Chapter 14 Gas Laws PPT 2017 Good
Chapter 14 Gas Laws PPT 2017 Good
Chapter 14 Gas Laws PPT 2017 Good
V
o
P1V1 = P2V2
l
u If you squeeze a
m gas sample, you
e make its volume
L smaller.
Pressure (kPa)
Now . . . a
container where
the volume can
Moveable change (syringe)
piston
↕
Same
temperature
In which system is the pressure higher? (Which has the greater number of
collisions with the walls and each other?)
P1V1 =
P2V2
2.00L x 740.0 mmHg = 760.0 mm Hg x V2
1.95 L = V2
Charles’ Law
Charles’ Law – at a constant pressure, the volume
of a gas increases as the temperature of the gas
increases (and the volume decreases when the
temperature decreases). They are directly related.
• increasing the
temperature of a gas V
V1 = V2
T1 T2
increases the speed of o
gas particles which l
u
collide more often and m
with more force causing e
the walls of a flexible
L
container expand.
Think of hot air
Temperature (K)
balloons!
Charles’ Law Video Example
Charles’ Law Example:
4.40 L of a gas is collected at 50.0°C. What will be its
volume upon cooling to 25.0°C?
First you must convert temperatures from Celsius to
Kelvin. Temperature must always be in Kelvin
K = 273 + °C V1 = V2
T1 = 273 + 50.0°C = 323K
T1 T2
T2 = 273 + 25.0°C = 298K
P1 = P2 Pressure
T1 T2 (atm)
Temperature (K)
Gay-Lussac’s Law Video Example
Steel cylinder (2L) Steel cylinder (2L)
contains 500 contains 500
molecules of O2 at molecules of O2 at
400 K 800 K
P1V1 = P2V2
T1 T2
P1 V 1 P2V2
T1 T2
P1 = 2.5 atm P2 = 1.5 atm
V1 = 2.0L V2 = ?
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298K T2 = 33 + 273 = 306K
A. 2.0 L of Kr
B. 1.0 L of Ne
C. 0.5 L of Rn
D. 1.5 L of Ar
volumes
Therefore equal _______________ of gas
atoms
contain equal numbers of __________ or
______________________.
molecules
Ideal Gases
• Gases whose behavior can be predicted by the kinetic
molecular theory are called ideal, or perfect, gases. No
gases are truly ideal because no gas totally obeys all of
the gas laws.
PV = nRT
n = PV
RT
n = (1.20)(2.50)
(.08206) (298K)
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3
PTOTAL = 22.3kPa + 44.7 kPa + 112 kPa =
= .370 L N2
END