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GRD
GRD
• VIERENDEEL TRUSS
• the vierendeel truss is a truss where
the members are not triangulated but
form rectangular openings, and is a
frame with fixed joints that are
capable of transferring and resisting
bending moments.
• by applying loads only to the joints of trusses, the members of truss are
only subjected to a uniform tensile or compressive stress across their
cross sections because their lines of action pass through a common
hinged joint
•
VIERENDEEL TRUSS
• the vierendeel truss/girder is characterized by having only vertical
members between the top and bottom chords and is a statically
indeterminate structure.
a box girder is formed when two web plates are joined by a common flange
at both the top and the bottom. the closed cell which is formed has a much
greater torsional stiffness and strength than an open section and it is this
feature which is the usual reason for choosing a box girder configuration.
BOX GIRDER BRIDGE
DISADVANTAGES:
• one of the main disadvantages of box decks is that they are difficult
to cast in-situ due to the inaccessibility of the bottom slab and the
need to extract the internal shutter. either the box has to be
designed so that the entire cross section may be cast in one
continuous pour, or the cross section has to be cast in stages.
SPECIFICATIONS:
• it can cover a range of spans from 25 m up to the largest non-suspended
concrete decks built; of the order of 300 m. single box girders may also carry
decks up to 30 m wide.
• for the longer span beams, beyond about 50 m, they are practically the only
feasible deck section. below 30m precast beams or voided slab decks are
more suitable while above 50ma single cell box arrangement is usually more
economic.
• single cell box-girder cast-in-situ are used for spans form 40m to 270m.
• the box arrangement is done in order to give aesthetic appearance where the
web of box will act as a slender appearance when combined with a slim
parapet profile.
• single box arrangements are efficient for both the longitudinal and transverse
designs, and they produce an economic solution for mot medium and long
span structures. this type of deck is constructed span-by-span, using full-height
scaffolding or trusses, or as balanced cantilever using form travellers.
• this could be particularly important for medium length bridges with spans
between 40m and 55m. such spans are too long for twin rib type decks, and
too short for cast-in-situ balanced cantilever construction of box girders, while a
total length of box section deck of less than about 1,000 m does not justify
setting up a precast segmental facility.
EXAMPLES:
Commerzbank, Frankfurt
Architect: Norman Foster
Engineer: Ove Arup