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5 - Lecture 5 - Punctuation
5 - Lecture 5 - Punctuation
Or
Example: 11:35pm
Example: I will need the following items from the store:
bananas, grapes, watermelon, and lemons.
The Colon
It is used to introduce an explanation
The problem is this: how are/do we get trained hands at reasonable
salaries ?
It is used to introduce a long quotation
The Gita says: “ only action is within your power, not its reward.”
It is used to separate two contrasts
Man proposes: God disposes.
The colon is used to sum up a number of preceding clauses
I went where I liked; I ate what I wanted; I was free as the wind:
such are the reminiscences of my childhood.
The Semi-colon
It is a punctuation mark (;) used to separate parts of a
sentence or list and indicating a pause longer than a comma,
but shorter than a full stop. In a sentence, a transition word
may follow the semi-colon.
;
The Semi-colon
A semicolon is frequently used to separate two
coordinating clauses when the second is introduced by
one of the adverbs therefore, hence, however,
moreover, indeed, thus, still, accordingly, also and then
--
-- THE DASH
Use the dash:
USE A HYPHEN:
1) To Separate (Join) The Parts Of Compound Words: Examples: fast-moving;
sister-in-law; half-asleep; X-ray; know-it-all; forty-seven; three-fourths
3) to enclose words with a widely different level of usage: Example: The person who has “had
it” so far is his mother.
,
The comma is used to separate a list.
He glanced out of the window, looked surprised, ran to the door, and
turned the key.
Yes and no
Yes, you may give some sandwiches to the child.
The Comma
If a word is repeated for emphasis, each time it occurs, it is set off
with a comma
EXAMPLES
• The government's education report (April 2005) shows that
the level of literacy is rising in nearly all areas.
• I visited Kathmandu (which was full of tourists) on my way to
the Himalayas for a trekking expedition.
• You can eat almost anything while travelling in Asia if you
are careful to observe simple rules (avoiding unboiled or
unbottled water is one of the main rules to be aware of.)
Bracket
Square brackets (also called brackets, especially in American
English) are mainly used to enclose words added by someone
other than the original writer or speaker, typically in order to
clarify the situation:
Example:
He [the police officer] can’t prove they did it.
Ellipsis…
• Use an ellipsis when omitting a word, phrase,
line, paragraph, or more from a quoted
passage. Ellipses save space or remove
material that is less relevant. They are useful
in getting right to the point without delay or
distraction:
• Full quotation: "Today, after hours of careful
thought, we vetoed the bill."
• With ellipsis: "Today … we vetoed the bill."
Quick Test, Part 1
Directions: In the items that follow,
choose the option that corrects an error in
the underlined portion(s). If no error exists,
choose “No change is necessary.”
Item 1
Although Raymond
Although Raymondwill
willeat
eata agrasshopper,
grasshopper,he he
A B
refuses all green vegetables;
vegetables;such
vegetables, such
suchasas
aspeas,
peas,
peas,
C
spinach, and even cucumbers.
A.Although, Raymond
B.grasshopper he
C.vegetables,
vegetables, such
such
D.No change is necessary.
Item 2
A.
A.exam,
exam, Scott
Scott
B.rubbed, his
C.foot, and
D.No change is necessary.
Item 3
Francine has five chair’s
chair’sbut
chairs butsix
but sixguests
six guests
guestscoming
coming
coming
A BB
for Thanksgiving dinner; she hopes that old Uncle
Ross remembers
rememberstotobring
bringan
anextra.
extra.
C
A.
A.chairs
chairs
B.guest’s
C.remember’s
D.No change is necessary.
Item 4
Roseanne washed the piles of dirty dishes;
dishes;while
dishes while
while
A
Maria vacuumed the filthy rug; they tried
tried to
to
B
complete a month’s
month’sworth
worthofofhousekeeping
housekeepingininaa
C
single hour.
A.
A.dishes
disheswhile
while
B.tried, to
C.months
D.No change is necessary.
Item 5
Audrey can’t
can’t leave
leave work
work early,
early, and
and Peggy
Peggy wont
wont
won’t
A B
help with the cupcakes, so I guess I’ll’ll have
have to
to do
do
C
all the baking myself.
A.cant
B.won’t
won’t
C.Ill
D.No change is necessary.
Item 6
During our picnic,
picnic,we
wewere
weretormented
tormentedbyby
A
insects: ants
insects: antsswarming
swarminginto
intothe
thepotato
potato
B
salad, bees
salad, beesbuzzing
buzzingby
byour
ourears,
ears,and
andaakatydid
katydid
C
jumping into Henry’s open mouth.
A.picnic we
B.insects; ants
C.salad bees
D.No change
changeisisnecessary.
necessary.
Quick Test, Part 2
Directions: In the items that follow,
choose the sentence that is correctly
punctuated.
Item 7
A.
A. Before
Before you
youstart
startpainting
paintingthethe
walls,
walls,
you’ll
you’ll
need
a dropacloth
need dropand
cloth
a ladder.
and a ladder.
B. Before you start painting the walls you’ll
need a drop cloth, and a ladder.
C. Before you start painting the walls, youll need
a drop cloth, and a ladder.
Item 10