Unit One Introduction To Public Management: By: Zigiju Samuel
Unit One Introduction To Public Management: By: Zigiju Samuel
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT
administration;
Recognize the differences and similarities between politics and
public administration;
Explain the pillars of public administration;
developing countries;
Examine the environment of public administration; and
documented until.
Public Administration
Deals with the machinery and procedures of
government activities
Species of administration which operates within a
Political Legal
Managerial Occupational
Definitions…
well individually
Definitions…
How can we define “PA” from a legal perspective?
Interpretation
an art and a science
providing leadership
supervisors
Features of PA…
Public administration …
is the action part of the government
is the means by which the purposes and goals of the
government are realized
is part of executive branch of government
is related with the activities of the state
carries out the public policies
realizes the aspirations of the people as formulated
and expressed in the laws
Politics and PA Dichotomy
Politicians,
interested in policy making
Therefore,
it is sometimes difficult to differentiate politics from administration.
administration?
What are the differences and
Role Scop
Characteristics Pillars
Environment
Properties of PA: Role
What is the role of Public Administration?
Role of Public Administration
Basis of government
Instrument of change in the society
Plays vital role in the life of the people
Instrument for executing laws, policies and programs of the state
Stabilizing force in the society
Instrument of national integration in a country
Responsibilities in terms of nation-building and shaping the
future society
Properties of PA: Scope
policies
Human behavior, cooperative group effort
Organization,
Staffing,
Directing,
Coordinating ,
Reporting and
Budgeting.
Pillars of Public Administration
outputs.
Effectiveness – achievement of the objectives.
Internal environment:
the organization itself
groups and individuals within the organization
the material, financial, and other resources
External environment
outside the control of the administration
having major impact in shaping the features and
determining the success or failures
Discussion
recognition,
a government which is responsible for the
Ethiopia,
U.S. Congress, and
the British Parliament, etc.
Legislative Branch –role
deliberating, debating, and passing laws
Investigation of actions and decisions of government
officials
Approval of national budgets
Conducting hearings on pressing issues, interest
groups, political parties, general public (electorate), etc
Confirm executive appointees to courts and ministries.
Legitimizing government policy
Legislators must work within the democratic ethics of
tolerance, respect, and compromise to reach agreement
The Judiciary Branch
Independent and professional judges
Independence mean judges can make lawful decisions not
decisions based on personal preferences.
independence from political pressures of elected officials and
legislatures guarantees the impartiality of judges.
A fair, impartial, and constitutionally guaranteed
system of courts
Judicial rulings should be impartial-based on the facts of a case,
individual merits and legal arguments, and relevant laws.
These principles ensure equal legal protection for all.
The power of judges to review public laws and declare
them void or not void - check and balance
Reflection
one?
How do you explain their roles,
Organizational effectiveness
Making public administration /more
resources
Realizes the participative management process,
measurements
Local needs and problems are best handled by local
and by whom.
The chief executive at the local level may be a traditional
council;
a city manager hired by that council, or
decentralization?
Why has decentralization got much
decentralization?
PA in DCs and LDCs
PA in developed countries:
The bureaucracy - high degree of specialization
Recruitment of personnel - based on merits
Laws and political decisions - rational
Public policy making - effectively made by professional PAs
Administration - all-encompassing functions
High correlation - political power and legitimacy (legality)
Holders of political or governmental offices - considered as
lawful or reasonable holders, and
transfer of power and positions tend to occur in accordance
with prescribed rules and procedures.
Roles and challenges of PA in DCs
The bureaucracy in developed countries these
states mainly perform three types of functions:
Regulatory and preventive functions - enforcing laws,
collecting revenue, and protecting the state against external
aggression.
Service functions - providing services like education,
health, culture and recreation, social insurance,
unemployment relief, housing, transportation, and
communication.
Entrepreneurial (commercial) functions - operating
industrial enterprises, loaning funds and so forth in order to
maintain or increase economic growth and development of
their respective societies.
PA in developing countries
The following are indicative patterns of LDCs
PA.
Imitative (copied) rather than indigenous
(original).
The bureaucracies are deficient (lacking) in
the:
skills necessary for development programs,
trained administrators with management capacity,
developmental skills, and technical proficiency are
extremely in shortfall.
PA in developing countries…
Emphasis to non-productive orientations
Much bureaucratic activity is channeled
Reflection
How could you define Public
Administration in the Ethiopian context?
What special features could you find in
your definition?
Recent Genesis of Ethiopian PA
development
Operational arm (apparatus) of the
government
Many achievements
Yohannes IV
looking
Ethiopian PA …
Early Development - Menelik II
Aimed at creating an orderly and
efficient government
Introduction of modern administration
1907
Minister of Justice, Defense, Interior, Trade and
Foreign Affair, Finance, Agriculture, Pen, Public
works and Minister of Palace Administration
Ethiopian PA …
Issued Guidelines
conflicts
the recognition of the right of nations,
and
a commitment to holding national and local
elections
After 1994 – The Constitution
service
To have the civil service transparent, responsive,
institutionally
Creates new responsibilities for inexperienced actors
Can disperse scale economies (expertise) groups
Introduces more levels into the state
Creates a tension between local autonomy and
national standards
Can increase administrative costs
Reforming Public Administration in Ethiopia
National values
Changing roles and functions of the
State
Environmental change
Resource availability
Rigidities
New technologies
Discussion Questions
personal gain
bribery and corruption (petty and grand)
developmental state
influenced by the role of government in the
economy
Discussion Questions