Overview of An Engineering Drawing
Overview of An Engineering Drawing
TOPICS
Graphics language Engineering drawing
Traditional Drawing Tools Orthographic projection Orthographic projection
GRAPHICS LANGUAGE
The word languages are inadequate for describing the size, shape and features completely as well as concisely.
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils and erasers.
Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are usually made to scale.
Example
Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
Example
Engineering Drawing
Word language
Describe size, location and specification of the object.
DRAWING TOOLS
DRAWING TOOLS
1. Drawing Board
2. Mini Drafter
DRAWING TOOLS
3. T-Square
4. Triangles
DRAWING TOOLS
5. Adhesive Tape
6. Pencils
DRAWING TOOLS
7. Protector
8. Scale
DRAWING TOOLS
9. Roller Scale
DRAWING TOOLS
11. Sandpaper
12. Compass
DRAWING TOOLS
DRAWING TOOLS
DRAWING TOOLS
17. Sharpener
PROJECTION METHOD
PROJECTION THEORY
The projection theory is used to graphically represent
The projection theory is based on two variables: 1) Line of sight 2) Plane of projection (image plane or picture plane)
PROJECTION METHOD
Perspective
Oblique
Parallel Orthographic
Axonometric
Multiview
Line of sight
observers eye and an object. There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge
Parallel projection
Line of sight
Perspective projection
Line of sight
Perspective projection
Plane of projection
Orthographic Projection
MEANING
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique
in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the
projection plane
Object views from top
2 5 3
3 4
4 Projection plane
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
Orthographic view depends on relative position of the object
Tilt
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
NOTES
Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. 2. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for
communication.
Multiview Drawing
Advantage
It represents accurate shape and size.
First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object
Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object
in 1st Quadrant
( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) ( SYMBOLIC PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) ON ITS BASE.
NOTE:HP term is used in Angle method & For the same Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections 1st
in 3rd Quadrant.
Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y )
FV
TV
X
TV
X
FV G
FOR T.V.
VP
FV X TV
HP
LSV Y
FOR T.V.
TV X LSV
Y FV
Meaning of Lines
Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the
current view Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in the current view
Center line