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    Prajna Dey
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    Reports are written documents that present facts, findings, and analysis for a specific audience. They provide explanations of circumstances and discuss problems in detail to form the basis for recommendations. Reports are used to judge organizational department performances and should be fact-based and unbiased. Effective academic writing clearly answers assignment questions, demonstrates subject understanding, provides evidence to support arguments, and follows a logical structure with proper citations and references. Careful planning is important for strong assignment completion.

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    Reports are written documents that present facts, findings, and analysis for a specific audience. They provide explanations of circumstances and discuss problems in detail to form the basis for recommendations. Reports are used to judge organizational department performances and should be fact-based and unbiased. Effective academic writing clearly answers assignment questions, demonstrates subject understanding, provides evidence to support arguments, and follows a logical structure with proper citations and references. Careful planning is important for strong assignment completion.

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    60 views20 pages

    Academic Writing

    Uploaded by

    Prajna Dey
    Reports are written documents that present facts, findings, and analysis for a specific audience. They provide explanations of circumstances and discuss problems in detail to form the basis for recommendations. Reports are used to judge organizational department performances and should be fact-based and unbiased. Effective academic writing clearly answers assignment questions, demonstrates subject understanding, provides evidence to support arguments, and follows a logical structure with proper citations and references. Careful planning is important for strong assignment completion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    Effective Report Writing

    What are Reports & Why do we Need them?


    • A report is a presentation of Facts & Findings, usually as a basis for Recommendations written

    for a specific Readership, and probably intended to be kept as a Record.

    • It is purely based on Observation and Analysis.

    • It gives an Explanation of any circumstance.

    • It Discusses a particular problem in great detail.

    • Reports are required for Judging the performances of various departments in an organization

    • A good report is always Fact Finding and not fault finding. It is prepared with an unbiased

    approach.
    What is Academic Writing?
    • Academic Writing is a clear, formal and concise way of writing that:

     Answers the assignment question

     Demonstrates understanding of a subject

     Provides evidence to support claims, ideas or arguments made within an


    assignment

     Has a logical and clear structure

     Contains citations with the assignment and a reference list at the end of the
    work.
    Planning an Assignment
    • Helps you to focus on what the assignment is really asking.
    • Helps you to create a structure for your assignment
    • Guides you through populating (/ giving shape to) that
    structure.
    • By creating and following an assignment plan, your work will
    be better prepared, written and presented.
    • Start planning your assignment soon – sooner the better!
    Steps for Planning and Completing Assignment

    • Consult the Assessment Brief and Marking Criteria.

    • Analyse the Question

    • What do you already know?

    • Start your Research

    • Read

    • Structure

    • Develop a First Draft

    • Second Draft

    • The Final Draft

    • Ensure all information is correctly referenced

    • Proofread

    • Print the Final Copy


    Power of Writing
    “Life is nowhere” “Life is now here”

    Mango: A fruit which is juicy and sweet. (Writing)

    Mango: Juicy stone fruit (drupe) from numerous


    species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant
    genus Mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit.
    (Academic
    Writing)
    Bad Academic Writing
    I hate wet and reiny days….
    It rained a lot in 1816.... a lot - like everyday; the weather in Europe was
    abnormally wet because it rained in Switzerland on 130 out of the 183 days
    from April to September. If I was Mary Shelley I might decide to write a
    book too. Afterall, it was the onnly thing you could do without TV or
    anything. She said that she "passed the summer of 1816 in the environs of
    Geneva...we occasionally amused ourselves with some German stories of
    ghosts... These tales excited in us a playful desire of imitation"  So,
    people were stuck inside and bored. Mary Shelley decided to write a book
    becuase it was so awful outside. I can totally see her point, you know? I
    guess I would write a novel if there was nothing else to do.
    Activity
    • Why would you consider the above excerpt as an
    example of a BAD academic writing?

    • Please identify all the points responsible for making the


    writing a bad example of an academic writing.
    • The opening sentence is not on target, and it has a spelling error.

    • The second sentence states a fact, but no cited source is provided -


    plagiarism!

    • The rest of the paragraph begins to discuss the topic, but not clearly
    enough to allow the audience to see where you are heading.

    • The quote used does little to support the opening sentences.

    • Grammar errors and run on sentences are present as well.


    Good Academic Writing – Critical Thinking!
    The weather in 1816 Europe was abnormally wet, keeping many inhabitants indoors
    that summer. From April until September of that year, "it rained in Switzerland on
    130 out of the 183 days from April to September" (Phillips, 2006). Unlike today, one
    could not simply turn on a television or click through the Internet in order to entertain
    oneself. Instead, it was much more common for the educated people of the day to
    spend time reading, discussing well-known authors and artists of the day, playing at
    cards and walking in their gardens and walking paths.
    If you were Mary Shelley in the company of Byron and others, you amused each
    other by reading out loud, sharing a common interest in a particular book, and
    sharing with the others your own writing. In her introduction to Frankenstein, her
    explanation of how this extraordinary novel came to be was due, at least in part, to
    the weather and the company (Shelley, 1816).  "I passed the summer of 1816 in the
    environs of Geneva. The season was cold and rainy, and ...we occasionally amused
    ourselves with some German stories of ghosts... These tales excited in us a playful
    desire of imitation" (Shelley, as quoted in Phillips, 2006).
     
    Activity
    • Why would you consider the above excerpt as an
    example of a GOOD academic writing?

    • Please identify all the points responsible for making the


    writing a good example of an academic writing.
    • The introductory sentence immediately tells the
    audience your topic.

    • The opening paragraph supports the opening sentence.

    • The second paragraph supports the first paragraph.

    • There are no spelling errors, and the writing is clear and


    concise.
    What is Paraphrasing?
    • A Restatement
    • Of the same or different length as the original
    • Written with different words

    • Often reorganized
    • Faithful to the author’s intended meaning
    • Reader-Friendly
    Why Paraphrase?
    • It proves a level of understanding.

    • Avoid plagiarism

    • Enable in the complete comprehension of the material


    being paraphrased.
    Paraphrasing Techniques
    • Change to synonyms

    • Change word forms

    • Change from quoted speech to indirect speech

    • Change from active voice to passive voice

    • Interpret meaning

    • Identify the underlying meaning of a statement

    • All the paraphrased sentences should be properly cited.


    Paraphrase the Following:

    1. Willy Wonka was famous for his delicious candy.


    Children and adults loved to eat it.
    2. “…there are two ways to become wealthy: to create
    wealth or to take wealth away from others. The former
    adds to society. The latter typically subtracts from it, for
    in the process of taking it away, wealth gets destroyed.
    A monopolist who overcharges for his product takes
    away money from whom he is overcharging and at the
    same time destroys value. To get his monopoly price, he
    has to restrict production.”
    -Stiglitz, J.E. (2013). The price of inequality. London:
    Penguin.
    • Willy Wonka was known throughout the world because
    people enjoyed eating the tasty candy he made
    • Creating wealth adds to society, whereas taking away
    wealth of others detracts from it and destroys wealth in
    the process. For example a monopolist overcharging for
    a product not only takes money away from the
    customer, but also destroys value in order to get the
    monopoly price and thereby restricts production
    (Stiglitz, 2013).

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