Commercial Crew & Cargo

Program

Program Overview

Marc Timm
Program Executive, Commercial Crew & Cargo Program
NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

May, 2007
 National Direction
• National Space Exploration Policy/
Vision for Space Exploration, Jan 2004
– [The United States will] Promote…
commercial participation in exploration…
to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic
interests.
– [The NASA Administrator will] Pursue
commercial opportunities for providing transportation
and other services supporting the International Space
Station and exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit.
• NASA Authorization Act of 2005
– The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon… to
promote exploration, science, commerce…
– The Administrator... shall develop a commercialization plan to support the human missions to the Moon
and Mars, to support low-Earth orbit activities…
• NASA Administrator Mike Griffin,
American Astronautical Society, Nov. 15, 2005
– If we are to make the expansion and development of the space frontier an
integral part of what it is that societies do, then these activities must, as quickly
as possible, assume an economic dimension as well… To this end, it is up to
us at NASA to use the challenge of the Vision for Space Exploration to foster the commercial
opportunities which are inherent to this exciting endeavor.

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 NASA ISS Obligations

• Need
– NASA has an immediate and long term
obligation to service the
International Space Station (ISS)
• Status
– Vision for Space Exploration to retire
Space Shuttle by 2010 results in using
remaining flights to complete ISS assembly
– Baseline barter and purchase agreements for
International Partner space transportation
capabilities (Progress, Soyuz, ATV, HTV) are no longer sufficient to meet
projected ISS operational needs
– There is a shortfall and gap in accommodating ISS resupply needs until
CEV becomes available by 2014/2015 timeframe
• Solutions
– Commercial transportation service is the preferred approach if proven
reliable and cost effective
– CEV and foreign purchases of space transportation capabilities are
alternatives to meeting service obligations to ISS if commercial services are
unavailable

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 Program Objectives
• The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office (C3PO) has been established at
the Johnson Space Center to accomplish the following objectives:
– Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with investments to stimulate the
commercial space industry
– Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo and crew space
transportation capabilities with the goal of achieving reliable, cost effective access
to low-Earth orbit
– Create a market environment in which commercial space transportation services
are available to Government and private sector customers
Exploration Systems Mission Associate
Associate Administrator
Administrator (AA)
(AA)
Directorate Management (HQ) For
For Exploration
Exploration
Systems
Systems
Horowitz
Horowitz
Deputy
Deputy AA
AA
Cooke
Cooke

Constellation
Constellation Systems
Systems Division
Division
Stanton
Stanton

Commercial
Commercial Constellation
Constellation
Crew
Crew & & Cargo
Cargo Program
Program
Program
Program Office
Office
Program Management Office
Office (JSC)
(JSC)
(JSC)
(JSC)
(Centers) Lindenmoyer
Hanley
Hanley
Lindenmoyer

COTS
COTS COTS
COTS
Project
Project Project
Project
SpaceX
SpaceX RpK
RpK Other
Other Cx
Cx
Parterships
Parterships
Unfunded
Projects
Projects
Horkahcuk
Horkahcuk Manners
Manners Unfunded
SAAs
SAAs
Project Management
(Centers)
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 Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office
Johnson Space Center

ESMD Program Executive Program Manager

Marc Timm Alan Lindenmoyer
HQ COTS Technical Authority
Deputy Program Manager Eng: JSC/EA Gail Chapline
Valin Thorn S&MA: JSC/NA Mark
COTS Advisory Erminger
Administrative
Team Med/Health: JSC/SA Jeff
Assistant
(CAT)NASA Centers QA Davis
Starr Taylor

Keith Hutto Lisa Price

Agreements Business/Resource Analyst
Officer
Jennifer Krause
Contract
Specialist

Program Integration Chief Safety and Commercial Space

Manager Mission Assurance Development Manager
Mike Surber Officer Rob Kelso
Mark Erminger NA

Assistant Program Assistant Commercial

Integration Manager Space Development
Tim Bulk Manager Dennis Stone
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)
Demonstrations

COTS Project COTS Project

Executive Executive
(SpaceX) (RpK)
Mike HorkachuckQB1 QB2
Bruce Manners
10 C3PO FTE Assistant Project Assistant Project
4 Matrix FTE Executive Executive
4/06/07 Kevin Meehan 5
Warren Ruemmele
Potential ISS
Market
$300-
700M/year

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Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)
Overview

• $500M budgeted in FY06-FY10 as an investment for the

demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities
• COTS Project executed in two phases:
– Phase 1: Technical Development/Demonstration by private industry
– Phase 2: Potential Competitive Procurement of Orbital Transportation
Services
• Phase 1 award of Space Act Agreements in August 2006
• Phase 1 SAAs include an option for crew transportation
demonstrations
– Pending successful cargo demonstrations and additional NASA funding

COTS Phase 1 is NOT a procurement or contract for products and services –

It is NASA’s catalyst for technology demonstrations where the potential high return on

investment outweighs the associated financial risk

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 Innovative Features

• Phase 1 Competition
– Utilized NASA’s Space Act authority vs. FAR contract
– Emphasized management team skills vs. company past performance
– Business plan and financial criteria similar to private investment models
– Broadly targeted technical goals for the general space transportation
market
• Firm requirements/processes where necessary for ISS certification and
human safety
– Encouraged private investment to share costs, enable multiple awards, and
maximize capability coverage
• Space Act Agreement
– Companies retain maximum rights to intellectual and personal property
allowed by law
– FAA licensing and cross-waiver liability provisions
– Fixed-price performance milestone payments
• Series of incremental milestones based on objective criteria
– Restricted termination provisions

COTS is a Government-Industry partnership

and represents a new way of doing business with the private sector
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 COTS Participants

• Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of

industry
• Down selected to 6 companies for final evaluation and negotiations –
2 selected for portfolio of funded SAAs
– Andrews Space
– SpaceDev
– SPACEHAB
– Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)
– Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Funded Space Act Agreement
– Rocketplane-Kistler (RpK) Funded Space Act Agreement

• Discussions with several companies are ongoing for NASA technical

assistance with capability development via nonreimburseable
(unfunded) SAAs
• Currently, unfunded SAAs have been signed with:
– Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)
– PlanetSpace

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Rocketplane Kistler COTS Concept
Description:
• K-1 Launch Vehicle
• Orbital Vehicle
• Pressurized/Unpressurized Cargo/Crew
Modules

Proposed Features:
• Reusable launch and orbital vehicles that
return to launch site
• Modular crew and cargo configurations
• Capability A/B/C demonstration planned for
completion by March 2009
• NASA Investment:
– Cargo Demonstration – up to $207 M
– Crew Option – up to $200 M

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 RpK Milestone Highlights

• FY06
– Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed
– Financing Round Completed

• FY07
– System Requirements Review Completed
– Financing Round
– Critical Design Reviews

• FY08
– Engine Test Firing
– System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
– Launch Vehicle Complete/Ship
– Certification of Flight Readiness

• FY09
– Risk Reduction Orbital Test Flight
– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (internal/pressurized)
– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (external/unpressurized)

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Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX)
COTS Concept
Description:
• Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle
• Dragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft
Proposed Features:
• Flexible crew and cargo configurations
• Recoverable launch vehicle and spacecraft
• ISS cargo delivery & return demonstration
planned for completion by September 2009
• NASA Investment:
– Cargo Demonstration – up to $278 M
– Crew Option – up to $308 M additional

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 SpaceX Milestone Highlights

• FY06
– Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed

• FY07
– System Requirements ReviewsCompleted
– Preliminary Design Review Completed
– Financing Round Completed
– Critical Design Review

• FY08
– Financing Round
– System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
– Orbital Test Flight 1

• FY09
– Delta System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
– Orbital Test Flight 2
– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS

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 t/Space Concept

Spacecraft and After strap-on Description:

booster released
from 747
boosters fire, core
takes over • Air launched rocket uses
LOX/propane
and vapor pressure for
pressurization
• Piloted capsule
• Separately launched
cargo module

CXV reaches orbit CXV delivers separately

with second stage launched cargo module to
attached ISS

Crew compartment returns;

other parts are expended Parachute landing into water

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PlanetSpace Concept

Description:
• ELV rocket based on legacy V-
2 engines
• USAF FDL-7 based lifting body
spacecraft

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 COTS Timeline

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015+

Shuttle ISS Assembly Shuttle Retirement

Phase 1 COTS
Demo/Development
Cargo Dev
COTS Cargo Demo/Dev
Crew Dev*
COTS Crew Demo/Dev

Phase 2 COTS ISS Services

Cargo Services
COTS Cargo Services

COTS Crew Services Crew Services

ISS Operations

CEV/CLV Development

CEV/CLV Operations

* COTS crew transportation capability is a Phase 1 option and is currently not funded or authorized
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 COTS Flight Demonstrations

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cargo Demo Flight 1 (Sep) Crew Demo Flight 1 (Jun)

Cargo Demo Flight 2 (Jun) Crew Demo Flight 2 (Dec)

Cargo Demo Flight 3 to ISS (Sep) Crew Demo

Flight 3 (Apr)

Pre Demo Flight 1 Risk Reduction Flight (Nov) Crew Demo

Flight (Aug)
Cargo Demo Flight 1 to ISS (Jan)

Cargo Demo Flight 2 to ISS (Mar)

Funded Milestone

Optional Milestone

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 Summary

• U.S. space policy directs pursuit of commercial opportunities for providing

transportation and other services to low Earth orbit and beyond
• C3PO established to implement policy
• COTS strategy
– Phase 1 -- Industry technical development/demonstrations (COTS Demos)
– Phase 2 – Potential procure commercial services for ISS logistics support
• COTS Demonstrations competition completed in 10 months
• Two industry partners selected for funded Space Act Agreements
– SpaceX & Rocketplane Kistler
• Unfunded Space Act Agreements are established or in work with other
companies
• COTS budget of $500 M thru 2010, with pay for performance milestone approach
• Cargo flight demonstrations planned for as early as 2008
– Crew flight demonstration options possible for 2011-2012 timeframe
• Commercial cargo transportation services potentially available as early as 2010

Successful COTS partners may open new space markets and provide reliable,
cost effective cargo and crew transportation services
- a new era for commercial space
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