生物复杂性的演变：修订间差异

'''生物复杂性的演变'''（evolution of biological complexity）是指生物在[[演化]]过程中日益複雜化的现象，<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Werner |first1=Andreas |last2=Piatek |first2=Monica J. |last3=Mattick |first3=John S. |title=Transpositional shuffling and quality control in male germ cells to enhance evolution of complex organisms |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |date=April 2015 |volume=1341 |issue=1 |pages=156–163 |doi=10.1111/nyas.12608 |pmid=25557795 |pmc=4390386|bibcode=2015NYASA1341..156W }}</ref>即在生物进化中一些非常复杂的生物体产生了，尽管复杂程度在生物学中很难准确定义或衡量，所以诸如基因含量、{{link-en|细胞类型|cell type}}的数量或[[生物形態學]]等属性都被提议为複雜程度的衡量标准。<ref>{{cite journal |author=Adami, C. |title=What is complexity? |journal=BioEssays |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=1085–94 |year=2002 |pmid=12447974 |doi=10.1002/bies.10192}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Waldrop, M. |title=Language: Disputed definitions |journal=Nature |volume=455 |issue=7216 |pages=1023–1028 |year=2008 |doi=10.1038/4551023a |pmid=18948925 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.academia.edu/11720591 |title=Computation, Physics and Beyond |last1=Longo |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Montévil |first2=Maël |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=9783642276538 |editor-last=Dinneen |editor-first=Michael J. |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |pages=289–308 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-27654-5_22 |editor-last2=Khoussainov |editor-first2=Bakhadyr |editor-last3=Nies |editor-first3=André |citeseerx=10.1.1.640.1835 |access-date=2022-01-18 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118053202/https://www.academia.edu/11720591 }}</ref>

许多生物学家曾经认为大部分“低等生物（”（一般指[[体制]]簡單，[[组织 (生物学)|组织]]及[[器官]][[分化]]不显著，不具有[[脊椎]]的[[动物]]，如[[環節动物]]）會[[定向演化]]并且還會演化成 "“高等生物 "（”（一般指[[体制]]复杂，[[组织 (生物学)|组织]]及[[器官]][[分化]]显著，并具有[[脊椎]]的[[动物]]，即[[脊椎动物]]），不過这一观点缺乏证据。，<ref>{{cite journal |author=McShea, D. |title=Complexity and evolution: What everybody knows |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biology-philosophy_1991-07_6_3/page/303 |journal=Biology and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=303–324 |year=1991 |doi=10.1007/BF00132234|s2cid=53459994 }}</ref>現在此類生物會朝 "“高等生物 "”進化的想法现在被认为是錯誤的，因為[[自然选择]]的結果並不會讓生物朝某方向進化，生物体的複雜與否取決於自己所在的生存環境。<ref name="Ayala">{{cite journal |author=Ayala, F. J. |title=Darwin's greatest discovery: design without designer |journal=PNAS |volume=104 |issue= Suppl 1|pages=8567–73 |year=2007 |pmid=17494753 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0701072104 |pmc=1876431|bibcode=2007PNAS..104.8567A |doi-access=free }}</ref> 尽管有一些生物體在進化時复杂程度有所提高，但總體來說绝大多数的小型和简单生物体，它們的复杂程度似乎依舊相对稳定。