Global Stratification 072134

GLOBAL
STRATIFICATION
NASIR A. AKANUL
INSTRUCTOR
GLOBAL
STRATIFICATION
refers to the unequal

distribution of wealth,
power, prestige, resources,
and influence among the
world’s nations. Put more
simply, there is an extreme
difference between the
richest and poorest nations.
• Infographic Style
There are two
dimensions to this
stratification: gaps
gaps
between within
nations nations
The United Nations and the World Bank have used various classification systems,
or typologies.
1ST TYPOLOGY
(AFTER WORLD WAR II)
 First World
 generally the Western capitalist democracies of North America and of Europe and
certain other nations (e.g., Australia, New Zealand, and Japan).
 Second World
 the communist nations belonging to the Soviet Union
 Third World
 all the remaining nations, almost all of them from Central and South America,
Africa, and Asia. This classification was useful in distinguishing capitalist and
communist countries and in calling attention to the many nations composing the
Third World.
However, it was primarily a political classification rather than a stratification

classification.
or typologies.
2ND TYPOLOGY
Developed
Developing
Undeveloped
Although this typology was initially popular, critics said that calling nations
“developed” made them sound superior, while calling nations
“undeveloped” made them sound inferior.
or typologies.
3RD TYPOLOGY
Wealthy (Or High-income) Nations
Middle-income Nations
Poor (Or Low-income) Nations
This typology has the advantage of emphasizing the most

important variable in global stratification:
how much wealth a nation has.
or typologies.
4TH TYPOLOGY
 Core Nation
 dominant capitalist countries, highly industrialized, technological, and urbanized. An economic
powerhouse that can support or deny support to important economic legislation with far-reaching
implications, thus exerting control over every aspect of the global economy and exploiting both semi-
peripheral and peripheral nations.
 Semi – Peripheral Nation

 in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but nevertheless acting as a major source for raw
material and an expanding middle-class marketplace for core nations, while also exploiting peripheral
nations.
 Peripheral Nation
 have very little industrialization; what they do have often represents the outdated castoffs of core nations or
the factories and means of production owned by core nations. They typically have unstable governments,
inadequate social programs, and are economically dependent on core nations for jobs and aid.
• Infographic Style
Theories
Of
Modernization theory
Global
Stratification
Dependency theory
Modernization Theory
 Comes out of the structural-functional viewpoint, as it frames inequality as a
function of industrial and cultural differences between nations.
 Accordingly, low-income countries are affected by their lack of industrialization and
can improve their global economic standing through (Armer and Katsillis 2010):
 an adjustment of cultural values and attitudes toward work
 Industrialization and other forms of economic growth
 Cultural equality, history, community, and local traditions are all at risk as
modernization pushes into peripheral countries. The challenge, then, is to allow the
benefits of modernization while maintaining a cultural sensitivity to what already
exists.
START
Dependency Theory
 coincides with the conflict viewpoint, as it
focuses on ways that poor nations have
been wronged by rich nations.
 It states that global inequality is primarily
caused by core nations (or high-income
nations) exploiting semi-peripheral and
peripheral nations (or middle-income and
low-income nations), which creates a cycle
of dependence (Hendricks 2010).
ACTIVITY
To measure your understanding:
The following are pictures that

convey different meaning or
message. Decode the picture
through writing your interpretation
relating it to the discussed topic.
PICTURE 1
PICTUR
E2
PICTURE 3
PICTURE 4
PICTURE 5
PICTURE 6
PICTURE 7
PICTURE 8
End

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GLOBAL

refers to the unequal

However, it was primarily a political classification rather than a stratification

This typology has the advantage of emphasizing the most

 Semi – Peripheral Nation

The following are pictures that

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