1,47,48,163.82
4 Working Capital 3,30,06,250.60
Term Loan
5 Deferred payment 36,04,951.50
Guarantee Limit
Total 8,68,64,184.29

Date of NPA is 1st October, 1994

Copy of workings for computation of
amount due and number of days of
default is annexed hereto and marked as
Exhibit-Z.

13. When we look into the Part-IV, the default on basis of which, the

Application has been filed is default committed by the Corporate Debtor in

payment of the financial facilities extended by the Appellant. The basis of the

Application is not the default committed qua IDBI Bank another Financial

Creditor. When the Application is not founded on the default of the another

Financial Creditor-IDBI Bank although under Section 7 Sub-Section 1 read

with Explanation it is permissible for a Financial Creditor to file Section 7

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Application on default committed by the Corporate Debtor of any other

Financial Creditor and when factually the Application under Section 7 filed

not for the default of IDBI Bank rather the Application is specifically filed

confined to the default of the Corporate Debtor of the Financial Facilities

extended by the Appellant, we do not find any substance in the submission

of Learned Counsel for the Appellant that limitation for filing Section 7

Application be computed on the basis of decree of the IDBI Bank passed in

favour of IDBI Bank dated 26th July, 2004. The Decree passed by the DRT

dated 26th July, 2004 on the Application filed by the IDBI was not even filed

before the Adjudicating Authority and for the first time the decree has been

filed along with this Appeal. Mere filing decree in this Appeal shall not entitle

the Appellant to compute the limitation for filing Section 7 Application in

question on the basis of decree dated 26th July, 2004. We thus are of the

view that the decree dated 26th July, 2004 passed in the O.A. of IDBI is

irrelevant for the purposes of computation of limitation for filing Section 7

Application by the Appellant. The Adjudicating Authority has rightly come to

the conclusion that Section 7 Application which was filed on 16th March,

2020 is barred by time. Limitation which was available to the Appellant on

the basis of decree of DRT dated 10th April, 2000 came to an end on 09th

April, 2003. It is also relevant to notice that acknowledgement claimed by

the Appellant by virtue of OTS or any acknowledgement in the Financial

Statement are all acknowledgement which are subsequent to expiry of

limitation i.e. subsequent to 09th April, 2003. Acknowledgement under

Section 18 can be relied on only when acknowledgement is within time and

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limitation. Section 18(1) of the Limitation Act is clear in this regard which is

as follows:

“18. Effect of acknowledgement in writing-(1)

Where, before the expiration of the prescribed period
for a suit or application in respect of any property or
right, an acknowledgement of liability in respect of
such property or right has been made in writing
signed by the party against whom such property or
right is claimed, or by any person through whom he
derives his title or liability, a fresh period of limitation
shall be computed from the time when the
acknowledgement was so signed.”

14. We thus are of the view that Application filed by the Appellant was

clearly barred by time and has rightly been rejected by the Adjudicating

Authority.

15. Now coming to the submission of Learned Counsel for the Appellant

based on Section 25(3) of the Contract Act which has been raised during the

course of the submission, we find force in the submission of Learned Sr.

Counsel for the Respondent that the said submission needs no consideration

since the said submission was never raised either before the Adjudicating

Authority or in this Appeal or in the grounds of the Appeal. Reference of

Section 25(3) is made only in the Rejoinder-Affidavit filed by the Appellant

and has been reiterated during the course of the submission.

16. We thus are of the view that submission for which there was no

foundation in the Application filed under Section 7 or any document filed

before the Adjudicating Authority nor any such of submissions was even

raised in the grounds of the Appeal, raising submission in Rejoinder-Affidavit

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and during the course of the submission is not sufficient for consideration in

this Appeal. Submission based on Section 25(3) of the Contract Act are

submissions which are submissions requiring consideration of facts and

evidence and is not a submission which is based on a pure question of law

hence we are of the view that such submission of the Appellant based on

Section 25(3) needs no consideration in this Appeal.

17. In view of the foregoing discussion, we do not find any merit in the

Appeal. The Appeal is dismissed.

[Justice Ashok Bhushan]

Chairperson

[Mr. Barun Mitra]

Member (Technical)

NEW DELHI
14th November, 2022

Basant

Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 286 of 2022