Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Two-port Networks
Outline
3.1. Two port networks and parameters
Reference: F.F. Kuo, "Network Analysis and Synthesis" Chapter 9
𝐼 = 𝐼′
• A general two port on the other hand has two pairs of voltage and current
relationships.
• The variable are 𝑉1 , 𝑉2 , 𝐼1 , 𝐼2
• Two of these are independent, Input Output
Port Port
• the other two are dependent.
V1 = Z11I1 + Z12 I 2
V2 = Z 21I1 + Z 22 I 2
• In these equations 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 are the dependent variables, while 𝐼1 and 𝐼2 are the
independent variables.
V2 V2
z 21 = z 22 =
I1 I 2 =0
I2 I1 = 0
Solution:
V1 V2
Z11 = = Z a + Z b Z 21 = = Z b
I1 I1
V1 V2
Z12 = = Zb Z 22 = = Zb + Zc
I2 I2
• Note that 𝑍12 = 𝑍21 ⇒ the circuit is reciprocal.
• Most passive time-invariant networks are reciprocal.
I1 = y11V1 + y12V2
I 2 = y21V1 + y22V2
• voltages 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 : independent variables,
• currents through the two ports (𝐼1 & 𝐼2 ) : dependent variables.
• All the Y-parameters have unit of admittance. Individual Y-parameters
• The individual Y-parameters are specified when the I1 I1
y11 = y12 =
voltage at one of the ports is zero. i.e. short circuit : V1 V V2
2 =0 V1 = 0
sometimes referred as short-circuit admittance
I2 I2
parameters. y21 = y22 =
V1 V2
• 𝑌12 = 𝑌21 ⇒ the circuit is reciprocal V2 = 0 V1 = 0
Solution:
• We short circuit port 2 to find the 𝑌11 and 𝑌21 .
• We short circuit port 1 to find the 𝑌12 and 𝑌22
I I2
Y11 = 1 = YA + YC Y21 = = −YC
V1 V1
I1 I2
Y12 = = −YC Y22 = = YB + YC
V2 V2
AASTU, ECE, 2021 10
H-parameters (Hybrid Parameters)
• A set of parameters that are very useful in describing transistor circuits are
h- parameters.
• H-parameters are given by the following equation
V1 = h11 I1 + h12V2
I 2 = h21 I1 + h22V2
• 𝐼1 and 𝑉2 are the independent variables, whereas 𝑉1 and 𝐼2 are dependent
variables. V1 V1
h11 = h12 =
• Individual parameters I1 V2 = 0
V2 I1 = 0
I2 I2
h21 = h22 =
I1 V2 = 0
V2 I1 = 0
V1 1
h11 = =
I1 V2 = 0
YA + YC
Solution: V1 YC
• Short circuit the second port to find ℎ11 and ℎ21
h12 = =
V2 I1 = 0
YA + YC
• Open circuit the first port to find ℎ12 and ℎ22 . I2 YC
h21 = =
I1 V2 = 0
YA + YC
I2 YAYC
h11 = = YB +
V2 I1 = 0
YA + YC
AASTU, ECE, 2021 13
ABCD parameters (Transmission matrix)
• The ABCD parameters are given in matrix form as
V1 A B V2
I = C D − I
1 2
Equation : V1 = AV2 − BI 2
I1 = CV2 − DI 2
• The reason we multiply 𝐼2 by negative is in most cases the current on the
output port is coming out of the port.
V1 V1
• 𝑉2 and 𝐼2 are the independent variables, A= B=−
V2 I 2 =0
I2 V2 = 0
• 𝑉1 and 𝐼1 are the dependent variables.
I1 I1
C= D=−
V2 I 2 =0
I2 V2 = 0
Solution:
H-Parameter
Na⟹
Nb ⟹