SRM Institute of Science and Technology

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CASE STUDY OF DIFFERENT HYBRID VEHICLES
NAME :- VILAKSHAN SHARMA

REG NO :-RA1711011030005
BRANCH :- AUTOMOBILE
ENINEERING
WHAT IS HYBRID VEHICLES ?
 Hybrid vehicles are called hybrids because they use both a small
internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor to obtain
maximum power and fuel economy with minimum emissions.
 What all hybrids have in common is the ability to generate electric
current, store it in a large battery, and use that current to help drive
the car.
 Hybrids can also conserve energy by shutting down the ICE when
the vehicle is in Park, idling at a light, or stopped in traffic, or when
the electric motor’s energy is sufficient to drive the vehicle without
assistance from the ICE.
 Hybrids have regenerative braking systems that generate electric
power to help keep the batteries charged. When the driver applies
the brakes, the electric motor turns into a generator, and the
magnetic drag slows the vehicle down. For safety, however, there is
also a normal hydraulic braking system that can stop the car when
regenerative braking isn’t sufficient.
Series hybrid vehicle
Parallel hybrid vehicles
Series parallel hybrid vehicles
WHAT IS PLUG-IN HYBRID ?
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles–known as PHEVs–combine a
gasoline or diesel engine with an electric motor and a large
rechargeable battery.
• Unlike conventional hybrids, PHEVS can be plugged-in and
recharged from an outlet, allowing them to drive extended
distances using just electricity. When the battery is emptied,
the conventional engine turns on and the vehicle operates as
a conventional, non-plug-in hybrid. Since they can run on
electricity from the grid and because electricity is often a
cleaner energy source than gasoline or diesel plug-in hybrids
can produce significantly less global warming pollution than
their gas-only counterparts. Since they use less gas, they also
cost less to fuel driving a PHEV can save huge amount of
money a year in gasoline and diesel costs.
Honda Insight Toyota Prius
Chevrolet Volt
Honda Insight
 The Honda Insight is a hybrid
electric vehicle that was
manufactured and marketed
by Honda in its first generation as
a two-door, two passenger
liftback (1999–2006)
 It's second generation as a four-
door, five passenger liftback
(2009–2014).
 In its third generation, it became
a four-door sedan (2019).
Continuously variable transmission
(CVT)
 A continuously variable
transmission (CVT), also
known as a shiftless
transmission, single-speed
transmission, stepless
transmission, pulley
transmission, or, in case
of motorcycles, a 'twist-
and-go', is an automatic
transmission that can
change seamlessly
through a continuous
range of effective gear
ratios.
Powertrain
o The new Insight includes Honda's fifth generation of its Integrated Motor
Assist (IMA) hybrid system. This system mates an internal combustion
engine with an electric motor mounted directly to the engine's
crankshaft between the engine and transmission.
o Honda states that this configuration is less complex, lower cost, and
compact enough to accommodate a wide range of vehicle sizes when
compared to competing hybrid powertrains.
o The Insight's IMA includes a high-efficiency, lightweight, low-friction 1.3-
liter SOHC i-VTEC 4-cylinder engine rated for 98 hp (73 kW) at 5800 rpm
and 123 lb⋅ft (167 N⋅m) of torque from 1000 to 1700 rpm. The high torque
at low rpm is made possible by the electric motor which contributes up
to 13 hp (10 kW) at 1500 rpm and 58 lb⋅ft (79 N⋅m) of torque at 1000 rpm
to the powertrain, assisting in acceleration and some steady state
cruising situations at low-to-mid vehicle speeds.
Toyota Prius
The Toyota Prius is a full hybrid
electric automobile developed
by Toyota and manufactured by the
company since 1997. Initially offered as
a 4-door sedan, it has been produced
only as a 5-door liftback since 2003.
Powertrain
o The Prius Plug-in Hybrid uses the Hybrid Synergy Drive of the
standard Prius model, with enhanced capabilities that incorporates a
4.4 kWh lithium-ion battery that significantly expands the all-electric
range as compared to the regular Prius, and fully rechargeable from a
domestic source.
o The hybrid system includes a 1.8-liter DOHC 16-valve VVT-i
gasoline engine that develops 73 kW (98 hp) @ 5200 rpm, and 142 N·m
@ 4000 rpm, a third-generation hybrid transaxle, a power control unit
(PCU), and an on-board charging system. The system uses two high-
output electric motors, one 60 kW (80 hp) unit (MG2) that mainly works
to power the compact, lightweight transaxle, and another smaller motor
(MG1) rated at 42 kW (56 hp) that works as the electric power source for
battery regeneration and as a starter for the gasoline engine. Maximum
motor-drive voltage is 650 volts DC.
o After the electric driving range is exhausted, the plug-in switches into
hybrid operation at a pre-determined state of battery charge (SOC)
and operates as a conventional full hybrid with a similar efficiency of
a standard Prius. Net hybrid system output is 134 bhp, allowing the
Prius Plug-in to accelerate from 0 to 62 mph (0 to 100 km/h) in 10.7
seconds and reach a top speed of 180 km/h (112 mph). The
maximum speed in EV mode is 100 km/h, or 85 km/h on European
models. With a weight of approximately 1,420 kg the plug-in version
is only 50 kg heavier than the regular Prius.
CHEVROLET VOLT
It is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured
by General Motors, also marketed
in rebadged variants as the Holden
Volt in Australia and New Zealand, Buick
Velite 5 in China, and with a
different fascia as the Vauxhall
Ampera in the United Kingdom and as
the Opel Ampera in the remainder of
Europe. Volt production ended in
February 2019.
Powertrain
o The 2011 Chevrolet Volt has a 16 kWh / 45 A·h (10.4 kWh usable) lithium-
ion battery pack that can be charged by plugging the car into a 120-240
VAC residential electrical outlet using the provided SAE J1772-compliant
charging cord. No external charging station is required. The Volt is
propelled by an electric motor with a peak output of 111 kW (149 hp)
delivering 370 N⋅m of torque.
o Capacity of the battery pack was increased to 16.5 kWh (10.9 kWh
usable) for 2013 models, which increased the all-electric range from 35 to
38 mi (56 to 61 km). Other specifications remained the same. The battery
pack capacity was increased to 17.1 kWh for 2015 models. This
incremental upgrade is likely to reflect in an improvement in range over
previous model years, but as of July 2014, the 2015 Volt has not been re-
certified with the EPA.
Operating and driving modes
• Single motor electric – The primary motor runs solely on battery
power, maximum propulsion power is 111 kW.
• Dual motor electric – At higher vehicle speeds the secondary
motor engages over the planetary gear such that it reduces
the speed of the primary motor. This facilitates higher
efficiency and better mileage for the combined system,
without increasing the maximum power.
• Single motor extended – The battery reaches its minimum
charge, which triggers the combustion engine. The engine
drives the secondary motor as a generator, via the charging
electronics, to keep the minimum battery charge level. The
primary motor can still provide its 111 kW for short acceleration,
albeit not sustained.
• Dual motor extended – The electric motors are used again in
dual configuration with increased efficiency at higher speeds.
Additionally the gasoline engine contributes propulsion power
via the planetary gear. While power is drained from the battery
the amount is less than in mode 2 for the same propulsion
power, thus extending the range.
Prius Insight
BATTERY COMPARISION
HONDA INSIGHT
• The Insight's IMA is powered by a flat, Nickel-metal hydride battery
pack located below the cargo floor between the rear wheels.
• The 84 module battery is manufactured by Sanyo Electric and provides
a nominal system voltage of 100.8 volts with a nominal capacity of
5.75 ampere-hours.
• Battery is recharged automatically when needed, and by
regenerative braking when the car is decelerating.
TOYOTA PRIUS
• There are two principal battery packs,
• The High Voltage (HV) battery, also known as the traction battery, and
a 12 volt battery known as the Low Voltage (LV) battery.
• The traction battery of the Prius update (2000 onwards) was a sealed
38-module Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack
providing 273.6 volt, 6.5 Ah capacity and weighing 53.3 kg (118 lb)
Chevrolet volt
• The 2011 Volt's lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) battery pack weighs 435 lb
(197 kg) and "consists of 288 individual cells arranged into nine modules.
• Plastic frames hold pairs of lithium-ion cells that sandwich an
aluminum cooling fin. The design and construction of that aluminum
plate was critical to ensuring an even temperature distribution with no
hot or cool spots across the flat, rectangular cell
• For the 2011/2012 model years, the battery pack stores 16 kWh of energy
but it is controlled or buffered via the energy management system to use
only 10.3 kWh of this capacity to maximize the life of the pack.
• The battery capacity was increased to 16.5 kWh for the 2013
HONDA TOYOTA PRIUS CHEVROLET
INSIGHT VOLT
ENGINE 1.3-liter SOHC 1.8-liter DOHC 16- 1398 cc EcoFLEX

I -VTEC 4- valve VVT-I
cylinder
BATTERY 1.2KWh 4.4KWh 18.4KWh

CAPACITY
POWER 96 kW 60 kW • 1× 111 kW
(149 hp)
• 1× 55 kW
(74 hp)
TORQUE 267 N-m 142 N·m 398 N-m

HONDA TOYOTA PRIUS CHEVROLET
INSIGHT VOLT
TOP SPEED 192 km/h 180 km/h 160km/h
HYBRID Parallel hybrid Power-split hybrid Series

DRIVETRAIN (Honda Integrate hybrid/Parallel
TYPE d Motor Assist) hybrid(GM
Voltec)
RANGE 886.7 km 1,030 km 680 km
CURB WEIGHT 1,237 kg 1,526 kg 1,721 kg

THANK YOU

SRM Institute of Science and Technology

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SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CASE STUDY OF DIFFERENT HYBRID VEHICLES

NAME :- VILAKSHAN SHARMA

ENGINE 1.3-liter SOHC 1.8-liter DOHC 16- 1398 cc EcoFLEX

BATTERY 1.2KWh 4.4KWh 18.4KWh

TORQUE 267 N-m 142 N·m 398 N-m

TOP SPEED 192 km/h 180 km/h 160km/h

HYBRID Parallel hybrid Power-split hybrid Series

RANGE 886.7 km 1,030 km 680 km

CURB WEIGHT 1,237 kg 1,526 kg 1,721 kg

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