Group 3

MODERN PHILOSOPHY
OF EDUCATION
GROUP 3
REPORTERS:
Delos Santos, Ma. Lourdes A.
Estoque, Joycee Jean
Felipe, Prencess
Ferbiz, Suitzel
Gamit, Shienryl
MODERN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
MODERN PHILOSOPHY
Is a philosophy developed in the modern era and associated
with modernity.
Modern philosophy got its start in Western Europe spanning

from the 17th to the early 20th Century.
MODERN PHILOSOPHY AND
EDUCATION
Education is a laboratory in which philosophical

distinctions become concrete and are tested.(John
Dewey)
It is the application of philosophy to study the problems

of education that is known as philosophy of education.
 IDEALISM
 PRAGMATISM
 PROGRESSIVISM
 EXISTENTIALISM
 PERRENIALISM
 ESSENTIALISM
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
 BEHAVIORISM
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
IDEALISM: HOW MIND
SHAPES REALITY
The word idealism signifies two terms, ‘idea’ and ‘ideal’. (Plato)
Idealism is a philosophy that says reality is shaped by our minds,

not by material things.
It is a philosophical approach stating that ideas and knowledge are

the only true reality.
IDEALISM AND EDUCATION
Idealism is a concept that values the pursuit of
knowledge and development of individuals intellect and
moral character.
 Ideas
 Imagination
 Critical thinking
ROLE OF TEACHER
Guide , mentor and Facilitator
TEACHING STYLE
Questioning
Discussion
Lecture Method
CONCLUSION
It is believe that students should be taught how to
think in school. The teacher passes on knowledge
and the students gain and adapt knowledge.
Idealist think that lecture is very important

method to deliver knowledge.
Pragmatism
• Charles Sanders Peirce, William James
and John Dewey
• It believes that the meaning of an idea

can be determined by the consequence
of its tests: if it works in practice, it is
true or good.
9
Pragmatism
• It believes that CHANGE is the
essence of reality.
• Experimental Method is its method
of thoughts.
10
Why teach?
• prepare learners to be practical and encourage
them to become better people.
How to teach?
• scientific projects, writing tasks, teach what is
useful to become better people.
What to teach? • Project-based Learning

• Play-based Learning
• Technical Skills • Experimentation
• Experiential Learning
11
Progressivism
• John Dewey
• Directly grew from pragmatic
philosophy
• Education should focus on the whole
child.
• Learner is a problem solver who
makes meanings through experience.
12
Progressivism
• Involves participation of students and
allows them to exercise freedom and moral
powers.
• Methods: Scientific Method and
Problem Solving.
• “Learning by Doing Principle”
13
Why teach?
• develop learners into becoming progressive
and rational citizens
How to teach?
• use of experiential methods; utilize problem solving
method
What to teach?
• skills or processes to cope with change;
skills in evaluating information and problem
solving
14
Summary
• In pragmatism, it believes that, if it works in
practice, it is true or good. It uses Experimental
method and believes that Change is the essence
of reality.
• In Progressivism, learner is a problem solver who

makes meanings through experience. Its principle
is “Learning by Doing” and the method it uses are
scientific method and problem solving.
15
ESSENTIALISM
• Essentialism is an American Philosophy of education which began in the 1930
and 1940.
• The two origins of essentialism is from idealism and realism.
• Essentialism refers to “BASIC EDUCATION”.
• Essentialism believe in teaching the basic subjects.
• They believe that art and Science is as useful as it was in past and it will remain
useful in future.
ESSENTIALISM
• They raised Slogan “BAK To Basic”
• Essentialists believe that students should be taught to be model citizen
• Essentialist believe that teachers should teach traditional moral values and
virtues.
• Essentialist believe in mastery learning.
• The initiative in education should take by the teacher rather than pupil.
WILLIAM BAGLEY (1874-1946)
• He was an American Philosopher
• He introduced the term essentialism in 1930
• He was one of the most influential advocates of essentialism
• He introduced the philosophy of essentialism in education.
IMPORTANCE OF ESSENTIALISM
Essential provides students with strong basic education such as reading,

writing, listening, speaking, drawing etc.
It has largely contributed to education field, enabling students to develop
a sound foundation of basic knowledge.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
• Formalization of the theory of constructivism is generally attributed to Jean
Piaget, who articulated mechanisms by which knowledge is internalized by
learners. He suggested that through process of accommodation and
assimilation individuals construct new knowledge from their experiences.
• Assimilation occurs when a learner adds new information, basically
layering it on top of the old.
• Accommodation occurs when a learner must change previously learn
information is possible.
Constructivism is a learning Theory
• Learning is an active process
• Knowledge is constructed from (and shaped by) experience.
• Learning is a personal interpretation of the world
• Emphasizes problem solving and understanding
• Uses authentic task, experiences, settings, assessments
• Content presented holistically- not in separated smaller size
Constructivist as
an instructor
As a student
• Provide multiple modes of • He develop own goals and assessments
representations/perspective on content
• Create new understanding (via coaching,
• Create new understanding via moderating, suggesting)
coaching, moderating, and suggesting • Control learning (reflecting)
• Testing should be integrated with the • Member of community of learners
task not a separate activity
• Collaborate among fellow students
• Use errors to inform students of • Learn in a social experience-appreciate
progress to understanding and changes different perspectives.
in ideas.
EXISTENTIALIS
M
Jean Paul Sartre and Soren Kierkegaard
Existentialism focuses on
individuality, freedom,
and personal choice,
emphasizing exploration
of one’s purpose and
meaning in life.
EXISTENTIALISM
Why teach?
The concerns of the existentialists:
 Help students understand and appreciate

themselves.
 To be taught how who accept complete
responsibility for their thoughts,
feelings and actions.
EXISTENTIALISM
Why teach?
The existentialist teacher’s role:
 To help students define their own essence
- by exposing them to various paths they take
in life.
- by creating an environment in which they
freely choose their own preferred way.
 Since feeling is not divorced from reason in

decision making, the existentialist demands the
education of the whole person, “not just the
mind”.
EXISTENTIALISM
What to teach?
 Students are given a wide variety of options
from which to choose from.
 The humanities, however, are given tremendous
emphasis to “provide students with vicarious
experience that will help unleash their own
creativity and self-expression.
 Teacher- helps students define their essence.
 Holistic development- make good decisions
 Learner- centered
- Student’s interest and needs
-Students- emphasis not the curriculum
EXISTENTIALISM
What to teach?
 Teachers should nit impose values too

since values are personal.
 Learning is self-paced, self-directed.
 Teachers are merely facilitators.

PERENNIALISM
Robert M. Hutchins
Perennialism promotes the timeless and

universal principles of truth, reason,
and the great works of literature, art,
and philosophy.
 Perennialism is the oldest and most

traditional educational philosophy.
 The word “perennial” means everlasting.

PERENNIALISM
Why teach?
 Ageless, eternal, unchanged
 Truth- universal- does not depend on
circumstances of time, place, and person
(transcendent truths and values)
 We are all rational animals. Schools should,
therefore, develop the students’ rational and
moral powers.
 According to Aristotle, if we neglect the
students’ reasoning skills, we deprive them of
the ability to use their higher faculties to
control their passions and appetites.
PERENNIALISM
What to teach?
 The perennialist curriculum is a universal one on
the view that all human beings posses the same
essential nature.
 It is heavy on the humanities, on general
education.
 There is less emphasis on vocational and technical
education.
 What the perennialist teachers teach are lifted from the Great Books.
 History, religion, literature (Past ideas-relevant) Understand the great

work of civilization.
 Curriculum – based on recurrent themes.
PERENNIALISM
How to teach?
 The perennialist classrooms are “centered on
teachers.”
-The teachers do not allow the students’
interests or experiences to substantially
dictate what they teach.
 Students engaged in Socratic dialogues, or

mutual inquiry sessions to develop an
understanding of history’s most timeless
concepts.
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
BEHAVIORISM
SHIENRYL L. GAMIT
What is RECONSTRUCTIONISM?
◾ Also known as SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM,

◾ this theory claims to be the true successor of
progressivism and declares that the chief
purpose of education is to “RECONSTRUCT”
society in order to meet the cultural crisis
brought about by social, political, and economic
problems.
 Theodore Brameld (1904-1987) was
considered the founder of social
reconstructionism
 Paulo Freire (1921-1997) a Brazilian
educator and philosopher
 George Counts (1889-1974)
The Purpose of Schooling
 Critically examine all cultural and educational
institutions recommend change and reform as
needed.
Prepare students to become agents for change
Nature of the Learner
 Students are a critical element in
bringing social change
What is BEHAVIORISM?
 also known as behavioral psychology
a theory of learning based on the idea that all

behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
a theory of learning which states all behaviors

are learned through interaction with the
environment
Reconstructionism vs Behaviorism
 Reconstructionists believed that
“If society change, education change”
 Behaviorists believed that all behaviors

are learned and shaped by environment

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MODERN PHILOSOPHY

Modern philosophy got its start in Western Europe spanning

Education is a laboratory in which philosophical

It is the application of philosophy to study the problems

Idealism is a philosophy that says reality is shaped by our minds,

It is a philosophical approach stating that ideas and knowledge are

Idealist think that lecture is very important

• It believes that the meaning of an idea

What to teach? • Project-based Learning

• “Learning by Doing Principle”

• In Progressivism, learner is a problem solver who

Essential provides students with strong basic education such as reading,

The concerns of the existentialists:

 Help students understand and appreciate

 Since feeling is not divorced from reason in

 Teachers should nit impose values too

 Teachers are merely facilitators.

Perennialism promotes the timeless and

 Perennialism is the oldest and most

 The word “perennial” means everlasting.

 History, religion, literature (Past ideas-relevant) Understand the great

 Students engaged in Socratic dialogues, or

◾ Also known as SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM,

a theory of learning based on the idea that all

a theory of learning which states all behaviors

 Behaviorists believed that all behaviors

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