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  • Fundamental Concepts of Algebra

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    kingson
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    This document introduces fundamental concepts of algebra. It defines algebra as generalized arithmetic using letters to represent numbers. There are two types of symbols: constants with fixed values and variables that can be assigned different values. The four basic operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division - can be performed on literals and numbers. Expressions involving these operations, such as monomials with one term, binomials with two terms, and trinomials with three terms, are also introduced. Like terms contain the same literals while unlike terms contain different literals.

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    This document introduces fundamental concepts of algebra. It defines algebra as generalized arithmetic using letters to represent numbers. There are two types of symbols: constants with fixed values and variables that can be assigned different values. The four basic operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division - can be performed on literals and numbers. Expressions involving these operations, such as monomials with one term, binomials with two terms, and trinomials with three terms, are also introduced. Like terms contain the same literals while unlike terms contain different literals.

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    372 views10 pages

    Fundamental Concepts of Algebra

    Uploaded by

    kingson
    This document introduces fundamental concepts of algebra. It defines algebra as generalized arithmetic using letters to represent numbers. There are two types of symbols: constants with fixed values and variables that can be assigned different values. The four basic operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division - can be performed on literals and numbers. Expressions involving these operations, such as monomials with one term, binomials with two terms, and trinomials with three terms, are also introduced. Like terms contain the same literals while unlike terms contain different literals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 10

    FUNDAMENTAL

    CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA
    INTRODUCTION
    ALGEBRA is generalised arithmetic, in which numbers are
    represented by letters a, b, c, x, y, z etc... called liternal numbers or
    simply literals
    SYMBOLS
    • There are two types of symbols, namely constants and variables.

    • Constants: A symbol having a fixed value is called a constant

    1 4
    Example: 4, -5, , , etc.,
    3 7

    Variables: A symbol which can be assigned various values, is called a variable

    Example: d= 2 x r Here, d and r are variables


    OPERATIONS ON LITERALS AND NUMBERS
    • Addition of literals and constants
    i) The sum of a fixed number 6 and a literal x is 6 + x
    ii) The sum of two literals x and y is x + y

    • Subtraction of literals and numbers


    i) x decreased by 5 is (x - 5)
    ii) x decreased by y is (x - y)
    • Multiplication of literals and numbers

    i) 5 times x is 5 x x, written as 5x
    ii) The product of x and y is xy

    • Division of literals and numbers


    2
    i) 2 divided by x is
    𝑥
    𝑥
    ii) x divided by y is
    𝑦
    • Power of literal

    i) x x x = 𝑥 2 ( read as x square)
    ii) x x x x x = 𝑥 3 (read as x cube)

    Example: p x p x p x ........ 8 times = 𝑝8


    4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 can we written as 4 x x x x x x x y x y x z x z
    • Algebraic Expressions: A combination of literals and numbers
    connected by one or more of the symbols +, –, x,  is called an
    algebraic expression.
    Examples: 5xy ( number of terms is 1)
    x - 3y + 2 (number of terms is 3)
    • Various types of Algebraic Expressions

    1. Monomial : An algebraic expression having only one term is called a


    monomial.

    Example : 5a, - 4b, 6ab, 7xy

    2. Binomial : An algebraic expression having two terms is called a binomial

    Example : 5x - 3, 6 - 2y
    3. Trinomial : An algebraic expression having three terms is called a
    trinomial.

    Example : 6p -13q + 2r, 3xy - 8yz + zx

    4. Multinomial : An algebraic expression having two or more than two


    terms is called a multinomial.

    Example : 3x + 4y – 8 + 5xy
    • Like and Unlike Terms

    Like Terms : Two monomials have same literals are called like or similar terms

    Example : 6ab, -3ab are like terms

    Unlike terms: Two monomials having different literals are called unlike or dis-
    similar terms

    Example : 6x and 6xy are unlike terms

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